What is Leader and Leadership

LEADERSHIP:LEADERSHIP:Theory, Application, Skill Theory, Application, Skill

DevelopmentDevelopment

2d Edition2d Edition

Robert N. Lussier Robert N. Lussier and Christopher F. Achuaand Christopher F. Achua

This presentation edited and enhanced by: This presentation edited and enhanced by:

George W. CrawfordGeorge W. CrawfordAsst. Prof. of Mgmt.Asst. Prof. of Mgmt.

Clayton College & State UniversityClayton College & State UniversityMorrow, GA 30260Morrow, GA 30260

georgecrawford@mail.clayton.edugeorgecrawford@mail.clayton.edu

Chapter 1Chapter 1

Who Is A Who Is A Leader?Leader?

Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes• 5 key elements of leadership5 key elements of leadership• 10 managerial roles10 managerial roles• Levels of leadership analysis Levels of leadership analysis

interrelationshipinterrelationship•Behavioral leadership theoriesBehavioral leadership theories• Trait & behavioral leadership Trait & behavioral leadership

theories and contingency theories and contingency theoriestheories

Why Leadership Why Leadership is Importantis Important

•For crisis situationsFor crisis situations•For organizational For organizational

performanceperformance•For employee job For employee job

satisfactionsatisfaction•For successful managementFor successful management

Leadership is the Leadership is the influencing influencing process of process of

leaders and leaders and followers to followers to

achieve achieve organizational organizational

objectives objectives through changethrough change

InfluenceInfluence• Is the process of a leader Is the process of a leader

communicating ideas, communicating ideas, gaining acceptance of gaining acceptance of them, and motivating them, and motivating followers to support and followers to support and implement the ideas implement the ideas through changethrough change

• Is the essence of leadershipIs the essence of leadership

Effective LeadersEffective Leaders•Share leadership Share leadership

responsibilities through co-responsibilities through co-leadershipleadership

•Teach leadership skills to Teach leadership skills to subordinatessubordinates

• Influence followers to Influence followers to support organizational support organizational interestsinterests

Effective LeadersEffective Leaders

•Set objectivesSet objectives•Influence change for Influence change for continual continual improvementimprovement

•Can work with peopleCan work with people1-8

Key Elements of Key Elements of LeadershipLeadership

LeadershipLeadership

InfluenceInfluence

OrganizationalOrganizationalObjectivesObjectives

PeoplePeopleChangeChange

Leaders-Leaders-FollowersFollowers

Managerial RolesManagerial Roles

InterpersonalInterpersonalInterpersonalInterpersonal

InformationalInformationalInformationalInformational

DecisionalDecisionalDecisionalDecisional

1. Figurehead2. Leader3. Liaison

4. Monitor5. Disseminator6. Spokesperson

7. Entrepreneur8. Disturbance-handler9. Resource-allocator10. Negotiator

3 Levels of 3 Levels of Leadership Leadership

AnalysisAnalysis

IndividualIndividual

GroupGroup

Organizational

Individual LevelIndividual Level

•Focuses on the individual Focuses on the individual leader and the relationship leader and the relationship with individual followerswith individual followers

•Called the “dyadic Called the “dyadic process”process”

•Reciprocal InfluenceReciprocal Influence

Group LevelGroup Level

•Focuses on the individual Focuses on the individual leader and the collective leader and the collective group of followersgroup of followers

•Called the “group process”Called the “group process”•How leader contributes to How leader contributes to

group effectivenessgroup effectiveness

Organizational LevelOrganizational Level

•Focuses on how the top Focuses on how the top management influences management influences organizational organizational performanceperformance

•Called the Called the “organizational process”“organizational process”

BehavioralBehavioral IntegrativeIntegrative

TraitTrait ContingencyContingency

The 4 Leadership The 4 Leadership Theory Theory

Classifications Classifications Include:Include:

The 4 Leadership The 4 Leadership Theory Theory

Classifications Classifications Include:Include:

Leadership Trait Leadership Trait TheoriesTheoriesAttempt to explain Attempt to explain

distinctive distinctive characteristics characteristics accounting for accounting for

leadership leadership effectiveness to effectiveness to identify a set of identify a set of

traits that all traits that all successful leaders successful leaders

possesspossess 1-16

Behavioral Behavioral Leadership TheoriesLeadership Theories

Attempt to explain Attempt to explain distinctive styles distinctive styles used by effective used by effective leaders, or to leaders, or to define the nature define the nature of their workof their work

Contingency Contingency Leadership TheoriesLeadership Theories

Attempt to Attempt to explain the explain the

appropriate appropriate

leadership styleleadership style

based on the based on the leader, leader,

followers, followers,

and situationand situation1-18

Integrative Integrative Leadership TheoriesLeadership Theories

Attempt to Attempt to combine the trait, combine the trait,

behavioral, and behavioral, and contingency contingency

theories to explain theories to explain successful, successful, influencinginfluencing

leader-follower leader-follower relationshipsrelationships1-19

Paradigm Has Paradigm Has Shifted From Shifted From Management Management

to Leadership!to Leadership!

Leaders vs. Leaders vs. ManagersManagersLeaders

• Innovate• Develop• Inspire• Long-term view• Ask “what & why”• Originate• Challenge status

quo• Do the right things

Managers• Administer• Maintain• Control• Short-term view• Ask “how &

when”• Imitate• Accept status quo• Do things right

Discussion Question Discussion Question #1#1

What is the difference between peer-leadership and coleadership?

Do you agree that, in general, mean or tough bosses are not successful leaders?

Are leaders born or made?

Why does the leadership role pervade all management behavior?

How is the monitor role related to the disseminator and spokesperson roles?

What is the key difference between the entrepreneur and disturbance-handler role?

Do you agree with the interrelationship, and triangle analogy, of the levels of leadership analysis?

How can the shift in paradigm from management to leadership possibly help-and hurt- the management profession?

Can a person develop critical-thinking skills of applying the leadership theory and develop leadership skills without understanding the leadership theory?

What is Leader and Leadership

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