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Condition and strategy of development of forest transportation network
in Ukraine
State Forest Resources Agency of Ukraine
Dr. Oleksii PRYSTAIAMember of the Board of the State
Forest Agency of Ukraine,,Emeritus Builder of Ukraine
e-mail [email protected] Tel. + 38 (067) 3120894
About 4,000 km of forest roads were constructed in 2007-2014, which increased their total length is 6%
The solution to the problem of forest infrastructure in Ukraine
One of the main problem of forestry of Ukraine’s forestry is insufficiently developed forest infrastructure
Forest roads in UkraineForest roads in Austria
The construction of forest roads
• The total length of forest roads in Ukraine is about 74 thousand km.
• The density of automobile roads in Ukraine - 7.7 km per 1 thousand ha.
• This is 5-7 times less than the best European indicators
• There are 40-55 km of roads per one thousand ha in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, France
The development of forest infrastructure is a priority of the government
• The need for construction of forest roads in Ukraine makes up about 250,000 km
• If you build a 3 thousand km of forest roads in Ukraine every year, the European indicators level will be reached in 75 years
Mountain forest roads are laid along the beds of rivers and streams
Destruction of roads laid along watercourses
Destruction of roads laid along watercourses
Destruction of roads laid along watercourses
Destruction and damage to bridges
Destruction and damage to bridges
Let's see how it looks in reality in countries such as:
• Germany• Turkey• Austria• France• Finland
Forest roads in Austria
Forest roads in Austria
Forest roads in Austria
Germany
Forest roads in Germany
The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
Forest roads in Germany
The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
Turkey
Forest roads in Turkey
Forest roads in Turkey
Finland
Forest roads in Finland The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
Forest roads in Finland The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
At the end of each forest road built in Finland there is a "loop" for logging vehicles to turn
The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
France
Forest roads in France
The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
Forest roads in France
The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
Forest roads in France
The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
Ukraine
Forest roads in Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
Forest roads in Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
Forest roads in Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
Forest roads in Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
A 7 km long forest road was built in 2007 at a height of 1500 m above sea level
Forest roads in Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
An 8 km long forest road built in 2007
Forest roads in Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
Part of built forest roads and designed road route
Forest roads in Ukraine
The yellow line on the slide with length of one kilometer distance is for comparison
Construction of forest roads in Ukraine was started in 2007
• 60 million USD was allocated from the budget for building forest roads in 2007
• For the money in that year 204 km of paved forest roads were built, including:
• - in The Carpathians -164 km• - in Polissya - 40 km
State funded construction of forest roads in Ukraine
• In 2007 – 60 mln. UAH .;• In 2008 - 160 mln. UAH., including:• - 70 mln. UAH - construction of forest roads;• - 90 mln. UAH - restoration of forest roads damaged by
flood in the Carpathians;• 2009 – No funds allocated from the budget;• 2010 -10 mln. UAH - construction of fire-prevention
forest roads;• 2011 -110 mln. UAH .;• 2012 -2013 - No funds allocated from the budget
Stages of a forest road construction in the plains
Stages of a forest road construction on marshes
Stages of a forest road construction in the mountains
Construction of forest roads by excavation technology
Soil "Sorting" during the roadbed construction of the forest roads
Under the fertile soil or peat there is always a layer of sand or clay mineral soils, sometimes with inclusions of stone, gravel.
So, we “change” fertile soil with mineral layer and move the fertile layer (humus, peat) into the ditch on the sides and reserves, where from the mineral soil was removed for the roadbed construction.
And we get a roadbed like this:
The fertile layer we move to the ditches, slopes and side reserves, and the "mined" mineral soil we use to build the
roadbed. This way is several times cheaper and faster than bringing
sand for the roadbed construction
We “change” sand for peat in the same way
We build the roadbed of sand, and move the peat to the slopes, ditches and side reserves, where the sand
was extracted from.
When the thickness of the peat layer is over 0.5 meter and the groundwater level is high the
roadbed is built of imported sand, after the peat has been removed.
