THE AHSGE-ReadingTHE AHSGE-Reading

Things you need to know for Things you need to know for graduation!graduation!

Identifying Supporting DetailsIdentifying Supporting Details

• Facts, reasons, examples are details Facts, reasons, examples are details that support the main ideathat support the main idea

• Details are based on 5WH: who, Details are based on 5WH: who, what, when, where, why, and howwhat, when, where, why, and how

Tips for locating detailsTips for locating details

• Read the passage carefullyRead the passage carefully

• Scan the passage to answer the Scan the passage to answer the questions of the 5WHquestions of the 5WH

• Match key words in answers with Match key words in answers with passage infopassage info

• Always confirm your answer by going Always confirm your answer by going back to the passageback to the passage

SEQUENCE OF EVENTSSEQUENCE OF EVENTS

Purpose: make connections between Purpose: make connections between events, observations, or instructions in a events, observations, or instructions in a passagepassage

3 types: chronological (time) order3 types: chronological (time) order

order of importanceorder of importance

spatial orderspatial order

Sequence of Events (cont.)Sequence of Events (cont.)

Key words in CHRONOLOGICAL orderKey words in CHRONOLOGICAL order

first, second, thirdfirst, second, third

before, next, thenbefore, next, then

after, until, last, laterafter, until, last, later

between, now, thenbetween, now, then

during, whenduring, when

Sequence of Events (cont.)Sequence of Events (cont.)

Key terms for order of IMPORATANCEKey terms for order of IMPORATANCE

most importantly, least importantlymost importantly, least importantly

moreover, also, in additionmoreover, also, in addition

most of all, least of allmost of all, least of all

first, second, third, finallyfirst, second, third, finally

Sequence of Events (cont.)Sequence of Events (cont.)

Key terms in SPATIAL orderKey terms in SPATIAL order

top, bottomtop, bottom

left, rightleft, right

clockwise, counterclockwiseclockwise, counterclockwise

near, farnear, far

inside, outsideinside, outside

north, south, east, westnorth, south, east, west

FOLLOW DIRECTIONS FOLLOW DIRECTIONS

• Read the question CAREFULLYRead the question CAREFULLY

• What is the question asking you to What is the question asking you to do?do?

• Look for KEY words:Look for KEY words:

before….shouldbefore….should

if….shouldif….should

nextnext

Main IdeaMain Idea

• 2 types of Main Ideas:2 types of Main Ideas:

Directly Stated Main IdeaDirectly Stated Main Idea

Implied Main IdeaImplied Main Idea

Directly Stated Main IdeaDirectly Stated Main Idea

• Stated in the titleStated in the title

• Stated in the first sentenceStated in the first sentence

• Stated in the last sentenceStated in the last sentence

Implied Main IdeaImplied Main Idea

• The main idea is not directly stated.The main idea is not directly stated.

• Implied means “to gather based on Implied means “to gather based on facts” or to “infer.”facts” or to “infer.”

• To infer the implied main idea:To infer the implied main idea:

Combine the facts togetherCombine the facts together

Draw a conclusion by summarizing Draw a conclusion by summarizing the passage.the passage.

Example of Implied Main Example of Implied Main IdeaIdea• Outside, the wind was bitterly cold, Outside, the wind was bitterly cold,

and the snow was falling fast.and the snow was falling fast.

• What season of the year is it?What season of the year is it?

• WinterWinter

• ““Cold” and “snow” were hints that the Cold” and “snow” were hints that the season is winter.season is winter.

• You take facts given to you and arrive You take facts given to you and arrive at the implied main idea.at the implied main idea.

Tip for finding Main IdeaTip for finding Main Idea

• Switch the sentence around into Switch the sentence around into a question. If the other a question. If the other sentences seem to "answer" the sentences seem to "answer" the question, then you've got it—the question, then you've got it—the main idea!main idea!

Cause/EffectCause/Effect

• A cause is a reason for something A cause is a reason for something happeninghappening

Ex: Tornadoes occur because Ex: Tornadoes occur because weather conditions are just right.weather conditions are just right.

• An effect is a result of that happeningAn effect is a result of that happening

Ex: The result of the tornado was Ex: The result of the tornado was mass destruction.mass destruction.

Words that signal CausesWords that signal Causes

• Why, reason, becauseWhy, reason, because

• Source, basis, due toSource, basis, due to

• Origin, causeOrigin, cause

Words that signal EffectsWords that signal Effects

• Affect, result, consequenceAffect, result, consequence

• Outcome, product, aftermath,Outcome, product, aftermath,

• Therefore, effectTherefore, effect

FACTFACT

A statement that can be proven.A statement that can be proven.

Ex: George Washinton was the first Ex: George Washinton was the first President of the United States.President of the United States.

England is a country in Europe.England is a country in Europe.

OpinionOpinion

Opinions express a personal Opinions express a personal viewpoint or belief about a person, viewpoint or belief about a person, place, thing, idea, or eventplace, thing, idea, or event

Opinion adjectives: best, worst, Opinion adjectives: best, worst, favorite, dishonest, etc.favorite, dishonest, etc.

Opinions sometimes include: I think, Opinions sometimes include: I think, I believe, I feel, my view, my opinion, I believe, I feel, my view, my opinion, etc.etc.

Opinions (cont.)Opinions (cont.)

Ex: George Washington was the best Ex: George Washington was the best leader.leader.

Ex: England is a beautiful country.Ex: England is a beautiful country.

PropagandaPropaganda

Uses facts and opinions to “sell” an Uses facts and opinions to “sell” an idea or productidea or product

Ex: You should vote for our Ex: You should vote for our candidate! You won’t be sorry.candidate! You won’t be sorry.

Literary ElementsLiterary Elements

• Character: the people, animals in the story

• Plot: what the story is about

• Theme: the message or meaning

• Setting: time and location of the story

• Tone: the feeling or attitude conveyed to the reader

• Mood: the atmosphere of the story

Point of ViewPoint of View

• First Person POV: tells the story from the “I”

• Third Person POV: writer tells the story describing the characters as “he” “she” “him” “her”

• Second Person POV: NO SUCH THING!!

Figurative LanguageFigurative Language

• Simile: comparison using “like” or “as”

Ex: Love is like a wheel.

• Metaphor: direct comparison of two things

Ex: Hate is fire.

• Imagery: words that paint a picture

Ex: The lush, green grass waved in the cool night air.

Figurative Language (cont.)Figurative Language (cont.)

• Personification: giving human qualities or characteristics to non-human things

Ex: The arms of the trees reached upward to the gleeful heavens.

• Hyperbole: great exaggeration

Ex: The quarterback threw a 10,000 yard pass.

Reference Material

Thesaurus: a list of synonyms (same) and antonyms (opposites)

Glossary: a list of specialized terms at the end of a book

Index: a list of topics found at the back of the book

Table of Contents: a list of topics found at the front of the book

Bibliography: a list of sources used in the writing of the book

Reference Material (cont.)

Title Page: contains the title of the book, the author, copyright info, publishing company, and publisher

Preface: contains an explanation for the book

Appendix: contains additional material not necessary to the text

Paragraph Structure Main Idea (topic of the paragraph) Topic sentence (the sentence that

explains the paragraph) Supporting details (supports the topic

sentence) Conclusion (clincher sentence) Irrelevant (does not belong)

Other Hints

Read the directions carefully Read the questions first Read the passage Read the questions again Search for the answer Mark the right spot Take your time!!!