3D Scanners and their Economic Feasibility

Group Members:

Huang He A0098538L

Benjamin Cho Eng Keong A0098460X

Neo Yee Ping A0098542W

Oh Wee Meng, Wilson A0008231X

See Soon Hui A0098554N

Wong Kim Jyh A0098426U

Kelvin Ho Kong Meng A0082023W

1

For information on other new technologies that are becoming economically feasible,

see http://www.slideshare.net/Funk98/presentations

Outline

2

Introduction

Applications

The “Old” vs. “New”

Cost and Performance Comparison

Why 3D Scanning Will Get Better

Why 3D Scanning Will Get Cheaper

3D Scanner Market

Entrepreneurial Opportunities

3

White Light Scanner

4

Outline

5

Introduction

Applications





3D Scanner Market at a Glance


Applications – 1/7

Site Surveying 3D laser scanning accurately captures

large sets of 3D coordinates

Can detect pavement distresses, eg.

potholes and large-area utility patches.

Able to get a higher level of accuracy by

capturing all data at once, instead of one

point at a time.

Can estimate very quickly, the volume of

earth to remove

Source: http://www.darlingltd.com

Source: http://dmminingandenergy.com.au/services/

6 3D Laser Scanning of Inca ruins of Machu Picchu


Archival of Building Designs ○ capture as-built data for a historical,

religious, or other culturally significant

structures to create a permanent

digital record.

http://www.sparpointgroup.com


Architecture, Engineering and Construction Building retrofits and remodels

• capture as-built data and modify on digital model.

• estimated that 60% of U.S. building in the next 20 years will be based on existing construction, reliant on old 2D drawings or no existing data at all

7


Product Design & Inspections Archiving

○ Store digital copies of the designs,

etc.

Reverse engineering

○ Create new objects from existing

products.

Inspection

○ Compare 3D scans with CAD data or

previously captured data.

Source: http://metrisusa.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/image-one-8-20-10.jpg

Inspection

http://blog.nikonmetrology.com/tag/3d-scanning/

http://blog.nikonmetrology.com/tag/3d-scanning/

Archiving

8


Crime Scene Investigation

Reproduce 3D digital model of crime scene.

Allows investigator to

○ revisit the crime scene over and over again.

○ simulate “what if” scenarios.

○ reproduce physical models of weapons, etc. for further analysis.

○ take multiple critical measurements in a fraction of time compared to

traditional methods.

Source: http://www.deltasphere.com/images/FaroImages.jpg

9


Maintenance and Repair Create 3D digital model of

machine under repair.

Can send scan over the internet

to engineers in other region to

analyze.

○ No need for engineer to

visit site.

○ Engineer can revisit

“machine” numerous times

without visiting site. http://www.usinenouvelle.com/industry/img

http://www.tctmagazine.com/

Internet

10


Archaeology & art

Scan historical sites and artifacts both for

documentation and analysis purposes

11

204 Scans in 4 days on site

Applications – 7/7 Medical, Plastic Surgery, Forensics

Dental

○ braces, retainers, and mouth guards

Face

○ form-fitted face mask for treating burn

victims

Body Parts

○ prosthetics (ie. leg, back)

Non-contact scanning

○ Especially useful for situations of extreme

pain, eg. burn victims

Relatively fast compared to conventional methods

○ Patients may not be able to hold the posture

for long.

Source:

http://blog.3d3solutions.com

Source: http://blog.3d3solutions.com

Source: http://blog.creaform3d.com/ 12

Outline

13

Introduction

Applications







14

Previous Technology used to reconstruct 3D Images

Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)

• A CMM is a 3D device that can move in the 3

axis for measuring the physical geometrical

characteristics of an object

• The computer will recorded these co-

ordinates to form a 3D image of the object

• The X,Y,Z co-ordinates are collected by

using a contact probe that is positioned

manually by an operator or automatically

15

Previous Technology used to reconstruct 3D Images

Digital Photogrammetry

• A passive and contactless method of obtaining 3D

images (only camera needed)

•Operates on images of a scene captured from

different locations using a standard digital camera

•Once the positions of the cameras are known, the 3D

location of any point in the scene can be determined

by locating that point in both images

Products include:

• Surface models

• Aerial images

• 3D Building Models

• Contour Maps

2. Laser scanning

•A laser line is projected onto the object

surface.

