Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll.com European...

Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 www.wll.com 7560 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879mikev@wll.com

European Union

CE标志CE MARKING

• CE Marking is for European Union• EMC Directive• Low Voltage Directive (Safety)• Machinery Directive (Safety)• Radio and Telecommunications Terminal

Equipment Directive (R&TTE)• Self-Declaration allowed for many products

European Market

• Sector covered by EMC Directive 250 b€• R&TTE equipment: 58 b € /year in the EU in 1998

– Machinery market: >250 b € /year– Telecommunication Services: 200 b € /year in 1999

DEFINITIONS

• EMC: Electromagnetic Compatibility– Emissions: Unwanted radiated and conducted

electrical energy– Immunity: Undesirable response to external

electrical energy

• Product Safety– Protection from Electrical, Mechanical, Fire and

Chemical Hazards

FOR ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS: EMC and PRODUCT SAFETY

In addition, devices may also have spectrum allocation and control requirements (e.g., FCC Approvals)

TERMS & DEFINITIONS• European Directive

– Legal Document adopted by EC Council of Ministers

• European Norm (EN)– Common Standard used by all EU countries

• Standards are based on existing standards (CISPR, IEC)

TERMS & DEFINITIONS• Competent Body

– Appointed by each member state to review Technical Construction Files and generate Certificates of Conformity

– Must demonstrate competence in the area of the Directive– Approved by member state National Authority

• Notified Body– Same credentials as competent body, but can test and issue

EC-Type Examination Certificates– Required for Telecommunications, safety of medical devices– “Notified” means that the organization has been “officially

announced” to the EC and other states by National Authority

EUROPEAN DIRECTIVESMany Types of Products

DirectiveLow Voltage (73/23/EEC)Simple Pressure Vessels (87/404/EEC)Toy Safety (88/378/EEC)Construction Products (89/106/EEC)EMC (89/336/EEC)Machinery (89/392/EEC)Personal Protective Equipment (89/686/EEC)Gas Appliances (90/396/EEC)Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (91/263/EEC)Hot Water Boilers (92/42/EEC)Medical Devices (93/42/EEC)Satellite Earth Station Equipment (93/97/EEC)Explosive Atmospheres (94/9/EEC)Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment (99/5/EEC)

Date1/1/977/1/921/1/971/1/971/1/961/1/956/30/951/1/951/1/961/1/976/13/98NONE6/30/0304/07/01

EMC DIRECTIVE: REDUCE ELECTROMAGNETIC

INTERFERENCE

Radiated

Conducted

EMC DIRECTIVE

• “Electrical Apparatus” Covered• Exceptions: components, large installations and

devices that must comply with other Directives that address EMC (e.g., telecommunications)

• Member states adopt ENs

• Enforcement– Country-by-Country basis.

• Example: UK Requirements:– Fines up to £5000– Up to 3 months imprisonment for misuse of CE mark– Forfeiture of equipment

EMC DIRECTIVE FOR ELECTRONIC AND ELECTRICAL

PRODUCTS• Examples

Personal Computers Video GamesCD Players Office machinesCopying machines Electronic toysRadio Receivers TVsFax machines Microwave ovensIndustrial Equipment MachineryDishwasher/Refrigerator

• Class A Products: OFFICE/FACTORY• Class B Products: HOME

Declaration of Conformity required for all products

CLASS A and CLASS B• Class A: Office and Industrial Use

• Class B: Home Use

COMPLIANCE WITH EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES

• Product-Specific Standards or use

• Generic Standards– Use Generic Requirements if Product-Specific

Standards do not exist

• Method– Declaration of Conformity for all products– Technical File Preparation

Conformity AssessmentTwo methods of Demonstrating Compliance

Self-Certification– Select standard for the product– Test product– Write Report– Make Declaration of Conformity– Put on CE Marking– Can test in-house or at third party laboratory

Simpler, Cheaper, may not be applicable for complex productRetest as standards change

•Self-Declaration•Technical Construction File

Conformity Assessment• Technical Construction File

– Need Competent Body– Create a TCF

• Description of Device(s)• Test plan• Use “Generic Standards” if product-specific standards are not

available

– Test product– Competent Body issues certificate– Make Declaration of Conformity– Affix the CE Marking

More expensive, for complex products

Common EMC Standardshttp://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/newapproach/standardization/harmstds/reflist/emc.html

Equipment Tests Required

Arc Welder EN 50199:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Product standardfor arc welding equipment

