Dam Construction

DAM CONSTRUCTION

Dam Construction -is a barrier that impounds water or

underground streams.

Arch dams Gravity dams Arch- gravity dams Barrages dams Embankments dams

Arch dams

-The most desirable place for an arch dams is a narrow canyon with steep side wall abutments

Two types:

Constant-radius damConstant-angle dam

Gravity dams

- Classified as ‘solid’ or ‘hollow’ and made either concrete or masonry.-The force that holds the dam in place against the push from the water in earth’s gravity pulling down on the mass of the dam.- can prove to be a better alternative to other types of dam.

Arch-gravity dams

- for areas with massive amounts of water flow less material available for a purely gravity dam.

Barrages dams

- is a special kind of dam which consist of a line of large gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water passing the dam.

Embankment dams

-are made from compacted earth, and have two main types; rock -fill and earth –fill dams.-rely on their weight to hold back the force of water, like gravity dams made from concrete.

Common purposes

Power generation Water supply Stabilize water flow/irrigation Flood prevention Land reclamation Water diversion Navigation Recreation and aquatic beauty

Flooding

Flooding - is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land.

The word ‘ flood’ comes from old English ‘flod’ ( float , flow )

As flood as a covering by water of land not normally covered by water, “ Flowing water”. Flooding may result from the volume of water w/in a body of water, such as lakes or rivers, which overflows or breaks levees w/ the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries.

Principles and causes

Revering Estuarine Coastal Catastrophic Human-induced Muddy other

Effects:

Primary effects

Secondary effects

Tertiary and Long-term effects

- physical damage

- Water supplies- Diseases - Crops and food supplies- Trees- Transport

- Economic

Groundwater

Groundwater - is water that comes from the ground

comes form the ground is even used to irrigate crops w/c grows food. comes from rain, snow, sleet and hail that soaks into the ground. the area that filled w/ water is called the saturated zone and the

top zone is called the water table. an area that holds a lot of water, w/c can be pumped up w/ a

well is called an aquifer.

Note: Most groundwater is clean but groundwater can become polluted or contaminated.

The End......

Prepared by: Continedo, Ma. Mieden D.

BSED- Bio Sci II