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MITIGATING AIR POLLUTION TO ACHIEVE HEALTH AND CLIMATE BENEFITS
Patrick L. Kinney
Professor and Director Climate and Health Program. Columbia University
July 9, 2015 Paris
Figure 2 Environmental-risk transition framework<ce:cross-ref refid="bib2"> 2 </ce:cross-ref>
Paul Wilkinson , Kirk R Smith , Michael Joffe , Andrew Haines The Lancet, Volume 370, Issue 9591, 2007, 965 - 978
Ambient air pollution is a growing
problem in developing cities, e.g.,
Accra, Ghana
Contrast with rich cities:
Less air pollution, but high CO2 emissions
Parallel Challenges
Transition to clean cooking fuels for the world’s poor, reducing household air pollution and associated severe health impacts and black carbon emissions, but with some increase in fossil fuel use.
Manage and improve ambient air pollution in rapidly developing cities, while enabling economic development.
Achieve major reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in the world’s richest countries.
Similar Sources for Greenhouse and Health-Relevant Air Pollutants
The Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and
Health Study (GRAPHS):
8/25/2015 8
Biolite LPG
Three Stone Fire
Global scale assessment of PM2.5-related cardiovascular deaths deaths vs. climate warming potential in 2020
Household Biofuel Burning
Industry
Agricultural Waste Burning Biomass Burning
Road Vehicles Household Fossil-Fuel Burning
Power Livestock
Off-Rd Transport
Agriculture Waste/LF Shipping Aviation 0
200 000
400 000
600 000
800 000
1 000 000
1 200 000
1 400 000
-0,12 -0,1 -0,08 -0,06 -0,04 -0,02 0 0,02 0,04 0,06 0,08 0,1
Car
dio
vasc
ula
r M
ort
alit
y B
urd
en
Temperature Change (C)
New York City’s Sustainability Plan: Cleaner
heating fuels leads to a striking decline in air
pollution levels
NYCCAS 2013 Trends and Health Report
www.nyc.gov/health/nyccas
Over time:
• 780 fewer deaths
• 1600 fewer ER visits
• 460 fewer
hospitlizations
Key Messages
• Energy use leads to adverse health and climate
impacts
• Developing countries are facing large health effects
due to household and transportation energy use
• Rich cities have made substantial progress on air
pollution, but emit unsustainable amounts of
greenhouse gases
• Solutions to air pollution and climate challenges call
for integrated strategies that maximize co-benefits
in both directions
