AHSGE Quick FactsAHSGE Quick Facts

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Wars: French and Indian Wars: French and Indian WarWar

AKA: Seven Years WarAKA: Seven Years WarWho: British and Colonists vs. Who: British and Colonists vs.

French and NativesFrench and NativesWhen: 1754-1763When: 1754-1763Ended: Treaty of Paris 1763Ended: Treaty of Paris 1763Result: British won but heavy Result: British won but heavy

debt caused by the war forced debt caused by the war forced the British to tax the colonist the British to tax the colonist heavily.heavily.

Wars: Revolutionary WarWars: Revolutionary War Who: British vs. American ColoniesWho: British vs. American Colonies When: 1775-1781When: 1775-1781 Major Generals: George Washington Major Generals: George Washington

(Americas)(Americas) Ended: Treaty of Paris 1783Ended: Treaty of Paris 1783 Result: Won by colonist, gave America its Result: Won by colonist, gave America its

independence.independence. Key Battles: Lexington and Concord(1Key Battles: Lexington and Concord(1stst

battle); Bunker Hill (won by British but battle); Bunker Hill (won by British but Brits suffered huge losses); Saratoga Brits suffered huge losses); Saratoga (turning point); Yorktown (final battle)(turning point); Yorktown (final battle)

War of 1812War of 1812 Who: U.S. vs. BritishWho: U.S. vs. British When: 1812-1814When: 1812-1814 U. S. President during war: James MadisonU. S. President during war: James Madison Major General: Andrew Jackson (U.S.)Major General: Andrew Jackson (U.S.) Ended by: Treaty of GhentEnded by: Treaty of Ghent Result: No one won the war, even though it Result: No one won the war, even though it

was a moral victory for the United States was a moral victory for the United States and started strong feelings of nationalism.and started strong feelings of nationalism.

Horseshoe Bend (ended creek war, Jackson Horseshoe Bend (ended creek war, Jackson defeated Tecumseh) ; Fort McHenry (Star defeated Tecumseh) ; Fort McHenry (Star Spangled Banner, Francis Scott Key); New Spangled Banner, Francis Scott Key); New Orleans (occurred after the war)Orleans (occurred after the war)

Mexican WarMexican War Who: U.S. vs. MexicoWho: U.S. vs. Mexico When: 1846-1848When: 1846-1848 James K. Polk was U.S. President during James K. Polk was U.S. President during

warwar Major Generals: Zachary Taylor (U.S.); Major Generals: Zachary Taylor (U.S.);

Santa Anna (Mexico)Santa Anna (Mexico) Ended: Treaty of Guadeloupe HidalgoEnded: Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo Result: U.S. gained California and new Result: U.S. gained California and new

Mexico, which completed the country’s Mexico, which completed the country’s goal of Manifest Destiny.goal of Manifest Destiny.

Civil WarCivil War Who: U.S. of America (North or Union) vs. Who: U.S. of America (North or Union) vs.

Confederate States of America (South or Confederate States of America (South or confederacy)confederacy)

When: 1861-1865When: 1861-1865 U.S. President during war: Abe LincolnU.S. President during war: Abe Lincoln Confederate President during war: Jefferson DavisConfederate President during war: Jefferson Davis Major Generals: US- Grant and Sherman; CSA- Lee Major Generals: US- Grant and Sherman; CSA- Lee

and “Stonewall” Jacksonand “Stonewall” Jackson Ended: Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox court Ended: Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox court

househouse Results: Slavery ended and union preservedResults: Slavery ended and union preserved Key Battles: Sumter (started the war); First Bull Run Key Battles: Sumter (started the war); First Bull Run

(Mannassas won by CSA); Shiloh (20,000 killed w/no (Mannassas won by CSA); Shiloh (20,000 killed w/no winner); Antietam )bloodiest battle of the war); winner); Antietam )bloodiest battle of the war); Vicksburg (south lost control of the Mississippi); Vicksburg (south lost control of the Mississippi); Gettysburg (turning point); Mobile Bay; Sherman’s Gettysburg (turning point); Mobile Bay; Sherman’s March (included the burning of Atlanta)March (included the burning of Atlanta)

Spanish American WarSpanish American War Who: US vs. Spain in the Caribbean and Who: US vs. Spain in the Caribbean and

the Phillipinesthe Phillipines When: 1898When: 1898 US President during war: William US President during war: William

McKinleyMcKinley Major soldiers: Theodore Roosevelt and Major soldiers: Theodore Roosevelt and

his rough ridershis rough riders Ended: Treaty w/ Spain in 1898Ended: Treaty w/ Spain in 1898 Results: US gained Phillipines, Puerto Results: US gained Phillipines, Puerto

Rico and Guam and became a world Rico and Guam and became a world power.power.

World War IWorld War I AKA: The Great WarAKA: The Great War Who: Allies (Russia, France, Serbia, Great Who: Allies (Russia, France, Serbia, Great

Britain, United States) vs. Central Powers Britain, United States) vs. Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary)(Germany, Austria-Hungary)

When: 1914-1918When: 1914-1918 U.S. President During War: Woodrow WilsonU.S. President During War: Woodrow Wilson Ended: Treaty of VersaillesEnded: Treaty of Versailles Events: AH archduke Franz Ferdinand killed Events: AH archduke Franz Ferdinand killed

by Serbian Gavrilo Princip; Lusitania sunk; by Serbian Gavrilo Princip; Lusitania sunk; Zimmerman note writtenZimmerman note written

Results: Europe was restructured, Germany Results: Europe was restructured, Germany was restructured but would rebuild under was restructured but would rebuild under Adolf Hitler, and the League of Nations was Adolf Hitler, and the League of Nations was put into place, even though the U.S. wasn’t a put into place, even though the U.S. wasn’t a part of it. part of it.