•Laser profilers have to be moved over an

object to digitize its surface.

•Camera capturing the laser profile of the

object.

Current 3D Scanning Technologies (1/2)

1. Coded Light / White Light /

Structure Light

•Projecting a narrow band of stripes light onto a

three-dimensionally shaped surface.

•Distorted stripes light were capture by camera.

•Distorted stripes were used to rebuilt the shape

of the original object

16

Current 3D Scanning Technologies (2/2)

3. Interferometry

•Light from light source are split towards

specimen and reference mirror.

•Light from the test specimen is mixed with

light reflected from the reference mirror to

form an interference pattern.

•Interference pattern captured by camera

4. Time-of-flight

•A laser is used to emit a pulse of light.

•Amount of time before the reflected

light is seen by a detector is measured.

•Since the speed of light is known, the

round-trip time determines the travel

distance of the light.

17

Outline

18

Introduction

Applications






- Case study of Creaform


Comparison Overview (New)

White Light

Laser

Triangulation

Interferometry

Time of Flight

Imaging Speed Resolution Object surface Object Size Cost

Outline

20

Introduction

Applications








21

Light source:

Laser / white light

Processor

Sensor:

CCD / CMOS

Improvements in Light Source – Laser

Improvements in scanning

range: longer wavelength

= longer range

Brings about the

possibility of scanning at

night with little light source

22

Source: http://laserpointerforums.com/f45/direct-green-laser-diode-

technology-progress-64402-2.html

“A team of researchers at Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, Scotland ...were

able to obtain centimeter resolution depth images of low-signature objects in

daylight at stand-off distances on the order of one kilometer at the relatively

eye-safe wavelength of 1560 nm.” Source: http://blog.lidarnews.com/long-distance-high-accuracy-laser-scanning

http://thecleanrevolution.org/quick-facts/analysis-price-of-led-lighting-expected-to-fall-85-by-2015

Improvements in Light Source -White

Light

Cheaper price with

better performance over

the years

23

http://www.ledlightsmart.co.uk/led-and-lighting-glossary.html

Computational camera performance

24

http://www.corephotonics.com/january-29-2013-corephotonics-closes-first-round

Improvements in Sensor

Improvements in Sensor

Increase in resolution

over the years

Higher pixel count =

able to capture finer

details

25

Source:

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0

079672702000241

Source:

http://info.adimec.com/blogposts/bid/396

56/CCD-vs-CMOS-Image-Sensors-in-

Machine-Vision-Cameras

CMOS vs. CCD –

Capture Speed

2x in 1.5 yrs

2x in 7 yrs

Improvement in Processor Speed

26

http://scalometer.wikispaces.com/singularity

Evolution of Stand-Alone Scanners – Case of Argon

27

Evolution since 1995:

• Accuracy

• Resolution

• Scannable surface

• Ambient light conditions

Source: http://www.precisiebeurs.nl/assets/Uploads/Argon-

Measuring-Solutions.pdf

Case Study of overall 3D scanning improvement (1/2)

Evolution of Stand-Alone Scanners – Case of Argon

28

Case Study of overall 3D scanning improvement (2/2)

Atos I Atos III Atos III Triple

Scan time significantly reduced!

Outline

29

Introduction

Applications







Price breakdown of 3D laser scanner

Laser emitters $1160

Sensor CMOS $86

Processor <$50 Power unit <$50

Next Engine Laser

desktop scanner

Total cost: $1346

Sale price: $2995

30

Improvements in Average Selling Price (ASP) and Power of

Semiconductor Lasers

Source: Martinson R 2007. Industrial markets beckon for high-power

diode lasers, Optics, October: 26-27.