Peat can be immediately loaded on trucks and transported. When the peat contains a lot of moisture it can be stored in the right of way and removed after draining the moisture, or can be flatten in the roadbed slopes, roadside ditches and reserves, where the material for the roadbed has been taken from.
Examples of roadbed in the swamp built of imported soil on the basis after the peat has been removed
During the roadbed construction "production standards" must be observed and the correct slope should be shaped from the very beginning
During the roadbed construction "production standards" must be observed and the correct slope should be
shaped from the very beginning
Laying the removed topsoil "grass up"
Laying the removed topsoil "grass up"
Few examples
Construction of forest roads in the "status" of repair
State Enterprise Bilikorovytske Forestry, 0602
June 25
October 26
State Enterprise Bilikorovytske Forestry, 0602
June 25
October 26
State Enterprise Bilikorovytske Forestry, 0602June 25
October 26
State Enterprise Berdichivske Forestry, 0603June 3 September 10
State Enterprise Horodnitske Forestry, 0604
June 25
October 27
State Enterprise Horodnitske Forestry, 0604June 22
October 27
State Enterprise Emilchinske Forestry, 0605June 15
October 27
"Loop" to turn the car at the end of the road - side view
"Loop" to turn at the end of the road car – view from the road
Charting forest roads routes on digital maps
Maps of forest roads (site of VO "Ukrdzherzhlisproekt")
http://www.lisproekt.gov.ua/index.php?id=28
Road track that is being built in real time on a regular map
On the topographical map (landscape)
On the satellite photo
On the volumetric satellite photo (3-D image)
Tracking the use of construction machinery
Experimental model of geographic information system for forest roads inventory
Created by UkrHirLis together with NLTUU and "Ukrderzhlisproekt" for State enterprise "Tsumanske forestry" based on ArcQGIS. It is planned to use this model as a basis for organizing the inventory of forest roads during forest management.
Involves the use of electronic maps of forest plantations, ortho photos, GIS database and digital maps of forest roads, descriptive information of separate buildings and their photos
• In 2013 Ukraine achieved the rate of forest road construction per unit of forest area that had been maintained in Finland during the last 50 years, leaving behind Russia in this issue even in absolute terms.
• Achieved rates should be preserved and in future we have to build at least 1,500 km of forest roads annually
• We now have everything necessary for this - knowledge, experience, equipment, technology, work system, political will and ability to earn money
Indexed plan of forest road construction in accordance with harvested volume
• Planed volume of building roads by lisgosp`s:– 2007 – 1 km for every 50 000 m3 harvested– 2008 – 1 km for every 40 000 m3 harvested– 2009 – 1 km for every 30 000 m3 harvested– 2010 – 1 km for every 25 000 m3 harvested– 2011 – 1 km for every 20 000 m3 harvested– 2012 – 1 km for every 15 000 m3 harvested– 2013 – 1 km for every 12 500 m3 harvested– 2014 and later – 1 km for every 10 000 m3 harvested
Results
• From 2007 till 2014 , 3980 km of forest roads was constructed in Ukraine, include:– In 2011 was constructed - 440 km, among them:
• 100 km financed by State budget;• 340 km financed by own money of lisgosp`s;
– In 2012 was constructed 942 km, – In 2013 was constructed 1132 km,– In 2014 was constructed 694 km, (doesn't fits a norm because
of war in Ukraine)
(in 2012 - 2014 all construction financed by own money of lisgosp`s)
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Economic return
• Investments in forestry roads, built in operational woods, as a rule returned from 3 to 5 years,
• In some cases these period was reduced to 1 year,
• In semi-operational woods economic return counted not only by price but also with its social and ecological advantages
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Thank you! Prystaya Oleksiy Dmytrovych,
Member of the Board of the State Forest Agency of Ukraine, Ph.D.,
Emeritus Builder of Ukrainee-mail [email protected]
Tel. + 38 (067) 3120894