World War II (Slide #1)World War II (Slide #1) Who: Allies (Great Britain, France, USSR, Who: Allies (Great Britain, France, USSR,

US) vs. Axis Powers ( Germany, Italy, Japan)US) vs. Axis Powers ( Germany, Italy, Japan) When 1939-1945When 1939-1945 US Presidents during war: FDR and TrumanUS Presidents during war: FDR and Truman Major Generals and leaders: European Major Generals and leaders: European

allied commander Eisenhower; Pacific allied commander Eisenhower; Pacific Commander: Macarthur; GB Prime Minister: Commander: Macarthur; GB Prime Minister: Churchill; USSR leader: Stalin; Italian Churchill; USSR leader: Stalin; Italian leader: Mussolini; German leader Hitler; leader: Mussolini; German leader Hitler; Japanese leader: TojoJapanese leader: Tojo

Ended: V-E day: Allied victory in Europe Ended: V-E day: Allied victory in Europe May 8, 1945; V-J Day Allied victory in Japan May 8, 1945; V-J Day Allied victory in Japan Aug. 14, 1945Aug. 14, 1945

WWII Continued (Slide #2)WWII Continued (Slide #2) Major Battles: D-Day: allied liberation Major Battles: D-Day: allied liberation

of France in Normandy; Atomic bomb of France in Normandy; Atomic bomb used at Hiroshima and Nagasaki on used at Hiroshima and Nagasaki on Aug. 6Aug. 6thth and 9 and 9thth, 1945 by U.S. on , 1945 by U.S. on Japan; Dec. 7 1941 Japan invades Japan; Dec. 7 1941 Japan invades Pearl HarborPearl Harbor

Results: Introduced weapons of mass Results: Introduced weapons of mass destruction; Split Germany; destruction; Split Germany; introduced United Nationsintroduced United Nations

AHSGE Standard IAHSGE Standard I Crusades: European movement that Crusades: European movement that

resulted in exposure to Middle Eastern and resulted in exposure to Middle Eastern and Asian goods after a failed attempt to take Asian goods after a failed attempt to take away the Holy Lands from the Muslims.away the Holy Lands from the Muslims.

Renaissance: European movement that Renaissance: European movement that resulted in new art, technology, and a resulted in new art, technology, and a return to classical thought.return to classical thought.

Reformation: Movement in Europe that Reformation: Movement in Europe that resulted in the rise of the protestant resulted in the rise of the protestant religion; Led by Martin Luther and his 95 religion; Led by Martin Luther and his 95 Theses.Theses.

Columbian Exchange: Global transfer of Columbian Exchange: Global transfer of food, plants, animals, and disease after the food, plants, animals, and disease after the colonization of the Americas.colonization of the Americas.

AHSGE Standard IAHSGE Standard I Conquistadors: Spanish explorers that Conquistadors: Spanish explorers that

sought God, Gold, and Glory.sought God, Gold, and Glory. St. Augustine: 1St. Augustine: 1stst American settlement American settlement

by Europeans.by Europeans. Jamestown: 1Jamestown: 1stst successful English successful English

settlement in the new world; 1607settlement in the new world; 1607 House of Burgesses: Legislature of the House of Burgesses: Legislature of the

Virginia colony; 1Virginia colony; 1stst representative representative government in the New World.government in the New World.

Taxation: Main reason the American Taxation: Main reason the American colonies protested against British rule.colonies protested against British rule.

AHSGE Standard IAHSGE Standard I French and Indian War: War that was French and Indian War: War that was

responsible for forcing the English to responsible for forcing the English to tax the colonies, leading to the tax the colonies, leading to the Revolutionary war.Revolutionary war.

Navigation Acts: Acts passed by Navigation Acts: Acts passed by George III to monitor trade in and out George III to monitor trade in and out of the colonies.of the colonies.

Boston Massacre: Attack that Boston Massacre: Attack that occurred in Boston in 1770 resulting occurred in Boston in 1770 resulting in 5 colonist being shot and killed by in 5 colonist being shot and killed by British troops.British troops.

AHSGE Standard IAHSGE Standard I

Boston Tea Party: Protest by Boston Tea Party: Protest by Bostonians in 1773 in reaction to the Bostonians in 1773 in reaction to the British passage of the Tea Act; This British passage of the Tea Act; This act was staged by the Sons of Liberty act was staged by the Sons of Liberty led by Samuel Adams.led by Samuel Adams.

Lexington and Concord: 1Lexington and Concord: 1stst battle of battle of the American Revolution.the American Revolution.

AHSGE Standard IIAHSGE Standard II Magna Carta: Famous English document Magna Carta: Famous English document

signed in 1215 by John I was the beginning signed in 1215 by John I was the beginning point for representative government and point for representative government and protection of individual rights in England.protection of individual rights in England.

Social Contract Theory: Thomas Hobbes Social Contract Theory: Thomas Hobbes theory that was used by Jefferson while theory that was used by Jefferson while writing the Declaration of Independence writing the Declaration of Independence that allows a single ruler to be in charge to that allows a single ruler to be in charge to maintain order.maintain order.

John Locke: English philosopher that John Locke: English philosopher that influenced Jeffferson when writing the influenced Jeffferson when writing the Declaration of Independence; felt people Declaration of Independence; felt people shouldn’t give up natural rights for their shouldn’t give up natural rights for their freedom.freedom.

AHSGE Standard IIAHSGE Standard II Montesquieu: French philosopher that Montesquieu: French philosopher that

came up with separation of powers.came up with separation of powers.– Three Branch SystemThree Branch System– Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances

Great Awakening: Religious movement of Great Awakening: Religious movement of increased activity that occurred in the increased activity that occurred in the colonies in the 1730’s and 1740’s.colonies in the 1730’s and 1740’s.

First Continental Congress: Meeting in First Continental Congress: Meeting in Philadelphia called to discuss the unfair Philadelphia called to discuss the unfair treatment of the colonies by Great Britain; treatment of the colonies by Great Britain; Attended by 12 of the 13 colonies.Attended by 12 of the 13 colonies.

