MID-TERM PRESENTATION

BIO TERRORISM

RABIA ALAM (57523)AYESHA ISRAR (58722)EBADULLAH PERVAIZ()HAMZA KHAN() INSTRUCTOR:AFSHEEN ZEHRA

INTRODUCTION

What is Bioterrorism?

Bioterrorism is terrorism involving the intentional release or dissemination of biological agents. These agents are bacteria, viruses, or toxins, and may be in a naturally occurring or a human-modified form.

HISTORY OF BIOLOGICAL WARFARE:

1346 : siege of Kaffa; plague

1763 :French and Indian war; smallpox

Ww1 :German program; anthrax,glanders

1925 :Geneva protocol bans biological weapons

Ww2 :Japanese program;anthrax,plague,cholera,shigella

1946 :U.S announces involvement in bioweapons research

1984 :Rajneesh ult members contaminate salad bar with Salmonella typhimuriu in Oregon

1992 :Ricin attack planned by Minnesota militia

 CLASSIFYING BIOTERROR AGENTS CLASS A

• Contagious

• High death rates and high health impact on the public

• ANTHRAX, BOTULISM, SMALLPOX, TULAREMIA, PLAGUE

CLASS B

• Moderately easy to spread

• Some illness & death rates

• TYPHUS, WATER SAFETY THREATS, SALMONELL A

CLASS C

• Easily available

• Easily produced and spread

• Have potential for high death & illness rates

• NIPAH VIRUS Hey look, a llama! Never can be too careful

TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL AGENTS:

Tularemia or "rabbit fever"

Has a very low fatality rate if treated, but can severely incapacitate. The disease is caused by the Francisella tularemia bacterium, and can be contracted through contact with the fur, inhalation, ingestion of contaminated water or insect bites. Francisella tularemia is very infectious.

ANTHRAX:

Anthrax is a non-contagious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. An anthrax vaccine does exist but requires many injections for stable use. When discovered early, anthrax can be cured by administering antibiotics.

PLAGUE: Plague is a disease caused by the Yesinia

pestis bacterium. Rodents are the normal host of plague, and the disease is transmitted to humans by flea bites and occasionally by aerosol in the form of pneumonic plague.

Why use biological weapons?

These are characteristics agents used as biological weapons:

Invisible and microscopic

Difficult to trace

Easy to multiply and maintain

Very deadly

Simple laboratory techniques required to prepare these agents and may not required sophisticated apparatus

DISADVANTAGES: High risk of workers being contaminated

Living organism may be destroyed when incorporated with bombs and missiles (by heat)

Problem of dispersal and attack, difficult to deploy

Requires confirmation that the strains are pathogenic and diseases causing

Problems of acquisition for highly restricted microbes

How It become A Threat?

Because they can extremely difficult to detect

They do not cause illness for sevral hours to sevral days

Some bioterrorism agents like smallpox spread from person to person and some like athrax cannot.

Rapid evolution

The world is unaware

Long term consequenses

Spread from country to country

PREPAREDNESS:PREVENTATION:

Regulating environmental and agriculture condition to minimize condition

Limiting access to certain biological agents

Improving intelligence to uncover plans for biological and chemical attacks

DETECTION:

Health care providing training and education to improve diagnosis

Improve laboratory capabilities

Enhanced surveillance and epidiomolgy to detect outbreaks

Threat to economy

Threat to biodiversity and wild life

Physic social factors during bioterrorism

Threat to population size

Problems Faced:

Conclusion:

The threat of bioterrorism is real. To prepare for that we must educate our health care team, in corporate bioterrorism preparedness into disaster plans and support cooperation and communication between the public health departments and hospitals.

THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME !

Any questions?