Industrial Equipment EN 55011:1998: Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequencyequipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods ofmeasurement

TVs, Radios EN 55013:1990: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of broadcast receivers and associated equipment

EN 55020:1994: Electromagnetic immunity of broadcast receivers andassociated equipment

Appliances EN 55014-1:1993: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements forhousehold appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus -- Part 1:Emission - Product family standard

EN 55014-2:1997: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements forhousehold appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus -- Part 2:Immunity - Product family standard

Lighting EN 55015:1996: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment

Computers and informationTechnology Equipment

EN 55022:1998: Information technology equipment - Radio disturbancecharacteristics – Limits and methods of measurement

EN 55024:1998: Information technology equipment - Immunitycharacteristics –Limits and methods of measurement

Audio and video for professional use EN 55103-1 and -2:1996: Electromagnetic compatibility – Product familystandard for audio, video, audio-visual and entertainment lighting controlapparatus for professional use

EN 55104:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility – Immunity requirementsfor household appliances, tools and similar apparatus – Product familystandard

Household equipment EN 61000-3-2:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 3-2:Limits -Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current upto and including 16A per phase)

Household equipment EN 61000-3-3:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 3: Limits -- Section 3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltagesupply systems for equipment with rated current up to 16 A

Laboratory Equipment EN 61326:1997: Electrical equipment for measurement, control andlaboratory use - EMC requirements

Immunity Testing

• 1000-4 Series– IEC 1000-4-1: Introduction– IEC 1000-4-2: Electrostatic Discharge Requirements– IEC 1000-4-3: Radiated Radio Frequency Immunity– IEC 1000-4-4: Electrical Fast Transient– IEC 1000-4-5: Lightning Surge– IEC 1000-4-6: Conducted Radio Frequency Immunity– IEC 1000-4-8: Magnetic Field Immunity– IEC 1000-4-11: Voltage Interruptions (blackout and

brownouts)

LOW VOLTAGE DIRECTIVE:for SAFE PRODUCTS

LVD TEST PROCEDURE

• Self-Declaration

Test ProductReport &

Technical FileManufacturer puts

CE Mark Manufacturer Labels

Products

Sell Product

• Labeling and marking• Language• User Instructions• Service Information

• Design requirements• Heating• Electrical

characteristics• Abnormal operation• Power connection• Construction

Most Standards address the same issues - Requirements depend on the type of product and where it will be installed

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

Common Safety StandardsEquipment Tests Required

Arc Welder EN 50199:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Product standardfor arc welding equipment

Industrial Equipment EN 55011:1998: Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio-frequencyequipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods ofmeasurement

TVs, Radios EN 55013:1990: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of broadcast receivers and associated equipment

EN 55020:1994: Electromagnetic immunity of broadcast receivers andassociated equipment

Appliances EN 55014-1:1993: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements forhousehold appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus -- Part 1:Emission - Product family standard

EN 55014-2:1997: Electromagnetic compatibility - Requirements forhousehold appliances, electric tools and similar apparatus -- Part 2:Immunity - Product family standard

Lighting EN 55015:1996: Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbancecharacteristics of electrical lighting and similar equipment

Computers and informationTechnology Equipment

EN 55022:1998: Information technology equipment - Radio disturbancecharacteristics – Limits and methods of measurement

EN 55024:1998: Information technology equipment - Immunitycharacteristics –Limits and methods of measurement

Audio and video for professional use EN 55103-1 and -2:1996: Electromagnetic compatibility – Product familystandard for audio, video, audio-visual and entertainment lighting controlapparatus for professional use

EN 55104:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility – Immunity requirementsfor household appliances, tools and similar apparatus – Product familystandard

Household equipment EN 61000-3-2:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 3-2:Limits -Limits for harmonic current emissions (equipment input current upto and including 16A per phase)

Household equipment EN 61000-3-3:1995: Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) -- Part 3: Limits -- Section 3: Limitation of voltage fluctuations and flicker in low-voltagesupply systems for equipment with rated current up to 16 A

Laboratory Equipment EN 61326:1997: Electrical equipment for measurement, control andlaboratory use - EMC requirements

CE Marking• Must be affixed to:

• Product• Packaging• Instructions for use, OR• Guarantee certificate

• Can be used with other marks providing they do not reduce the visibility and legibility of the mark

Labeling and MarkingLabeling and Marking

• Rated voltage or voltage range:115/230V~ or 100-240V~ or 230V~ or 400V 3~

• Rated frequency:50-60Hz or 50/60Hz

• Rated current or power:10/5A or 10-5A; 200W or 200VA

230/ 400V~ are the harmonized voltages for the European Union.