Second Continental Congress: Meeting Second Continental Congress: Meeting called by the colonist in reaction to GB called by the colonist in reaction to GB ignoring the 1ignoring the 1stst CC; Sent the Olive Branch CC; Sent the Olive Branch Petition; Wrote the Declaration of Petition; Wrote the Declaration of Independence.Independence.

AHSGE Standard IIAHSGE Standard II Declaration of Independence: Declaration of Independence:

Document written by Thomas Document written by Thomas Jefferson informing GB of colonial Jefferson informing GB of colonial independence.independence.

Articles of Confederation: The 1Articles of Confederation: The 1stst body of laws that governed the U.S.; body of laws that governed the U.S.; Created a loose confederacy.Created a loose confederacy.

Constitutional Convention: Constitutional Convention: Convention held to replace the Convention held to replace the Articles of Confederation and create Articles of Confederation and create a more centralized government and a more centralized government and a federal system.a federal system.

AHSGE Standard IIAHSGE Standard II Great Compromise: Agreement that Great Compromise: Agreement that

the U.S. would have two houses in the U.S. would have two houses in CongressCongress

Three Fifths Compromise: Solution for Three Fifths Compromise: Solution for counting slaves for representation counting slaves for representation purposes.purposes.

Federalism: The idea of sharing power Federalism: The idea of sharing power between the national and the state between the national and the state governments.governments.

Preamble: Opening paragraph of the Preamble: Opening paragraph of the constitution.constitution.

Elastic Clause: Idea that Congress has Elastic Clause: Idea that Congress has a broad range of power with a great a broad range of power with a great deal of flexibility.deal of flexibility.

AHSGE Standard IIAHSGE Standard II 1313thth Amendment: Abolished Slavery Amendment: Abolished Slavery 1414thth Amendment: Guarantees protection of Amendment: Guarantees protection of

the law for all citizens.the law for all citizens. 1515thth Amendment: Gave the right to vote to Amendment: Gave the right to vote to

African American males.African American males. 1919thth Amendment: Gave women the right to Amendment: Gave women the right to

vote.vote. Federalist Papers: Papers written by Jay, Federalist Papers: Papers written by Jay,

Hamilton, and Madison encouraging the Hamilton, and Madison encouraging the passage of the Constitution.passage of the Constitution.

Bill of Rights: 1Bill of Rights: 1stst ten amendments of the ten amendments of the constitution that were written to protect your constitution that were written to protect your individual rights.individual rights.

Federalist: Supported the constitution as is.Federalist: Supported the constitution as is. Anti-Federalist or Democrat-Republicans: Anti-Federalist or Democrat-Republicans:

Supported the constitution only if it Supported the constitution only if it contained a Bill of Rights.contained a Bill of Rights.

AHSGE Standard IIAHSGE Standard II Alexander Hamilton: Developed an Alexander Hamilton: Developed an

economic plan for the U.S. during the economic plan for the U.S. during the 1790’s.1790’s.

George Washington: Led 1George Washington: Led 1stst colonial army; colonial army; 11stst president of U.S.; Warned Americans president of U.S.; Warned Americans about competing political parties in his about competing political parties in his farewell address.farewell address.

John Marshall: Served as Chief Justice of John Marshall: Served as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court for 34 years (longest the Supreme Court for 34 years (longest term ever) and helped shape our national term ever) and helped shape our national government; Declared that Supreme Court government; Declared that Supreme Court has the power of judicial review.has the power of judicial review.

Marbury vs. Madison: Supreme court case Marbury vs. Madison: Supreme court case that established Judicial Review.that established Judicial Review.

Standard IIIStandard III Boston Tea Party: Reaction of colonial Boston Tea Party: Reaction of colonial

group the sons of liberty led by Samuel group the sons of liberty led by Samuel Adams to the Tea Act; This bill resulted in Adams to the Tea Act; This bill resulted in the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts passed by the Coercive (Intolerable) Acts passed by the British Parliament.the British Parliament.

Olive Branch Petition: Document sent by Olive Branch Petition: Document sent by the colonist to George II of GB as a final the colonist to George II of GB as a final attempt at peace by the colonist in 1775.attempt at peace by the colonist in 1775.

Patrick Henry: Revolutionary that gave the Patrick Henry: Revolutionary that gave the famous speech “give me liberty or give me famous speech “give me liberty or give me death.”death.”

Paul Revere: Made the famous ride Paul Revere: Made the famous ride warning the colonist that the Redcoats warning the colonist that the Redcoats were coming.were coming.

Standard IIIStandard III Saratoga: Turning point of the Saratoga: Turning point of the

Revolutionary War; Resulted in France Revolutionary War; Resulted in France becoming an ally.becoming an ally.

Valley Forge: Place where Valley Forge: Place where Washington’s troops camped during Washington’s troops camped during the harsh winter of 1777-1778 during the harsh winter of 1777-1778 during the Revolutionary War.the Revolutionary War.

Yorktown: Last major battle of the Yorktown: Last major battle of the Revolutionary War; Cornwallis Revolutionary War; Cornwallis surrendered to Washington.surrendered to Washington.

Treaty of Paris 1783: Treaty that Treaty of Paris 1783: Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War; U.S. ended the Revolutionary War; U.S. gained its independence because of gained its independence because of this treaty.this treaty.

Standard IIIStandard III War of 1812: U.S. defeated Great Britain War of 1812: U.S. defeated Great Britain

in a final attempt to regain U.S. territory.in a final attempt to regain U.S. territory. Embargo Act: Law passed by Jefferson Embargo Act: Law passed by Jefferson

that disallowed U.S. to trade with other that disallowed U.S. to trade with other nations; led to War of 1812.nations; led to War of 1812.