MT5009- fifth session (1) – lighting.pptx

Cheaper Light Source - Laser

31

Source: Materials Today 14(9)

September 2011, Pages 388–397

MT5009- fifth session (1) – lighting.pptx

Reduction in Operating Cost - Laser

32

Reductions in Threshold Current, i.e., Minimum Current Needed for Lasing to Occur, enable lower power consumption

More

portable

and

cheaper

lasers!

33

The projection method uses non coherent light and works like a video projector.

Patterns are generated by a display within the projector, typically an LCD .

Light Source

- White LED Bulb

Pattern

Generation on

LCD

Cheaper Light Source – White Light

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCD

34

Cost of White LED Bulbs decreasing

http://www.shimhyun.com/products/led/index

The price of LEDs has been consistently going down, and this trend is expected to continue. By

2015, LED bulbs are expected to be competitive to other forms of white light in terms of price.

0.09

0.009

Price

(USD)

0.0009


35

Cost of LCD panels is decreasing

http://www.economist.com/node/21543215


From video camera tubes

to CCD/CMOS sensors,

image sensors are

constantly improving

At the moment, CMOS is

mainly occupying the low

cost, high volume market

CMOS looks like it might

displace CCD in the high

performance market in

the long run

36

Cheaper Sensors

http://www.electroiq.com/blogs/insights_from_leading_edge/2013/03/iftle-137-cmos-image-sensor-market-update.html

http://www.eetimes.com/rss/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=224201255

37

Time required to produce

image sensor wafer is reduced

over the years

Improved production rate leads

to cheaper sensor

http://image-sensors-world.blogspot.sg/2012_07_01_archive.html

Cheaper Sensors

Average Selling Price of Image

sensors falling continuously.

38

Why

Sensors are

Getting

Cheaper

Scaling

Bigger wafer diameter

Lower die unit cost

Smaller pixel size

More pixel / area

Bigger processing machine

Handle more wafer & faster speed

Process

Improve in machine technology (example) :

•5 machines merged into 1 machine

•Chemical cleaning replaced by vacuum cleaning speed

Testing innovation Multi

dice testing Reduce in

test time / die

Material

Uses dual sided

PCB instead of

single sided

Safe material

cost and area

Gold wire

replaced by

copper wire

Component

Stacked multi-

chip for IC (US

patent 5422435)

Use nanowires to

build relatively

low cost sensor in

comparison of

silicon

Outline

39

Introduction

Applications







Commercial Applications

40

(As Previously Presented)


Site Surveying

http://www.sparpointgroup.com

Source: http://metrisusa.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/image-one-8-20-10.jpg

Product Design & Inspections

Source: http://www.deltasphere.com/images/FaroImages.jpg

Crime Scene Investigation

Trend is heading towards the Consumer

Market (Portability and Low Cost)

Portable 3D Scanners from

(Cost : US$30K-100k)

41

Desktop 3D Scanner from

(Cost:US$2,995)

http://www.creaform3d.com/lp/template1/3d-scanners/en/index.php?gclid=CMDV18qG77UCFUws6wodtmoA7A




Home DIY 3D Scanners Kits from

(Cost : US$650 –US$2610)

42

Microsoft Kinect Depth sensor

(Cost: US$150)

DAVID-Laserscanner Starter-Kit Version 2

DAVID Structured Light Scanner

The depth sensor is able to

return images like an ordinary

camera, each pixel value

represents the distance to the

point. As such, the sensor can

be use as a range- or 3D-

camera





iPhone 3D scanners Apps

(Cost: USD $4.99)

43

44

3D Laser Scanning Market (The Future)

•The 3D Laser Scanning market including

hardware, software, and services is rather

dynamic with major segments experiencing

rapid product innovation.

