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The Affordances of Pens and Paper
CS160: User InterfacesManeesh Agrawala
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• Clean interface• Good defaults (guess meaning of query)
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Results in context
WikiPut all your discussion thoughts in a single comment
Clearly indicate which reading each thought pertains to
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ReviewThe Design Cycle
Brainstorming
7. Evaluation 1. Acceptance
2. Analysis
3. Definition
4. Ideation5. Idea selection
6. Implementation
Topics• Affordances• Anoto Digital Pens• PADD• ButterflyNet• Other Applications
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Affordances
“… the term affordance refers to the perceived and actual properties of the thing, primarily those fundamental properties that determine just how the thing could possibly be used.
A chair affords support and therefore affords sitting. A chair can also be carried.”
The Design of Everyday Things. 1988. Don Norman
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What are the affordances of …
Knobs
Slots
Balls
Glass
Wood
What about pens and paper?Pens
Paper
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Affordances of pens and paperEasy to draw, write, annotate, …
– Use pens to create ink marks on paperEasy to read
– Dark ink on high contrast white paper– Can see marks in bright light and in low light– High resolution – can pack in lots of information
Easy to manipulate– Two-handed interactions and tactile feedback– Lightweight and flexible – can fold and tear easily
Easy to spread out and share– Large size facilitates collaboration– Can work with multiple document at once
Cheap– Easy to get more (but also easy to waste)
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Easy to draw, write, annotate, …Easy to readEasy to manipulateEasy to spread out and shareCheap
Paper VS Computer
Easy to draw, write, annotate, …Easy to readEasy to manipulateEasy to spread out and shareCheap
Very difficult to modify and update– Modification requires digital tools– Printing is slow and often not possible
Expensive to distribute and archive– Bits are much easier to move and save
Paper VS Computer
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Anoto Digital Pens
Captures position (x, y) in absolute coordinates, time (t) and pressure (pen up, down)
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What the pen sees
Transferring Data to Computer
Manual transfer via dock Automatic transfer via Bluetooth
Pen also provides page ID and pen ID
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Fly Pentop Computer [www.leapfrog.com]
Adds audio output to Anoto pensDesigned as (educational) toy for children
Paper VS Anoto
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Anoto VS Computer
PADD: Paper Augmented Digital Documents
Francois Guimbretiere
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ButterflyNet
Ron Yeh, Chunyuan Liao, Scott R. Klemmer, Francois Guimbretiere, Brian Lee, Boyko Kakaradov,
Jeannie Stamberger, Andreas Paepcke
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Structure Access Transform Share
Field Biologists
Capture- Paper notes- Photographs- Physical specimen
Field tools are…
Mobile
Physical
Flexible
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Video
Different AdvantagesPaper Notebooks [Robust, ∞ “Battery”, …]
Computers [Search, Storage, Sharing…]
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Other Uses of Anoto Pens
Teaching Sketching [Cheng et al. 2004]
Compare styles and stages of drawing of different artists
Compare sequence of drawing operations(drew perspective, then section, then plan view)
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Test for Driver Impairment [Davies et al.]
Tiplady Tracking Test: User follows track with a pen as quickly as possible while avoiding edge of track and obstacles.
Trail-Making Test: Users join dots in numbered sequence as quickly as possible.
Maps [Cohen & McGee 04]
Paper map– large size– high resolution– robust
Anoto allows– Remote collaboration– Connection to digital
information
Other types/uses of maps?
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Shared Family Calendar [Plaisant et al. 06]
Why is paper calendar useful?How can we facilitate sharing of calendars?
SummaryPens and paper have different affordances than computers
Anoto pens fall somewhere in between
Best to design interfaces and applications that take advantage of best of both worlds
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Next TimeIndividual project proposal due before class (Sep 11)
The Psychopathology of Everyday Things. The Design of Everyday Things. Chap 1. Norman.
Tangible multimodal interfaces for safety-critical applications. CACM. 2004. Cohen & McGee.
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