Impressment: Act of the British Navy Impressment: Act of the British Navy forcing Americans into service.forcing Americans into service.

Land Ordinance of 1785: Divided old Land Ordinance of 1785: Divided old Northwest Territory into townships.Northwest Territory into townships.

Northwest Ordinance of 1787: disallowed Northwest Ordinance of 1787: disallowed slavery in the old northwest.slavery in the old northwest.

Standard IIIStandard III Louisiana Purchase: Land bought by the Louisiana Purchase: Land bought by the

U.S. from France for 15 mil. In 1803; U.S. from France for 15 mil. In 1803; Jefferson responsible for purchase; Jefferson responsible for purchase; doubled the size of the U.S. doubled the size of the U.S.

Lewis and Clark: Explorers hired by Lewis and Clark: Explorers hired by Jefferson to explore the western U.S.Jefferson to explore the western U.S.

Era of Good Feelings: Prosperous times Era of Good Feelings: Prosperous times post War of 1812; one political party.post War of 1812; one political party.

Alabama: Became a U.S. state in the year Alabama: Became a U.S. state in the year 1819.1819.

Missouri Compromise: Congressional Missouri Compromise: Congressional agreement that allowed Missouri to agreement that allowed Missouri to become a slave state and Maine to become a slave state and Maine to become a free state.become a free state.

Standard IIIStandard III Monroe Doctrine: American foreign Monroe Doctrine: American foreign

policy that was passed in 1823 and policy that was passed in 1823 and forbade European colonization in the forbade European colonization in the Americas.Americas.

Indian Removal Act: The law that Indian Removal Act: The law that forced the five native southeast tribes forced the five native southeast tribes to evacuate to the west to live on to evacuate to the west to live on reservations; Occurred during reservations; Occurred during Jackson’s tenure.Jackson’s tenure.

Trail of Tears: Event instated by the Trail of Tears: Event instated by the U.S. gov’t that forced the Cherokee U.S. gov’t that forced the Cherokee Indians to march at gunpoint from Ga. Indians to march at gunpoint from Ga. To Ok.To Ok.

Standard IIIStandard III Four major trails used by the settlers Four major trails used by the settlers

in western U.S.in western U.S.– Santa Fe: Commercial and Military routeSanta Fe: Commercial and Military route– Oregon: Migratory RouteOregon: Migratory Route– Mormon: Western Trail used by Mormon Mormon: Western Trail used by Mormon

ChurchChurch– California: Migratory route to gold minesCalifornia: Migratory route to gold mines

Texas Independence: Gained from Texas Independence: Gained from Mexico in 1836 and later joined the Mexico in 1836 and later joined the U.S.U.S.

Manifest Destiny: Idea that the Manifest Destiny: Idea that the United States should extend from the United States should extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific.Atlantic to the Pacific.

Standard IIIStandard III Mexican War: 1846-1848 U.S. vs. Mexico; U.S. Mexican War: 1846-1848 U.S. vs. Mexico; U.S.

acquired California and New Mexico territories.acquired California and New Mexico territories. Seneca Falls Convention: 1Seneca Falls Convention: 1stst major womens rights major womens rights

convention held in the U.S.; Led by Elisabeth convention held in the U.S.; Led by Elisabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia MottCady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

The Liberator: Abolitionist literature produced by The Liberator: Abolitionist literature produced by William Lloyd GarrisonWilliam Lloyd Garrison

The North Star: Abolitionist literature produced The North Star: Abolitionist literature produced by Frederick Douglassby Frederick Douglass

Underground Railroad: System set up by Underground Railroad: System set up by abolitionist to help slaves escape to freedom.abolitionist to help slaves escape to freedom.

Harriet Tubman : Black woman who used the Harriet Tubman : Black woman who used the underground railroad to liberate hundreds of underground railroad to liberate hundreds of slaves.slaves.

Standard IIIStandard III Dorothea Dix: Led prison reform Dorothea Dix: Led prison reform

movement in the U.S.; fought for reform in movement in the U.S.; fought for reform in the mental health system.the mental health system.

Horace Mann: Led the educational reform Horace Mann: Led the educational reform movement in the U.S. in the 1800’s.movement in the U.S. in the 1800’s.

Utopian Societies: Communities developed Utopian Societies: Communities developed which tried to make a perfect society.which tried to make a perfect society.

Joseph Smith: founded the Mormon faith.Joseph Smith: founded the Mormon faith. Brigham Young: Led the Mormons to Utah.Brigham Young: Led the Mormons to Utah. Ft. McHenry: War of 1812 battle that Ft. McHenry: War of 1812 battle that

resulted in the protection of Baltimore and resulted in the protection of Baltimore and the inspiration for Francis Scott Key’s “Star the inspiration for Francis Scott Key’s “Star Spangled Banner”Spangled Banner”

Standard IIIStandard III Horseshoe Bend: War of 1812 battle Horseshoe Bend: War of 1812 battle

where Jackson defeated the Creek where Jackson defeated the Creek Indians in Al.Indians in Al.

New Orleans: War of 1812 battle New Orleans: War of 1812 battle where Jackson defeated the British where Jackson defeated the British after a truce had been called.after a truce had been called.

Gibbons v. Ogden: Supreme court Gibbons v. Ogden: Supreme court case (under Marshall) which insured case (under Marshall) which insured that national government controlled that national government controlled interstate commerce.interstate commerce.

McCulloch v. Maryland: Supreme court McCulloch v. Maryland: Supreme court case (under Marshall) which insured case (under Marshall) which insured that the national bank was that the national bank was constitutional.constitutional.

Standard IIIStandard III Andrew Jackson: President that established Andrew Jackson: President that established

the spoils system.the spoils system. Spoils System: Practice where a political Spoils System: Practice where a political

party gives government jobs to its voters party gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a system of the party—as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of some awarding offices on the basis of some measure of merit.measure of merit.

