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THE AHSGE-ReadingTHE AHSGE-Reading
Things you need to know for Things you need to know for graduation!graduation!
Identifying Supporting DetailsIdentifying Supporting Details
• Facts, reasons, examples are details Facts, reasons, examples are details that support the main ideathat support the main idea
• Details are based on 5WH: who, Details are based on 5WH: who, what, when, where, why, and howwhat, when, where, why, and how
Tips for locating detailsTips for locating details
• Read the passage carefullyRead the passage carefully
• Scan the passage to answer the Scan the passage to answer the questions of the 5WHquestions of the 5WH
• Match key words in answers with Match key words in answers with passage infopassage info
• Always confirm your answer by going Always confirm your answer by going back to the passageback to the passage
SEQUENCE OF EVENTSSEQUENCE OF EVENTS
Purpose: make connections between Purpose: make connections between events, observations, or instructions in a events, observations, or instructions in a passagepassage
3 types: chronological (time) order3 types: chronological (time) order
order of importanceorder of importance
spatial orderspatial order
Sequence of Events (cont.)Sequence of Events (cont.)
Key words in CHRONOLOGICAL orderKey words in CHRONOLOGICAL order
first, second, thirdfirst, second, third
before, next, thenbefore, next, then
after, until, last, laterafter, until, last, later
between, now, thenbetween, now, then
during, whenduring, when
Sequence of Events (cont.)Sequence of Events (cont.)
Key terms for order of IMPORATANCEKey terms for order of IMPORATANCE
most importantly, least importantlymost importantly, least importantly
moreover, also, in additionmoreover, also, in addition
most of all, least of allmost of all, least of all
first, second, third, finallyfirst, second, third, finally
Sequence of Events (cont.)Sequence of Events (cont.)
Key terms in SPATIAL orderKey terms in SPATIAL order
top, bottomtop, bottom
left, rightleft, right
clockwise, counterclockwiseclockwise, counterclockwise
near, farnear, far
inside, outsideinside, outside
north, south, east, westnorth, south, east, west
FOLLOW DIRECTIONS FOLLOW DIRECTIONS
• Read the question CAREFULLYRead the question CAREFULLY
• What is the question asking you to What is the question asking you to do?do?
• Look for KEY words:Look for KEY words:
before….shouldbefore….should
if….shouldif….should
nextnext
Main IdeaMain Idea
• 2 types of Main Ideas:2 types of Main Ideas:
Directly Stated Main IdeaDirectly Stated Main Idea
Implied Main IdeaImplied Main Idea
Directly Stated Main IdeaDirectly Stated Main Idea
• Stated in the titleStated in the title
• Stated in the first sentenceStated in the first sentence
• Stated in the last sentenceStated in the last sentence
Implied Main IdeaImplied Main Idea
• The main idea is not directly stated.The main idea is not directly stated.
• Implied means “to gather based on Implied means “to gather based on facts” or to “infer.”facts” or to “infer.”
• To infer the implied main idea:To infer the implied main idea:
Combine the facts togetherCombine the facts together
Draw a conclusion by summarizing Draw a conclusion by summarizing the passage.the passage.
Example of Implied Main Example of Implied Main IdeaIdea• Outside, the wind was bitterly cold, Outside, the wind was bitterly cold,
and the snow was falling fast.and the snow was falling fast.
• What season of the year is it?What season of the year is it?
• WinterWinter
• ““Cold” and “snow” were hints that the Cold” and “snow” were hints that the season is winter.season is winter.
• You take facts given to you and arrive You take facts given to you and arrive at the implied main idea.at the implied main idea.
Tip for finding Main IdeaTip for finding Main Idea
• Switch the sentence around into Switch the sentence around into a question. If the other a question. If the other sentences seem to "answer" the sentences seem to "answer" the question, then you've got it—the question, then you've got it—the main idea!main idea!
Cause/EffectCause/Effect
• A cause is a reason for something A cause is a reason for something happeninghappening
Ex: Tornadoes occur because Ex: Tornadoes occur because weather conditions are just right.weather conditions are just right.
• An effect is a result of that happeningAn effect is a result of that happening
Ex: The result of the tornado was Ex: The result of the tornado was mass destruction.mass destruction.
Words that signal CausesWords that signal Causes
• Why, reason, becauseWhy, reason, because
• Source, basis, due toSource, basis, due to
• Origin, causeOrigin, cause
Words that signal EffectsWords that signal Effects
• Affect, result, consequenceAffect, result, consequence
• Outcome, product, aftermath,Outcome, product, aftermath,
• Therefore, effectTherefore, effect
FACTFACT
A statement that can be proven.A statement that can be proven.
Ex: George Washinton was the first Ex: George Washinton was the first President of the United States.President of the United States.
England is a country in Europe.England is a country in Europe.
OpinionOpinion
Opinions express a personal Opinions express a personal viewpoint or belief about a person, viewpoint or belief about a person, place, thing, idea, or eventplace, thing, idea, or event
Opinion adjectives: best, worst, Opinion adjectives: best, worst, favorite, dishonest, etc.favorite, dishonest, etc.
Opinions sometimes include: I think, Opinions sometimes include: I think, I believe, I feel, my view, my opinion, I believe, I feel, my view, my opinion, etc.etc.
Opinions (cont.)Opinions (cont.)
Ex: George Washington was the best Ex: George Washington was the best leader.leader.
Ex: England is a beautiful country.Ex: England is a beautiful country.
PropagandaPropaganda
Uses facts and opinions to “sell” an Uses facts and opinions to “sell” an idea or productidea or product
Ex: You should vote for our Ex: You should vote for our candidate! You won’t be sorry.candidate! You won’t be sorry.
Literary ElementsLiterary Elements
• Character: the people, animals in the story
• Plot: what the story is about
• Theme: the message or meaning
• Setting: time and location of the story
• Tone: the feeling or attitude conveyed to the reader
• Mood: the atmosphere of the story
Point of ViewPoint of View
• First Person POV: tells the story from the “I”
• Third Person POV: writer tells the story describing the characters as “he” “she” “him” “her”
• Second Person POV: NO SUCH THING!!
Figurative LanguageFigurative Language
• Simile: comparison using “like” or “as”
Ex: Love is like a wheel.
• Metaphor: direct comparison of two things
Ex: Hate is fire.
• Imagery: words that paint a picture
Ex: The lush, green grass waved in the cool night air.
Figurative Language (cont.)Figurative Language (cont.)
• Personification: giving human qualities or characteristics to non-human things
Ex: The arms of the trees reached upward to the gleeful heavens.
• Hyperbole: great exaggeration
Ex: The quarterback threw a 10,000 yard pass.
Reference Material
Thesaurus: a list of synonyms (same) and antonyms (opposites)
Glossary: a list of specialized terms at the end of a book
Index: a list of topics found at the back of the book
Table of Contents: a list of topics found at the front of the book
Bibliography: a list of sources used in the writing of the book
Reference Material (cont.)
Title Page: contains the title of the book, the author, copyright info, publishing company, and publisher
Preface: contains an explanation for the book
Appendix: contains additional material not necessary to the text
Paragraph Structure Main Idea (topic of the paragraph) Topic sentence (the sentence that
explains the paragraph) Supporting details (supports the topic
sentence) Conclusion (clincher sentence) Irrelevant (does not belong)
Other Hints
Read the directions carefully Read the questions first Read the passage Read the questions again Search for the answer Mark the right spot Take your time!!!
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