ANUP WADHEKAR

BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE

OBJECTIVES

WHAT IS BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE

NEED OF BRAIN MACHINE INTERFACE

MAIN PRINCIPLE AND WORKING

CHALLENGES

FUTURE EXPANSION

CONCLUSION

INTRODUCTION

Brain machine interfac e sometimes called a direct neural interface or brain–computer interface, is a direct communication link between a functioning human brain and the outside world.

BMI uses brain activity to command, control, actuate and communicate with the world directly through brain integration with peripheral devices and systems.

UNDERSTANDING BMI

The field of BMI has emerged mostly toward neuroprosthetics applications that aim at restoring damaged hearing, sight and movement.

WHY BMI

BMI PLATFORM

Main principle behind this interface is the bioelectrical activity of nerves and muscles.

Brain is composed of millions of neurons. When the neuron fires, or activates, there is a voltage change across the cell which generates signals on the surface of the brain. By monitoring and analyzing these signals we can understand the working of brain.

MAIN PRINCIPLE

Neural Interface Neural Signals

Signal Processing Algorithms/Command Extraction

Control Command

Vehicle State Signal

Sensors

Environmental Feedback

Directional

control

Brain-Controlled Vehicle

BLOCK DIAGRAM

IMPLANT DEVICE

SIGNAL PROCESSING SECTION

EXTERNAL DEVICE

FEEDBACK SECTION

Multichannel Acquisition Systems

Spike Detection

Signal Analysis

COMPONENTS OF BMI

EEG

ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG) IS MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL ACTIVITY PRODUCED BY BRAIN AS RECORDED FROM ELECTRODES PLACED ON THE SCALP.

IMPLANT DEVICE

The EEG is recorded with electrodes, which are placed on the scalp. Electrodes are small plates, which conduct electricity. They provide the electrical contact between the skin and the EEG recording apparatus.

Multichannel Acquisition Systems

At this section amplification, initial filtering of EEG signal and possible artifact removal takes place.

Spike Detection

Spike detection will allow the BMI to transmit only theaction potential waveforms and their respective arrival times instead of the sparse, raw signal in its entirety.

Signal Analysis

In this stage, certain features are extracted from the preprocessed and digitized EEG signal which are input to the classifier. Classifier recognize different mental tasks.

SIGNAL PROCESSING SECTION

EXTERNAL DEVICE

The classifier’s output is the input for the device control. The device control simply transforms the classification to a particular action.

Examples are robotic arm, thought controlled wheel chair etc

FEEDBACK DEVICE

Feedback is needed for learning and for control. Real-time feedback can dramatically improve the performance of a brain–machine interface.

1.Auditory and visual prosthesis

2.Functional-neuromuscular stimulation (FNS)

3.Prosthetic limb control

APPLICATIONS

CHALLENGES

ADVANCES LIMITATIONS

CHALLENGES Permanent damage to brain.

Virus attack on brain

Thought control and prediction of future thoughts.

Deletion or recording of memories.

LIMITATIONS The brain is incredibly complex.

The signals are weak and interference can happen.

There are chemical processes involved as well,which electrodes can’t pick up.

FUTURE EXPANSION

Thought-communication device.

Super intelligent machines- Cyborgs.

New research has demonstrated that it is possible for communication from person to person through the power of thought alone.This experiment goes a step further, with the aim was to expand the current limits of this technology and show that brain-to-brain (B2B) communication is possible.

A Cyborg is a Cybernetic Organism, part human part machine. In the years ahead we will witness machines with an intelligence more powerful than that of humans.This will mean that robots, not humans, make all the important decisions .This may bring dire consequences for humankind.

CONCLUSION

BMI’s will definitely have the ability to

change the way a person looks at the world by

giving people back their vision and hearing.

But the question is that What kind of people are

we becoming? Is someone with a synthetic eye, less

a person than someone without? Shall we process

signals like ultraviolet, X-rays, or ultrasounds as

robots do? These questions will not be answered in

the near future, but at some time they will have to

be answered. What an interesting day that will be.

THANK YOU !!!

ANY QUERIES??