Chapter 1Into the Internet
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- 1. Discovering the InternetComplete Concepts and
Techniques,Second Edition Chapter 1: Into the Internet
- 2. Objectives
- Describe how the Internet is used
- Discuss the history of the Internet and the World Wide Web
- Describe how individuals and businesses connect to the
Internet
- 3. Defining the Internet
- The Internet is a worldwide network of computers that allows
individual and business users to share information and other
resources
- The Internet is an interconnected network of networks where
each Internet host has a number of other computers connected to
it
- Users who connect to the Internet to access information are
online
- 4. The Internet is a worldwide network of networks.
- 5. Using the Internet
- The Internet has profoundly changed nearly every aspect of life
by revolutionizing how individuals and businesses
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- Access information and electronic files
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- Communication personally and professionally
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- Shop for products and services
- 6. People use the Internet for many different purposes.
- 7. Using the Internet (cont'd)
- 8. Using the Internet (cont'd)
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- Browsing and searching for information on the World Wide Web
(Web)
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- Communicating with others via e-mail, chat, newsgroups, and
mailing lists
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- Downloading and uploading files
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- Logging on to remote computers
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- Conducting business activities
- 9. Using the Internet (cont'd)
- Internet Activities the Web
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- Web pages created using HTML or Web authoring software and
connected by hyperlinks
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- Web site groups of related Web pages
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- College, university, corporate, retail, non-profit,
personal
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- Web server computer on which Web pages are stored
- 10. Using the Internet (cont'd)
- Internet Activities - Web (cont'd)
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- Web browser software used to view Web pages
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- Used to browse or "surf" the Web
- 11. Web sites include college and university,corporate, retail,
non-profit, and personal sites.
- 12. Web pages are connected by text or graphic hyperlinks.
- 13. Using the Internet (cont'd)
- Internet Activities (cont'd)
-
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- Web-based resource to help find specific information on the
Web
- 14. Using the Internet (cont'd)
- Internet Activities (cont'd)
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- E-mail- sending messages and files over a local computer
network or the Internet
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- Instant messaging exchanging brief real-time messages with
others on the Internet
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- Chat real-time online discussions between two or more
individuals
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- Mailing lists online newsletters
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- Newsgroups online bulletin boards
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- Weblogs (blogs) Internet diaries
- 15. The Internet offers several ways for people to
communicate.
- 16. Using the Internet (cont'd)
- Internet Activities (cont'd)
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- Downloading and uploading files using FTP to send or retrieve
electronic files from a server
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- Logging on to a remote computer using Telnet to log on to a
remote computer to use its computing power
- 17. FTP is used to download and upload files.
- 18. Using the Internet (cont'd)
- Internet Activities (cont'd)
-
- Conducting businessactivities
- 19. History of the Internet
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- Department of Defense founded ARPA to promote computer and
scientific research (1958)
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- J.C.R. Licklider headed computer and information research
(1962)
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- Leonard Kleinrock developed packet switching (1966)
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- ARPANET prototype network connecting ARPA and university
research centers (1969)
- 20. History of the Internet (cont'd)
- Growth and Development of ARPANET
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- Ray Tomlinson developed e-mail (1971)
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- Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed standard or protocol for
communications over a network TCP and IP (1972)
- Beyond Research, to the Public
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- NSFnet replaced ARPANET (1985)
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- Congress authorized commercial activity on the NSFnet
(1992)
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- NSFnet moved connections to commercial network providers
(1995)
- 21. The AT&T Backbone.
- 22. History of the Internet (cont'd)
- The Beginnings and Rise of the Web
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- Gopher at University of Minnesota
-
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- Made it easier to find documents on Internet-connected
servers
- 23. History of the Internet (cont'd)
- The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd)
-
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- Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
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- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
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- First Web browser and Web server
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- Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina (1993)
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- Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark (1994)
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- Netscape Communications and Netscape Navigator browser
- 24. Berners-Lees original WorldWideWeb browserand HTML
documents.