Nullification Crisis: South Carolina’s Nullification Crisis: South Carolina’s attempt to void the Tariff of 1832.attempt to void the Tariff of 1832.

Transcendentalism: Group of new ideas in Transcendentalism: Group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that emerged in New England in the early that emerged in New England in the early to middle 19th century; Whitman, to middle 19th century; Whitman, Emerson, and Thoreau Emerson, and Thoreau

Standard IVStandard IV Compromise of 1850: Congressional solution Compromise of 1850: Congressional solution

that made California a free state and gave that made California a free state and gave popular sovereignty to the New Mexico and popular sovereignty to the New Mexico and Utah territories.Utah territories.

Popular Sovereignty: Belief that the laws of a Popular Sovereignty: Belief that the laws of a state should be determined by the citizens of state should be determined by the citizens of that state.that state.

Fugitive Slave Law: Part of Compromise of Fugitive Slave Law: Part of Compromise of 1850 that mandated the return of escaped 1850 that mandated the return of escaped slaves; this provision angered the slaves; this provision angered the northerners.northerners.

Kansas-Nebraska Act: Act supported by Kansas-Nebraska Act: Act supported by Stephen Douglas that gave popular Stephen Douglas that gave popular sovereignty to the Kansas and Nebraska sovereignty to the Kansas and Nebraska territories.territories.

Standard IVStandard IV Republican Party: Political party formed in Republican Party: Political party formed in

the 1850’s that supported the anti-slavery the 1850’s that supported the anti-slavery platform; also known as the party of Lincoln.platform; also known as the party of Lincoln.

Dred Scott Decision: Famous case that Dred Scott Decision: Famous case that upheld the right of slave owners as property upheld the right of slave owners as property holders and disallowed slaves to file court holders and disallowed slaves to file court cases.cases.

John Brown: Led an unsuccessful raid at John Brown: Led an unsuccessful raid at Harper’s Ferry arsenal in an attempt to end Harper’s Ferry arsenal in an attempt to end slavery by any means.slavery by any means.

Abe Lincoln: 16Abe Lincoln: 16thth President; Won election of President; Won election of 1860; President during Civil War; 1860; President during Civil War; Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth; Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth; Responsible for Emancipation ProclamationResponsible for Emancipation Proclamation

Standard IVStandard IV South Carolina: 1South Carolina: 1stst state to secede from the state to secede from the

union.union. Winston County: Alabama county that never Winston County: Alabama county that never

seceded from the union.seceded from the union. Virginia: State that split over the decision to Virginia: State that split over the decision to

secede and eventually became two states.secede and eventually became two states. 5454thth Massachusetts: Most famous black Massachusetts: Most famous black

military units to fight in the Civil War.military units to fight in the Civil War. Homestead Act: Act passes to encourage Homestead Act: Act passes to encourage

settlement in the west; passed during the settlement in the west; passed during the Civil War.Civil War.

Morill Land Grant Act: Act passed during the Morill Land Grant Act: Act passed during the Civil War that granted large areas of land to Civil War that granted large areas of land to the states from the federal government.the states from the federal government.

Standard IVStandard IV Emancipation Proclamation: Act passed by Emancipation Proclamation: Act passed by

Lincoln on Jan. 1, 1863 that granted Lincoln on Jan. 1, 1863 that granted freedom to all slaves.freedom to all slaves.

Writ of Habeas Corpus: A person’s right to Writ of Habeas Corpus: A person’s right to know for what they are being detained; this know for what they are being detained; this right was suspended by Lincoln during the right was suspended by Lincoln during the Civil War.Civil War.

Bull Run: 1Bull Run: 1stst major battle of the Civil War. major battle of the Civil War. Antietam: Bloodiest single-day battle of the Antietam: Bloodiest single-day battle of the

Civil War.Civil War. Gettysburg: Major defeat of Lee and the Gettysburg: Major defeat of Lee and the

South in Pennsylvania. Bloodiest battleSouth in Pennsylvania. Bloodiest battle Vicksburg: Major battle in Mississippi that Vicksburg: Major battle in Mississippi that

resulted in a complete blockade of the resulted in a complete blockade of the south by the Union.south by the Union.

Standard IVStandard IV General Tecumseh ShermanGeneral Tecumseh Sherman: Union General : Union General

that captured and burned Atlanta and that captured and burned Atlanta and continued southward to Savannah destroying continued southward to Savannah destroying everything in his path.everything in his path.

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address: Speech by U.S. : Speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and one of the most President Abraham Lincoln and one of the most quoted speeches in United States history. It was quoted speeches in United States history. It was delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

Appomattox Court HouseAppomattox Court House: Location of Lee’s : Location of Lee’s surrender to Grant thus ending the Civil War.surrender to Grant thus ending the Civil War.

ReconstructionReconstruction: Program initiated to return : Program initiated to return southern states to the Union, rebuild the southern states to the Union, rebuild the South’s infrastructure, and protect the rights of South’s infrastructure, and protect the rights of the free blacks.the free blacks.

Black CodesBlack Codes: Laws passed by southern states : Laws passed by southern states in an attempt to undermine the Union.in an attempt to undermine the Union.

Standard IVStandard IV Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved to Carpetbaggers: Northerners who moved to

the south after the Civil War, voted the south after the Civil War, voted Republican, and were scorned by southerners.Republican, and were scorned by southerners.

Scalawags: Southerners who voted republican Scalawags: Southerners who voted republican after the Civil War and helped the northern after the Civil War and helped the northern Reconstruction effort.Reconstruction effort.

Ulysses Grant: President during Ulysses Grant: President during reconstruction; remembered as being very reconstruction; remembered as being very corrupt.corrupt.

Jim Crow Laws: Laws passed in southern Jim Crow Laws: Laws passed in southern states after reconstruction that stripped states after reconstruction that stripped African Americans of basic rights like voting.African Americans of basic rights like voting.

