1. Discovering the InternetComplete Concepts and
Techniques,Second Edition Chapter 1: Into the Internet
2. Objectives
Define the Internet
Describe how the Internet is used
Discuss the history of the Internet and the World Wide Web
Describe how individuals and businesses connect to the
Internet
3. Defining the Internet
The Internet is a worldwide network of computers that allows
individual and business users to share information and other
resources
The Internet is an interconnected network of networks where
each Internet host has a number of other computers connected to
it
Users who connect to the Internet to access information are
online
4. The Internet is a worldwide network of networks.
5. Using the Internet
The Internet has profoundly changed nearly every aspect of life
by revolutionizing how individuals and businesses
Access information and electronic files
Communication personally and professionally
Shop for products and services
Share resources
6. People use the Internet for many different purposes.
7. Using the Internet (cont'd)
Who Uses the Internet?
Students
Businesses
Professionals
Homemakers
Retirees
Hobbyists
Consumers
8. Using the Internet (cont'd)
Internet Activities
Browsing and searching for information on the World Wide Web
(Web)
Communicating with others via e-mail, chat, newsgroups, and
mailing lists
Downloading and uploading files
Logging on to remote computers
Conducting business activities
Blogging
9. Using the Internet (cont'd)
Internet Activities the Web
Web pages created using HTML or Web authoring software and
connected by hyperlinks
Web site groups of related Web pages
College, university, corporate, retail, non-profit,
personal
Web server computer on which Web pages are stored
10. Using the Internet (cont'd)
Internet Activities - Web (cont'd)
Web browser software used to view Web pages
Used to browse or "surf" the Web
11. Web sites include college and university,corporate, retail,
non-profit, and personal sites.
12. Web pages are connected by text or graphic hyperlinks.
13. Using the Internet (cont'd)
Internet Activities (cont'd)
Search tools
Web-based resource to help find specific information on the
Web
14. Using the Internet (cont'd)
Internet Activities (cont'd)
E-mail- sending messages and files over a local computer
network or the Internet
Instant messaging exchanging brief real-time messages with
others on the Internet
Chat real-time online discussions between two or more
individuals
Mailing lists online newsletters
Newsgroups online bulletin boards
Weblogs (blogs) Internet diaries
15. The Internet offers several ways for people to
communicate.
16. Using the Internet (cont'd)
Internet Activities (cont'd)
Downloading and uploading files using FTP to send or retrieve
electronic files from a server
Music, video, data
Logging on to a remote computer using Telnet to log on to a
remote computer to use its computing power
17. FTP is used to download and upload files.
18. Using the Internet (cont'd)
Internet Activities (cont'd)
Conducting businessactivities
E-commerce
E-business models
B2C
B2B
B2E
C2C
19. History of the Internet
Origins in ARPANET
Department of Defense founded ARPA to promote computer and
scientific research (1958)
J.C.R. Licklider headed computer and information research
(1962)
Leonard Kleinrock developed packet switching (1966)
ARPANET prototype network connecting ARPA and university
research centers (1969)
20. History of the Internet (cont'd)
Growth and Development of ARPANET
Ray Tomlinson developed e-mail (1971)
Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed standard or protocol for
communications over a network TCP and IP (1972)
Beyond Research, to the Public
NSFnet replaced ARPANET (1985)
Congress authorized commercial activity on the NSFnet
(1992)
NSFnet moved connections to commercial network providers
(1995)
21. The AT&T Backbone.
22. History of the Internet (cont'd)
The Beginnings and Rise of the Web
Gopher at University of Minnesota
Directory-based system
Made it easier to find documents on Internet-connected
servers
23. History of the Internet (cont'd)
The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd)
Tim Berners-Lee (1991)
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
First Web browser and Web server
Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina (1993)
MOSAIC browser
Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark (1994)
Netscape Communications and Netscape Navigator browser
24. Berners-Lees original WorldWideWeb browserand HTML
documents.