- 25. History of the Internet (cont'd)
- The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd)
- 26. Connecting to the Internet
- Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
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- Provide access to the Internet
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- Considerations for choosing an ISP
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- Speed and type of connection desired
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- Availability of customer service and technical support
- 27. Thousands of local, regional, and national ISPs offer a
variety of services.
- 28. Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)
-
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- Computer uses standard telephone lines and a modem to access
the Internet
- 29. Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)
- Connection Methods (cont'd)
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- Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
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- An always on high-speed Internet connection over standard
telephone lines
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- Broadband transmission splitting telephone wire into data and
voice
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- Requires firewall protection to prevent intrusion by
outsiders
- 30. Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)
- Connection Methods (cont'd)
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- An always on high-speed Internet connection over cable TV
lines
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- Cable modem and line splitter required
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- Firewall protection needed
- 31. Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)
- Connection Methods (cont'd)
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- Fixed wireless connections
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- Line-of-sight transmission
- 32. Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)
- Connection Methods (cont'd)
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- Fixed wireless connections (cont'd)
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- One way or two way satellite transmissions
- 33. Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)
- Connection Methods (cont'd)
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- Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies to connect to
networks
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- Wireless access point hardware that connects wireless devices
to a network
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- Hotspot specific geographic location in which a wireless access
point provides public Internet access
- 34. Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)
- Connection Methods (cont'd)
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- GSM/GPRS card installed in a computer to allow it to connect to
a wireless network
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- Cell phones, PDAs, tablet PCs can connect to the Internet
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- High-Speed Business Connections
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- Businesses typically use high-speed fiber-optic cable such as a
T1 line connected to their local area network to provide Internet
access to employees
- 35. Chapter Review
- The Internet is a worldwide network of networks
- The Internet allows individuals to communicate, access
information, and purchase products and services from online stores
or other individuals
- Businesses use the Internet and the Web to conduct a variety of
business transactions
- 36. Chapter Review (cont'd)
- People of all ages and interests use the Internet for school,
work, hobbies, and personal enrichment
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- Search the Web for specific information
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- Send e-mail or participate in mailing lists, newsgroups, blogs,
and online chat
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- Upload and download files
- 37. Chapter Review (cont'd)
- The Internet has its origins in ARPANET, a research network
developed by ARPA under the auspices of the Department of
Defense
- Scientists developed and used packet switching technologies and
the TCP and IP protocols that allow communications over and between
networks
- 38. Chapter Review (cont'd)
- Some scientists instrumental in the development of early
network technologies
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- J. C. R. Licklider concept of Internet
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- Leonard Kleinrock packet switching
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- Robert Kahn TCP and IP protocols
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- Vinton Cerf TCP and IP protocols
- 39. Chapter Review (cont'd)
- The Web is a subset of the Internet consisting of Web pages
containing text and multimedia content
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- Related Web pages are grouped together in a Web site
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- Web pages are stored on a Web server
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- Web pages are viewed with a Web browser
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- Web pages are linked together via hyperlinks
- Tim Berners-Lee is the father of the Web
- 40. Chapter Review (cont'd)
- The National Science Foundation (NSF) developed NSFnet to
replace ARPANET
- NSF turned research and commercial portions of NSFnet over to
commercial network providers creating the Internet as we know it
today
- 41. Chapter Review (cont'd)
- Home computers can be connected to the Internet via
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- DSL high-speed telephone access
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- Fixed wireless connections
- DSL and cable access are always on connections
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- Should be protected by a firewall
- 42. Chapter Review (cont'd)
- When choosing an ISP, key considerations include the cost of
the equipment and monthly subscription, as well as the connection
speed
- Businesses require high speeds and large capacity lines such as
T1, T3, or other fiber-optic connections from local area network to
their Internet Service Provider (ISP)
- 43. Chapter 1 Complete Into the Internet