Tenant Farming: Farming method after the Tenant Farming: Farming method after the Civil War where farmers rented land to grow Civil War where farmers rented land to grow crops.crops.

Sharecropping: Farming where farmers were Sharecropping: Farming where farmers were forced to share crops with landowners.forced to share crops with landowners.

Standard V (Post-1877)Standard V (Post-1877) BuffaloBuffalo: Animal that was highly relied : Animal that was highly relied

upon by Plains Indiansupon by Plains Indians RailroadsRailroads: 19: 19thth Century technological Century technological

innovation led to the rapid settlement of innovation led to the rapid settlement of the western territoriesthe western territories

GeronimoGeronimo: Great Apache leader that : Great Apache leader that surrendered to the U.S. troops in 1886surrendered to the U.S. troops in 1886

CusterCuster: U.S. Cavalry leader that was : U.S. Cavalry leader that was killed at the Battle of Little Big Hornkilled at the Battle of Little Big Horn

Sitting BullSitting Bull: Leader of the Sioux nation : Leader of the Sioux nation at the Battle of Little Big Hornat the Battle of Little Big Horn

Standard VStandard V Dawes ActDawes Act: The act where the United States : The act where the United States

government attempted to settle Indians on plots government attempted to settle Indians on plots of land to farmof land to farm

Massacre at Wounded KneeMassacre at Wounded Knee: Event that : Event that resulted in over 200 unarmed Sioux being resulted in over 200 unarmed Sioux being massacred by U.S. troops in 1890massacred by U.S. troops in 1890

BoomersBoomers: Western settlers who staked legal : Western settlers who staked legal claims to land in Oklahomaclaims to land in Oklahoma

SoonersSooners: Western Settlers who staked illegal : Western Settlers who staked illegal claims to land in Oklahomaclaims to land in Oklahoma

Barbed WireBarbed Wire: Caused the decline in the open : Caused the decline in the open range used by farmers on the Great Plainsrange used by farmers on the Great Plains

Long drivesLong drives: Cattle ranchers move their beef : Cattle ranchers move their beef back to eastern markets on these trailsback to eastern markets on these trails

Standard VStandard V -Jan. 27-Jan. 27 Farmer’s AllianceFarmer’s Alliance: Farmers organized : Farmers organized

themselves to fight Big Businessthemselves to fight Big Business GrangeGrange: The name given to the groups of farmers : The name given to the groups of farmers

that organized themselves politically during the that organized themselves politically during the late 1800slate 1800s

Thomas EdisonThomas Edison: Invented the light bulb and : Invented the light bulb and electric generators electric generators

Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell: Invented the telephone: Invented the telephone SteelSteel: The major industry in Alabama during the : The major industry in Alabama during the

late 1800slate 1800s Robber baronsRobber barons: Captains of Industry referred to : Captains of Industry referred to

during the late 1800sduring the late 1800s Carnegie, Rockefeller, J.P. MorganCarnegie, Rockefeller, J.P. Morgan: 3 : 3

important leaders of industry during the late 1800simportant leaders of industry during the late 1800s

Standard V-Feb.1Standard V-Feb.1 Social DarwinismSocial Darwinism: Theory used to promote : Theory used to promote

competition in the marketplacecompetition in the marketplace Gospel of WealthGospel of Wealth: Idea promoted by Andrew : Idea promoted by Andrew

Carnegie that stated the wealthy should give back Carnegie that stated the wealthy should give back riches to the communityriches to the community

Horatio AlgerHoratio Alger: Novelist who wrote many fictional : Novelist who wrote many fictional stories promoting the “rags to riches” themestories promoting the “rags to riches” theme

ProgressivismProgressivism: Movement that promoted change : Movement that promoted change in government, business, and social welfarein government, business, and social welfare

MuckrakersMuckrakers: Journalists who were intent on : Journalists who were intent on exposing corruption in the early 1900sexposing corruption in the early 1900s

The JungleThe Jungle: Novel that was highly acclaimed for : Novel that was highly acclaimed for exposing problems in the meatpacking industryexposing problems in the meatpacking industry

Standard V-Feb. 3Standard V-Feb. 3 Ida TarbellIda Tarbell: Exposed the corruption of the : Exposed the corruption of the

Standard Oil CompanyStandard Oil Company W.E.B. DuBoisW.E.B. DuBois: African-American who : African-American who

encouraged blacks to seek social justice and encouraged blacks to seek social justice and equality; early leader of the NAACPequality; early leader of the NAACP

Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington: African-American who : African-American who encouraged blacks to learn a trade and also encouraged blacks to learn a trade and also founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881founded the Tuskegee Institute in 1881

George Washington CarverGeorge Washington Carver: African-American : African-American who was famous for his work as an agricultural who was famous for his work as an agricultural scientistscientist

Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson: Supreme Court decision : Supreme Court decision that upheld segregation in 1896that upheld segregation in 1896

STUDY FOR 13 COLONIES QUIZ!!!!!!!!STUDY FOR 13 COLONIES QUIZ!!!!!!!!

