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Created by Ma. Maiden Continedo from University of Southeastern Philippines taking Bachelor of Science in Secondary Education Major in Biological Science.
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DAM CONSTRUCTION
Dam Construction -is a barrier that impounds water or
underground streams.
Arch dams Gravity dams Arch- gravity dams Barrages dams Embankments dams
Arch dams
-The most desirable place for an arch dams is a narrow canyon with steep side wall abutments
Two types:
Constant-radius damConstant-angle dam
Gravity dams
- Classified as ‘solid’ or ‘hollow’ and made either concrete or masonry.-The force that holds the dam in place against the push from the water in earth’s gravity pulling down on the mass of the dam.- can prove to be a better alternative to other types of dam.
Arch-gravity dams
- for areas with massive amounts of water flow less material available for a purely gravity dam.
Barrages dams
- is a special kind of dam which consist of a line of large gates that can be opened or closed to control the amount of water passing the dam.
Embankment dams
-are made from compacted earth, and have two main types; rock -fill and earth –fill dams.-rely on their weight to hold back the force of water, like gravity dams made from concrete.
Common purposes
Power generation Water supply Stabilize water flow/irrigation Flood prevention Land reclamation Water diversion Navigation Recreation and aquatic beauty
Flooding
Flooding - is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land.
The word ‘ flood’ comes from old English ‘flod’ ( float , flow )
As flood as a covering by water of land not normally covered by water, “ Flowing water”. Flooding may result from the volume of water w/in a body of water, such as lakes or rivers, which overflows or breaks levees w/ the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries.
Principles and causes
Revering Estuarine Coastal Catastrophic Human-induced Muddy other
Effects:
Primary effects
Secondary effects
Tertiary and Long-term effects
- physical damage
- Water supplies- Diseases - Crops and food supplies- Trees- Transport
- Economic
Groundwater
Groundwater - is water that comes from the ground
comes form the ground is even used to irrigate crops w/c grows food. comes from rain, snow, sleet and hail that soaks into the ground. the area that filled w/ water is called the saturated zone and the
top zone is called the water table. an area that holds a lot of water, w/c can be pumped up w/ a
well is called an aquifer.
Note: Most groundwater is clean but groundwater can become polluted or contaminated.
The End......
Prepared by: Continedo, Ma. Mieden D.
BSED- Bio Sci II