Labeling and MarkingLabeling and Marking• Manufacturer’s name or registered

trademark.

• Model or type number.

• Fuse replacement info (if applicable).

• IEC symbols wherever possible.

• Warnings and Cautions appropriate for the particular equipment.

LanguageLanguage• ‘Safety-related’ information to be in

appropriate language.

• Service Instructions may be in English.

• Many times, the entire User Manual must be translated (for specific market)

User InstructionsUser Instructions

• Installation Instructions - information for installation, connection to the AC power, ventilation, etc

• All information regarding use, cleaning, maintenance (if necessary)

• All safety warnings

Service Information Service Information • Fuse and component replacement information.• Special instructions to avoid hazards.• Schematics, wiring diagrams.• Special field installation and/or supply

connection information

Radio Transmittersand Telecommunication

Devices

• R&TTE Directive

• License by individual country

RTTE Main Features

• Scope covers radio and TTE• New Essential Requirements• No Specific Standards• Easier process based on Manufacturer’s

Declaration (increased liability for manufacturer)

RTTE Requirements• Safety per LVD requirements (but with no lower

voltage limit)• Protection per EMC Directive• Prevention of harm to the network• Radio Equipment shall effectively use spectrum• Apparatus shall:

– work w/other networks

– protect privacy

– support features to prevent fraud

– support access to emergency services

– support access by disabled persons

RTTE Effects

• Benefits– Reduced Testing Fees– Reduced Time-to-Market– Fewer Test Requirements

• Detriments– Increased Liability– Decreased protection for EU Manufacturers

• Marking– CE Mark (plus NB number for Radio Equipment)

EU Standards(a partial list)

• ETS 300 339: General EMC Standard for Radio Equipment• ETS 300 342-1: November 1994: EMC Standard for GSM (Part 1:

Mobiles and Portable)• ETS 300 342-2: November 1994: EMC Standard for GSM (Part 2: Base

Stations)• ETS 300 329: November 1994: EMC Standard for DECT• EN60215: Safety Requirements for Radio Transmitting Equipment• EN60950/IEC 950: Safety for Information Technology Equipment

URL: www.etsi.fr

Declaration of ConformityApplication of Council Directive(s):

89/336/EEC, 72/23/EEC

Standard(s) to which Conformity is Declared:

EN55022, EN55024 (1998), EN60950

Manufacturer's Name: COMPANY NAME

Manufacturer's Address: ADDRESS

Importer's Name: (EU Representative's Name)

Importer's Address: (EU Representative's Address)

Type of Equipment: EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION

Model Number: MODEL NUMBER

Year of Manufacture: (Year of Manufacture)

I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the equipment specifiedabove conforms to the above Directive(s) and Standard(s).

__________________________(Full Name, Title)

__________________________(Signature)

__________________________ (Date)

WORLD MARKETS• Europe: EU Directive approach to compliance• Non-EU Europe: May accept CE Marking• Australia: C-Tick Mark for EMC (CISPR emissions

• Japan: VCCI- Voluntary Control Council for Interference (CISPR emissions only)

• South Africa: Emissions requirements only• Mexico: NOM Certification

标签示例EXAMPLE LABEL

S NFI D

COMPANY NAMEMODEL: XYZ123

LISTEDITEE123456

EN60950

100-240VAC 50/60 Hz130-170VA; 0.8-1.3A

MADE IN CHINA FOR INDOOR USE ONLYFUSE REPLACEMENT: T1.2

LEVEL 3LR12345

COMPANY NAMEOR MODEL NUMBER

US/CANADAUL and/or CSA

SPECIAL INFORMATIONUse, Fuse,Warnings

VOLTAGEFREQUENCY

POWER OR CURRENT

UL & CSA allow manufacturers to use “E” number or “LR” number instead of Manufacturer’s Name

Washington LaboratoriesCapabilities

Testing and Certification Services

– Testing FCC European Norms IEC 801/ 1000

– UL Certificated Agency

– TCB affiliate

• Engineering– Design Engineering for Compliance Requirements

PCB Layout Enclosure and System Design Safety to UL, IEC, VDE, CSA, TUV, NRTL requirements

Training– EMC Design for International Compliance

– Customized, Modular Seminars

Washington Laboratories (301) 417-0220 Lindbergh Dr. Gaithersburg, MD 20879 mikev@wll.com European...

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