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Health co-benefits and co-harms of reducing
indoor air-pollution in Sub Saharan Africa
Sustainable strategies to mitigate climate and improve public health in
developed and developing countries
International Scientific Conference
9th July 2015, Paris, France
Rasmila Kawan, Ali Sié, Issouf Traoré, Shelby Yamamoto,
Rainer Sauerborn Institute of Public health, Heidelberg University
Nouna Health Research Center, Burkina Faso (CRSN)
Indoor Air Pollution
http://practicalaction.org/images/smoke-333-200.jpg
Biomass burning -the single
most widely used fuel for
cooking and heating in Sub-
Saharan Africa
produce high levels of Climate
Active Pollutants, black carbon,
methane, Co2
Mitigating CAPs benefit
climate and health
simultaneously (Smith et al.
2009)
Aimed to measure the health Co-benefits and co-harms
of reducing indoor air pollution
Use of household level health data
Reduce the emissions of health damaging Climate Active
Pollutants such as black carbon, methane and carbon
dioxide via intervention of clean fuel, improved cook
stoves
Develop shared socio-economic pathways with local
stakeholders and relevant climate and health policy
makers
Research theme
Research theme
Focus on especially black carbon produced in indoor from
biomass fuel burning and effect on health and climate change
Measure the short-lived air pollutants esp. black carbon impacts
on atmospheric dynamics on regional and global scales
Modeling the future impact of black carbon by 2030, 2050, maybe
2100)
Analyze the costs and benefits of interventions in reducing black
carbon
• Emission control measures would have substantial co-
benefits for air quality and public health worldwide
• Approx. 98% of the deaths would be avoided if Black
carbon mitigation measures were implemented
(Annenberg et al 2012)
• Limiting emissions of Climate active pollutants would
have an even stronger short and long term impact on
climate change
Epidemiology
Modeling conducted by the Goddard Institute for Space Studies and the European Commission’s
Joint Research Center, UNEP/Shindell
Controlling Emissions
WHO 2012
3,7
4,3
0,0
0,5
1,0
1,5
2,0
2,5
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
Outdoor air pollution Indoor air pollution
De
ath
s i
n m
illi
on
Type of air pollution
Mortality from air pollution
http://www.southafrica.diplo.de/contentblob/3041112/Galeriebild_gross/477967/Biomass_Africa.jpg
Environmental co-benefit
Gender
co
-benefit
Co-harms
May act as a repellent discouraging malaria vectors from entering
and biting, which subsequently lowers the risk of the disease
(Yamamoto et al 2009)
an unintended consequence of
reducing biomass exposure
may be an increase in the risk
of malaria
Research and evidence
concerning this relationship
is weak http://beaconofhopeug.org/wp-
content/uploads/2013/08/mosquito-net.jpg
• Poor countries have not created the GHG stocks in the
atmosphere, rather, the rich countries have.
• Developing countries will emit more new GHGs than
industrialized countries
• Poor countries suffer most from health impact of climate
change
• They have the weakest adaptive capacity
• Very few climate scientists have an interest in health,
and vice versa
• The health motive can be the driver for committing to
change for citizens and policy makers (COP21)
The policy and the research
challenge
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