Brain computing or Brain Computer Interface

• Introduction

• History

• Early Work

• BCI versus Neuroprosthetics

• BCI Approaches

• Ethical considerations

• Advantages

• Disadvantages

• Applications

• Current Projects

• Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a fast-

growing emergent technology, in which

researchers aim to build a direct channel

between the human brain and the computer.

Hans Berger’s discovery of the electrical

activity of human brain

Development of EEG

Algorithms to reconstruct movements from

motor cortex neuron were developed in

1970’s.

First experiment on monkeys

Initial studies on rats in 1990’s

Neuroprosthetics connects nerveous system

with an external device

BCI connects brain (or nerveous system) with

computer system

Vision

Movement

Implanted directly into the grey matter of brain

Produces highest quality signals but prone to scar tissues which causes weaker or everlostsignals

Devices are implanted inside the skull but

rest outside the brain

Produce better resolution than non invasive

BCI

Lower risk of forming scar-tissue in brain

Devices are easy to wear

Poor signal resolution

Dispersing and blurring EM waves are

produced.

Mind-reading and privacy

Mind-control

Side-effects

Risk and benefit analysis

Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic

limbs

Transmit visual images to mind of blind

person…….means provide vision

Transmit auditory data to mind…..allows

deaf’s to hear

Game controlling…

Allows mute person to express the thoughts

via computer

Still beginning….

Current technology is crude

Ethical issues may prevent the development

Electrodes inside the skull produces scar tissues

Electrodes outside the skull can detect a few

signals

Bionics/Cybernetics

Memory Upload/Download

Dream Capture

Brain as a Computer

“Google Search” through brain

• BrainGate

• BCI2000

• Australian Bionic Eye

• Honda Asimo Control

• Kevin Warwick – The First Human Cyborg

• Gaming Control

• Many Others….

A Brain Computer Interface (BCI) is a

collaboration in which a brain accepts and

controls a mechanical device as a natural

part of its representation of the body.

• Computer-brain interfaces are designed to

restore sensory function, transmit sensory

information to the brain, or stimulate the

brain through artificially generated electrical

signals.