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MID-TERM PRESENTATION
BIO TERRORISM
RABIA ALAM (57523)AYESHA ISRAR (58722)EBADULLAH PERVAIZ()HAMZA KHAN() INSTRUCTOR:AFSHEEN ZEHRA
INTRODUCTION
What is Bioterrorism?
Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents. These agents are bacteria, viruses, or toxins, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form.
HISTORY OF BIOLOGICAL WARFARE:
1346 : siege of Kaffa; plague
1763 :French and Indian war; smallpox
Ww1 :German program; anthrax,glanders
1925 :Geneva protocol bans biological weapons
Ww2 :Japanese program;anthrax,plague,cholera,shigella
1946 :U.S announces involvement in bioweapons research
1984 :Rajneesh ult members contaminate salad bar with Salmonella typhimuriu in Oregon
1992 :Ricin attack planned by Minnesota militia
CLASSIFYING BIOTERROR AGENTS CLASS A
• Contagious
• High death rates and high health impact on the public
• ANTHRAX, BOTULISM, SMALLPOX, TULAREMIA, PLAGUE
CLASS B
• Moderately easy to spread
• Some illness & death rates
• TYPHUS, WATER SAFETY THREATS, SALMONELL A
CLASS C
• Easily available
• Easily produced and spread
• Have potential for high death & illness rates
• NIPAH VIRUS Hey look, a llama! Never can be too careful
TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS:
Tularemia or "rabbit fever"
Has a very low fatality rate if treated, but can severely incapacitate. The disease is caused by the Francisella tularemia bacterium, and can be contracted through contact with the fur, inhalation, ingestion of contaminated water or insect bites. Francisella tularemia is very infectious.
ANTHRAX:
Anthrax is a non-contagious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. An anthrax vaccine does exist but requires many injections for stable use. When discovered early, anthrax can be cured by administering antibiotics.
PLAGUE: Plague is a disease caused by the Yesinia
pestis bacterium. Rodents are the normal host of plague, and the disease is transmitted to humans by flea bites and occasionally by aerosol in the form of pneumonic plague.
Why use biological weapons?
These are characteristics agents used as biological weapons:
Invisible and microscopic
Difficult to trace
Easy to multiply and maintain
Very deadly
Simple laboratory techniques required to prepare these agents and may not required sophisticated apparatus
DISADVANTAGES: High risk of workers being contaminated
Living organism may be destroyed when incorporated with bombs and missiles (by heat)
Problem of dispersal and attack, difficult to deploy
Requires confirmation that the strains are pathogenic and diseases causing
Problems of acquisition for highly restricted microbes
How It become A Threat?
Because they can extremely difficult to detect
They do not cause illness for sevral hours to sevral days
Some bioterrorism agents like smallpox spread from person to person and some like athrax cannot.
Rapid evolution
The world is unaware
Long term consequenses
Spread from country to country
PREPAREDNESS:PREVENTATION:
Regulating environmental and agriculture condition to minimize condition
Limiting access to certain biological agents
Improving intelligence to uncover plans for biological and chemical attacks
DETECTION:
Health care providing training and education to improve diagnosis
Improve laboratory capabilities
Enhanced surveillance and epidiomolgy to detect outbreaks
Threat to economy
Threat to biodiversity and wild life
Physic social factors during bioterrorism
Threat to population size
Problems Faced:
Conclusion:
The threat of bioterrorism is real. To prepare for that we must educate our health care team, in corporate bioterrorism preparedness into disaster plans and support cooperation and communication between the public health departments and hospitals.
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