•Also, improved 3D laser scanning

products provide lower total project costs

which enable more projects to obtain

financial approval.

•Analyst estimated the market size for 3D

scanner to be $6.2b in 2016.

• With the overall worldwide market grow at

an 8.8 percent annual growth rate from

2011 to 2016. Quote: Research Director Ralph Rio, the principal author of

ARC’s “3D Laser Scanning Worldwide Outlook”

http://www.arcweb.com/press-center/2012-09-18/3d-laser-scanning-market-expected-to-grow-at-an-8-8-percent-annual-rate-1.aspx http://www.jmucc.ca/PDF/Cases/JMUCC_Creaform.pdf

http://www.arcweb.com/press-center/2012-09-18/3d-laser-scanning-market-expected-to-grow-at-an-8-8-percent-annual-rate-1.aspx





































Market demand that could aid in the diffusion

of 3D Scanners

Home and Small Offices

Low cost and smaller device size make it more

appealing for home / small office application (like

personal printer)

Usage

○ Work/School projects

○ Personalization in 3D Video Games and Social

Networking (Personalized 3D Avatar)

○ Online 3D Virtual Try-On Solution

45

For example, CADScan (a start-up company) is

exploring desktop 3D scanner for ~USD $1,200

Source: Examples of exploitation of human body digitization for styling

applications. Left: virtual fashion show, from Digital Fashion (Japan).

Center: digital customer card with stored body sizes, from e-Tailor project

(EU). Right: 3D virtual-try-on solution, from Optitex (Israel)

Designers

○ 3D scan to help modeling and reverse engineering

(Industrial Designers)

○ 3D scan of house interior to provide 3D image of

house design (Home Interior Designer)

46


of 3D Scanners

The demand in 3D printing as seen now,

will also lead to a demand for 3D

scanning in the future

47


of 3D Scanners

Scan in 3D Print in 3D

Holographic Images

Projection of stage performance to

worldwide audiences in 3D holographic

48


of 3D Scanners

Outline

49

Introduction

Applications







Opportunities

50

Conventional Projector

MicroVision's PicoP

Projector

Red, blue and green laser light sources to

create the projected image (Colours/Shades)

The MEMS scanning

mirror directs the

beam of light toward

the projection surface

in the pico projector

case

Product scale down for the

structured white light 3D

scanner, using a MEMS Scanner

Opportunities Suppliers of 3D Scanner

Components

Lasers/Projectors, Lenses,

Cameras, Software

Source: http://www.deskeng.com/articles/aaazje.htm

Third party scanning services.

Service providers that are able to

provide scanning services for a

range of requirements.

Specialist scanning service

providers,

○ eg healthcare.

Source: http://www.3dscanco.com/index.cfm

Source: http://www.atlanticlaserscanning.com/

51

Opportunities

“Secondary” Software

Developers Software that uses the point cloud

data from scanners.

○ Eg. Simulation software, QA software,

3D design software, animation

software.

Source: http://bestanimationsoftwarenow.com/

Suppliers of Computer

Numerical Control

Machines and 3D Printers Easy availability of point cloud data

increases “supply” of 3D models to

CNC machines.

Suppliers of raw materials to CNC

Machines and 3D Printers

Source: http://www.wired.com/design/2012/11/big-

3d-printers-euromold-2012/ 52

Opportunities

Suppliers of Computer

Accessories

Eg. specialized mouse,

touch pads, gesture control

interfaces, larger monitors,

etc.

Providers of

Specialized 3D

Modelling Services

Inspection of failures,

creation of new product

designs, etc.

Source: http://www.pixelsmithstudios.com/top-3d-

animation-software-that-professionals-should-look-at/

Source: http://www.digitaltrends.com/gadgets/best-

pc-accessories/

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Business

3D Scanners and their Economic Feasibility