Standard V-Feb. 4Standard V-Feb. 4

1616thth Amendment Amendment: Income tax: Income tax 1717thth Amendment Amendment: Election of : Election of

senators by popular votesenators by popular vote 1818thth Amendment Amendment: Prohibition : Prohibition Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt: President : President

who introduced conservation who introduced conservation methods to preserve millions of acres methods to preserve millions of acres of western landof western land

Standard V-Feb. 8Standard V-Feb. 8 Clayton Antitrust ActClayton Antitrust Act: Act that was : Act that was

passed during Wilson’s tenure that was passed during Wilson’s tenure that was intended to break up monopoliesintended to break up monopolies

Federal Reserve SystemFederal Reserve System: Woodrow : Woodrow Wilson changed the banking system in the Wilson changed the banking system in the U.S. in 1913 through this programU.S. in 1913 through this program

Federal Trade CommissionFederal Trade Commission: : Commission that was set up by Wilson to Commission that was set up by Wilson to monitor the practices of businesses monitor the practices of businesses

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson: Won the presidency in : Won the presidency in 1912; he was a Democrat1912; he was a Democrat

Standard VI – Feb.11Standard VI – Feb.11 ImperialismImperialism: The conquest of larger : The conquest of larger

nations over smaller “uncivilized” nations to nations over smaller “uncivilized” nations to gain access to their natural resources and gain access to their natural resources and markets (This helps to achieve “EMPIRE”)markets (This helps to achieve “EMPIRE”)

HawaiiHawaii: Territory annexed by the U.S. in : Territory annexed by the U.S. in the Pacific Ocean in 1898the Pacific Ocean in 1898

Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War: war that : war that America became involved with in 1898, in America became involved with in 1898, in hopes of achieving imperialismhopes of achieving imperialism

Yellow Journalism (Yellow pressYellow Journalism (Yellow press): ): Sensationalistic journalism that served as a Sensationalistic journalism that served as a major cause of the Spanish-American Warmajor cause of the Spanish-American War

Standard VI – Feb.17Standard VI – Feb.17 Rough RidersRough Riders: Group of volunteers led by : Group of volunteers led by

Teddy Roosevelt up San Juan Hill (Cuba) during Teddy Roosevelt up San Juan Hill (Cuba) during the Spanish-American Warthe Spanish-American War

PhilippinesPhilippines: Group of islands in the south : Group of islands in the south Pacific that the U.S. gained control over as a Pacific that the U.S. gained control over as a result of the Spanish defeat in the warresult of the Spanish defeat in the war

Panama CanalPanama Canal: Teddy Roosevelt led the : Teddy Roosevelt led the movement to build this canal in central movement to build this canal in central America; connected Atlantic to Pacific with a America; connected Atlantic to Pacific with a quicker routequicker route

Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary: Extension to the : Extension to the Monroe Doctrine that was made by Roosevelt Monroe Doctrine that was made by Roosevelt justifying American intervention in South justifying American intervention in South America America

Standard VI – Feb. 22Standard VI – Feb. 22 Dollar DiplomacyDollar Diplomacy: Taft’s foreign diplomacy; utilize : Taft’s foreign diplomacy; utilize

a nation’s wealth to negotiate with other countriesa nation’s wealth to negotiate with other countries 4 MAIN Causes of WWI4 MAIN Causes of WWI: :

– MilitarismMilitarism– AlliancesAlliances– ImperialismImperialism– NationalismNationalism

Assassination of Archduke Franz FerdinandAssassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand: : Immediate cause of World War IImmediate cause of World War I

Why did U.S. enter WWI?:Why did U.S. enter WWI?: – Sinking of the LusitaniaSinking of the Lusitania– Zimmerman Note (Telegram)Zimmerman Note (Telegram)– Unrestricted submarine warfare (Germans)Unrestricted submarine warfare (Germans)

Standard VI – Feb. 23Standard VI – Feb. 23

Technological innovations of WWITechnological innovations of WWI: : tank, submarine, poison gas, trench warfare tank, submarine, poison gas, trench warfare (tank-British, submarine-Germans)(tank-British, submarine-Germans)

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles: Treaty that ended : Treaty that ended WWIWWI

Central PowersCentral Powers: Germany, Austri-: Germany, Austri-Hungary, Ottoman EmpireHungary, Ottoman Empire

Allied PowersAllied Powers: France, Britain, U.S., : France, Britain, U.S., Russia, Italy (Italy would join Germany Russia, Italy (Italy would join Germany during WWII)during WWII)

Standard VI – March 22Standard VI – March 22 League of NationsLeague of Nations – Organization where – Organization where

various countries of the world would join together various countries of the world would join together to ensure security and peace for all members; to ensure security and peace for all members; U.S. did not joinU.S. did not join

Red ScareRed Scare – The intense fear of communism and – The intense fear of communism and other extreme ideas during the 1920sother extreme ideas during the 1920s

Sacco and VanzettiSacco and Vanzetti – Trial in which 2 – Trial in which 2 immigrants were given an unfair trial due to their immigrants were given an unfair trial due to their ethnic background and were eventually put to ethnic background and were eventually put to deathdeath

Red SummerRed Summer – Name of the summer in 1919 in – Name of the summer in 1919 in which race riots erupted in about 25 cities which race riots erupted in about 25 cities nationwidenationwide

Standard VI – March 23Standard VI – March 23 Ku Klux KlanKu Klux Klan – organization that brought – organization that brought

terror to the South in the late 1800s; terror to the South in the late 1800s; founded by Nathan Bedford Forrestfounded by Nathan Bedford Forrest

Great MigrationGreat Migration – migration of blacks – migration of blacks from the South to the North during the from the South to the North during the Industrial Age (early 1900s)Industrial Age (early 1900s)

Technological innovations of the Technological innovations of the 1920s1920s – cars, planes, home appliances – cars, planes, home appliances

Harlem RenaissanceHarlem Renaissance – African-American – African-American literary awakening in the 1920s; Harlem literary awakening in the 1920s; Harlem community in NYCcommunity in NYC

Standard VI – March 24Standard VI – March 24 Zora Neale HurstonZora Neale Hurston – African-American – African-American

Author of the Harlem RenaissanceAuthor of the Harlem Renaissance Claude McKayClaude McKay – Leading poet of the Harlem – Leading poet of the Harlem

RenaissanceRenaissance JazzJazz – the type of music that grew out African- – the type of music that grew out African-

American music in the South, especially American music in the South, especially ragtime and bluesragtime and blues

SpeakeasiesSpeakeasies – illegal bars that flourished – illegal bars that flourished during Prohibitionduring Prohibition

Scopes Monkey TrialScopes Monkey Trial – Case over the – Case over the teaching of evolution in the classroom; teaching of evolution in the classroom; happened in Tennessee happened in Tennessee

Standard VII Standard VII Falling Farm PricesFalling Farm Prices – During the Great – During the Great

Depression, this made farmers unable to Depression, this made farmers unable to repay their debts for land and machineryrepay their debts for land and machinery

Buying on marginBuying on margin – Allowed investors to – Allowed investors to purchase stock for only a fraction of its purchase stock for only a fraction of its price (10-15%) and borrow the restprice (10-15%) and borrow the rest

Great DepressionGreat Depression – Severe economic – Severe economic decline that lasted from 1929 until the decline that lasted from 1929 until the U.S.’s entry into WWII in 1941.U.S.’s entry into WWII in 1941.