25. History of the Internet (cont'd)
The Beginnings and Rise of the Web (cont'd)
New research networks
Internet2 (I2)
CANARIE
26. Connecting to the Internet
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
Provide access to the Internet
Considerations for choosing an ISP
Speed and type of connection desired
Cost of service
Availability of customer service and technical support
27. Thousands of local, regional, and national ISPs offer a
variety of services.
28. Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)
Connection Methods
Dial-up
Computer uses standard telephone lines and a modem to access
the Internet
Mostly home users
29. Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)
Connection Methods (cont'd)
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
An always on high-speed Internet connection over standard
telephone lines
Broadband transmission splitting telephone wire into data and
voice
Requires firewall protection to prevent intrusion by
outsiders
Home
Businesses
30. Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)
Connection Methods (cont'd)
Cable
An always on high-speed Internet connection over cable TV
lines
Cable modem and line splitter required
Firewall protection needed
31. Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)
Connection Methods (cont'd)
Fixed wireless connections
Microwave
Line-of-sight transmission
32. Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)
Connection Methods (cont'd)
Fixed wireless connections (cont'd)
One way or two way satellite transmissions
33. Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)
Connection Methods (cont'd)
Mobile Wireless
Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) technologies to connect to
networks
Wireless access point hardware that connects wireless devices
to a network
Hotspot specific geographic location in which a wireless access
point provides public Internet access
34. Connecting to the Internet (cont'd)
Connection Methods (cont'd)
Mobile Wireless (cont'd)
GSM/GPRS card installed in a computer to allow it to connect to
a wireless network
Cell phones, PDAs, tablet PCs can connect to the Internet
High-Speed Business Connections
Businesses typically use high-speed fiber-optic cable such as a
T1 line connected to their local area network to provide Internet
access to employees
35. Chapter Review
The Internet is a worldwide network of networks
The Internet allows individuals to communicate, access
information, and purchase products and services from online stores
or other individuals
Businesses use the Internet and the Web to conduct a variety of
business transactions
36. Chapter Review (cont'd)
People of all ages and interests use the Internet for school,
work, hobbies, and personal enrichment
Browse the Web
Search the Web for specific information
Send e-mail or participate in mailing lists, newsgroups, blogs,
and online chat
Upload and download files
37. Chapter Review (cont'd)
The Internet has its origins in ARPANET, a research network
developed by ARPA under the auspices of the Department of
Defense
Scientists developed and used packet switching technologies and
the TCP and IP protocols that allow communications over and between
networks
38. Chapter Review (cont'd)
Some scientists instrumental in the development of early
network technologies
J. C. R. Licklider concept of Internet
Leonard Kleinrock packet switching
Robert Kahn TCP and IP protocols
Vinton Cerf TCP and IP protocols
Ray Tomlinson e-mail
39. Chapter Review (cont'd)
The Web is a subset of the Internet consisting of Web pages
containing text and multimedia content
Related Web pages are grouped together in a Web site
Web pages are stored on a Web server
Web pages are viewed with a Web browser
Web pages are linked together via hyperlinks
Tim Berners-Lee is the father of the Web
40. Chapter Review (cont'd)
The National Science Foundation (NSF) developed NSFnet to
replace ARPANET
NSF turned research and commercial portions of NSFnet over to
commercial network providers creating the Internet as we know it
today
41. Chapter Review (cont'd)
Home computers can be connected to the Internet via
Dial-up telephone access
DSL high-speed telephone access
Cable access
Fixed wireless connections
DSL and cable access are always on connections
Should be protected by a firewall
42. Chapter Review (cont'd)
When choosing an ISP, key considerations include the cost of
the equipment and monthly subscription, as well as the connection
speed
Businesses require high speeds and large capacity lines such as
T1, T3, or other fiber-optic connections from local area network to
their Internet Service Provider (ISP)
