Grammar book 2

Grammar Book 2Timotea Parisio

S2H 6th

Table of Contents

• Imperfect• Preterite –car,gar,zar –spock –cucaracha –

snake/snakey• Modal Verbs• Adverbs• Progressive Tense –Present –Past• Future –irregular • Supperlatives• Formal Commands• Prepositions• Conditional• Demonstratives

Imperfect VERB FORMS

REGULAR

Hablar Comer Escribir

HablabaHablabasHablabaHablábamosHablabaisHablaban

-Yo-Tú-Él/Ella/ Ud.-Nosotros-VosotrosEllos/ellas/Uds

ComíaComíasComíaComíamosComíaisComían

EscribíaEscribíasEscribíaEscribíamosEscribíaisEscribían

IMPERFECT

El Pretérito; -car, -gar, -zar

• Tocar: toqué, tocaste, tocó, tocamos, tocaron

• Jugar: jugué, jugaste, jugó, jugamos, jugaron

• Comenzar: comencé, comenzaste, comenzó, comenzamos, comenzaron

-car,-gar,-zar• Regular verbs with these endings have a

spelling change in the yo form to keep the sound of the verb.

-car yo -qué

-gar yo -gué

-zar yo -cé

BECOMESSacar cqu (yo)saqué Yo saqué la basura.Pagar ggu (yo)pagué Yo pagué dos dólares. Empezar zc (yo)empecé Yo empecé un trabajo nuevo.

SPOCK

HACER

IRSE

R

DAR

VER

D/V: I,iste,io, imos, ieron

Fui,fuiste, fue,fuimos,fueron

Hice, hicista, hizo, hicimos, hicieron

CUCARACHAAndarEstarPoderPonerQuererSaberTenerVenir

AnduvEstuvPudPusQuisSupTuvVin

YoTúÉl,ella,ustedNosotrosvosotros

EIsteOImosisteis

DecirTraerConducirProducirTraducir

DijTrajCondujProdujtraduj

Drop the i on ieron

SNAKE/SNAKEY

Dormir~Dormí~Dormimos~Dormiste~Durmió~Dumieron

Leer~Leí~Leimos~Leiste~Leyó~Leyeron

Modal Verbs:• Ir+infinitive (going to do something)• Poder+infinitive (are able to do

something)• Querer+infinitive (want to do something)• Deber+infinitive (should do something)• Tenerque+infinitive (to have to do

something)• Soler+infinitive (to be accustomed to)

Adverbs• Always agree in gender and

number with the noun they modify

• Always come in front of the noun they modify

• Singular: ~Este/Esta(this) ~Ese/Esa(that) ~Aquel/Aquella(that

over there)• Plural: ~Estos/Estas(these) ~Esos/Esas(those)

Progressive Tense• Estart ando/iendo/yendo

• Present Progressive: Estoy hablando a ti- I am talking to you

• Past Imperfect Progressive: Estaba hablando a ti- I was talking to

you

creer

leeruirir

Future (Irregular)

“WILL”

Infinitive +

ĒĀsĀEmosĀ

Mañana, yo irē a la escuela

Superlatives Use when trying to say that something has the most or least of a certain quality

Menos + adjective (the

least…)

Más + adjective (the most...)

Luis es el más alto.

Sophia es la menos agardable.

EXS:

Formal Commands

• The formal commands are formed the same way as the present subjunctive:

1. Start with the yo form of the present indicative.

2. Then drop the -o ending.3. Finally, add the following endings:• -ar verbs:

-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.)• -er and -ir verbs:

-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)

Prepositions

• A preposition is a type of word that is used to form a phrase; the phrase in turn functions as an adjective or adverb.

EXAMPLE:English: I (subject) am going (verb) to

(preposition) the store (prepositional object).

Spanish: Yo (subject) voy (verb) a (preposition) la tienda (prepositional object).

Conditional• Used to express probability, possibility, wonder or conjecture, and

is usually translated as would, could, must have or probablyEMAPLE: The student said that he would study one more hour.

(probability, possibility)What time could it have been? (wonder, conjecture)He must have been at home. (wonder, conjecture)We were probably busy when you called. (probability, possibility)

• To conjugate regular -ar, -er and -ir verbs in the conditional, add one of the following to the infintive:

• íaíasíaíamosíaisían

Demonstratives

SM SF PM PF

ESE ESA ESOS ESAS

ESTE ESTA ESTOS ESTAS

AQUEL AQUELLA AQUELLOS AQUELLAS

• Eso, esto, aquello are neuter(refer to specific situations or ideas, not to specific nouns)•Accent marks denotes pronouns which take the place of a noun•All demonstratives always agree in gender and number of the noun it modifies