HoovervillesHoovervilles – Houses made out of – Houses made out of cardboard paper or scrap metal (named cardboard paper or scrap metal (named after President Herbert Hoover)after President Herbert Hoover)

Standard VII – March 30Standard VII – March 30 Dust BowlDust Bowl – A region in the Great Plains – A region in the Great Plains

where drought and dust storms took place where drought and dust storms took place for much of the 1930s for much of the 1930s

New DealNew Deal – FDR’s program to help bring – FDR’s program to help bring America out of the Great Depression (His America out of the Great Depression (His STIMULUS PACKAGE!!!!) STIMULUS PACKAGE!!!!)

FDIC(Federal Deposit Insurance FDIC(Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)Corporation) – New Deal Program to – New Deal Program to ensure that bank deposits are safeensure that bank deposits are safe

TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority)TVA (Tennessee Valley Authority) – – Public works project that was created to Public works project that was created to help farmers and create jobs and help farmers and create jobs and hydroelectric powerhydroelectric power

Standard VII Standard VII CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) – New Deal – New Deal

program that put over 2.5 million men to work in program that put over 2.5 million men to work in the 1930sthe 1930s

Civil Works AdministrationCivil Works Administration – New Deal – New Deal program that created jobs for building or program that created jobs for building or improving roads, parks, airports, and other improving roads, parks, airports, and other facilities facilities

Social SecuritySocial Security – New Deal program that – New Deal program that provided old-age pensions, disability payments, provided old-age pensions, disability payments, and unemployment benefits and unemployment benefits

Second New DealSecond New Deal – FDR created this in – FDR created this in response to critics who said he was not doing response to critics who said he was not doing enough for ordinary Americansenough for ordinary Americans

Standard VIStandard VI

World War IIWorld War II Allied PowersAllied Powers – U.S., Britain, France, – U.S., Britain, France,

USSRUSSR Axis PowersAxis Powers – Germany, Italy, Japan – Germany, Italy, Japan AppeasementAppeasement – giving into someone – giving into someone

else’s demands in order to keep peace; else’s demands in order to keep peace; European countries resorted to this in European countries resorted to this in order to keep peace with Hitlerorder to keep peace with Hitler

Munich ConferenceMunich Conference – conference in – conference in which Britain and France agreed to let which Britain and France agreed to let Hitler have the Sudetenland Hitler have the Sudetenland

Standard VII – April 6Standard VII – April 6 Poland Poland – On Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler invaded – On Sept. 1, 1939, Hitler invaded

this country creating WWIIthis country creating WWII BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg – German tactic in which tanks, – German tactic in which tanks,

soldiers, and moving trucks rapidly attack soldiers, and moving trucks rapidly attack the enemy before they have time to reactthe enemy before they have time to react

JapanJapan – country that began to expand in the – country that began to expand in the Pacific, controlling most of China by 1940Pacific, controlling most of China by 1940

Pearl HarborPearl Harbor – On Dec. 7, 1941, the – On Dec. 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked this U.S. harbor in Hawaii. Japanese attacked this U.S. harbor in Hawaii. This signaled the U.S. entry into WWII. This signaled the U.S. entry into WWII.

Standard VIIStandard VII

WASPS, WAVES, WAC’SWASPS, WAVES, WAC’S – – Organizations of women that Organizations of women that participated in the military during WWIIparticipated in the military during WWII

StalingradStalingrad – Battle that was the – Battle that was the turning point of the war on the turning point of the war on the eastern fronteastern front

MidwayMidway – After this battle, Japan was – After this battle, Japan was unable to launch any more offensive unable to launch any more offensive operations in the Pacificoperations in the Pacific

Standard VIIStandard VII

FDR FDR – Leader of the U.S. during WWII – Leader of the U.S. during WWII StalinStalin – Leader of the USSR during – Leader of the USSR during

WWIIWWII HitlerHitler – Leader of Germany during – Leader of Germany during

WWIIWWII ChurchillChurchill – Leader of Great Britain – Leader of Great Britain

during WWIIduring WWII MussoliniMussolini – Leader of Italy during – Leader of Italy during

World War IIWorld War II

Standard VII Standard VII

KamikazesKamikazes – Japanese suicide – Japanese suicide planes during WWIIplanes during WWII

Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project – top secret – top secret project to create the atomic bombproject to create the atomic bomb

General EisenhowerGeneral Eisenhower – U.S. military – U.S. military leader in Europeleader in Europe

General MacArthurGeneral MacArthur – U.S. military – U.S. military leader in the Pacific leader in the Pacific

Standard VIIStandard VII

Concentration CampsConcentration Camps – Places – Places where prisoners of war and political where prisoners of war and political prisoners are confined, usually under prisoners are confined, usually under harsh conditionsharsh conditions

Hiroshima/Nagasaki Hiroshima/Nagasaki – U.S. dropped – U.S. dropped atomic bombs on these 2 cities in atomic bombs on these 2 cities in Japan at the end of WWIIJapan at the end of WWII

Internment CampsInternment Camps – U.S. rounded up – U.S. rounded up a large number of Japanese-Americans a large number of Japanese-Americans and relocated them in these campsand relocated them in these camps