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Geological Survey Of Ethiopia
Staus of Geothermal Exploration and Development in Ethiopia
Solomon Kebede
ARGeo C6 Conference
November, 2016
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
ETHIOPIA • Country in the horn of Africa
• Total area - 1.13 million square km
• Over 90 million inhabitants
• Population growth rate – 2.3% per year
• Average annual GDP growth rate ~ 11 %
• Electricity grid geographic coverage – 55%
– Connectivity ~ 25% – Per capita electricity consumption < 100
kWh/yr • Generation capacity in the grid – 4200 MW
– Mainlly Hydro with some contribution from Wind, Diesel and Geothermal
• Current electrcity demand growth rate > 20%
Electricity status
Located in the centeral part of the EAR. A region of high heat flow.
The western branch starts near Tanzania craton and goes to
Mozamique. Eatern branch is better developed than Western
Regional Set Up
Horn of Afrika
EARS
Eastern
Western
Local Geological Setup
ERS
Main Ethiopian Rift and
Afar
The Wonji Fault Belt
Quaternary volcanoes at
its axis including Aluto
Volcano hosted high
temperature geothermal
systems with fracture
permeability
6
Geothermal Resources of Ethiopia
No. Site Site Survey
1 Dallol ☑
2 AllaloBeda(Tendaho-3) ☑
3 Boina ☑
4 DamAli ☑
5 Teo ☑
6 Danab ☑
7 Meteka ☑
8 Arabi ☑
No. Site Site Survey
9 Dofan ☑
10 Kone ☑
11 Nazareth ☑
12 Gedemsa ☑
13 Tulu Moya -
14 Finkilo (Aluto-2) ☑
15 Bobesa (Aluto-3) ☑
16 Abaya -
No. Site Site Survey
17 Fantale -
18 Boseti ☑
19 Corbetti -
20 Aluto-1 -
21 Tendaho-1 (Dubti) -
22 Tendaho-2(Ayro Beda) -
Addis
Ababa
Djibo
uti
Djibo
uti
Oro
mia 100 km
1
3
4 5
6
7 8
9
1
0 1
1 1
2 1
3 1
4
1
6
1
7 1
8
1
9
2
0
1
5
2
1
2
2 2
23 prospects in ERV
10,000 MW Potential (MP) High Temp/Good chemistry Various stages
Two prospects tested by
drilling
A pilot plant (7.2 MW) in
one prospect
The rest are under
surface investigation by
public and private sector
5km
LA-1
LA-2
LA-3LA-4
LA-5
LA-6LA-7
LA-8
P/P
Lake Langano
Lake Ziwayfumarole
hot spring
geothermal well
Aluto Langano Geothermal Field
Surface Exploration and Drilling in mid 1980s
Drilling of Eight wells ( 1300 – 2500m)
4 wells productive
Production Zone
Aluto Langano Geothermal Field Conceptual model in 1980s
Upflow LA -6, LA-3
LA -8, LA-4 marginal
Hot fluid uprise along a fault zone and lateral migration
Pilot Power Plant (End of 1990’s) using productive wells
Binary Plant
Plant Has Two Units
Geothermal Combined Cycle Unit
Steam enters backpressure turbine producing
electricity. Exhausted low pressure steam flows
to heat exchanger vaporizing pentane working
fluid. Pentane drives organic turbine / generator
OEC UNIT
Ormat Energy Converter Unit
Medium pressure steam and brine
Pentane absorbs heat from heat exchanger,
vaporizes, drives turbine, producing generating
electricity
Low pressure pentane flows to aircooled
condensers, liquefies, and is pumped back to
heat exchanger
ALUTO
GSE-EEP-World Bank-Government of Japan
Appraisal Drilling (Aluto: 4 wells)
Aim Current
status
Completion
time Project Cost
Resource
evaluation
and design
Drilling 2nd
Completed 2015
30 million
US$
Current Geothermal Projects
Aluto
All temperature profiles
and estimated stabilized
formation temperature
The stabilized formation
temperature was estimated
from the data set of the
temperature
recovery test. The estimated
formation temperature simply
increase with depth and
reach about 300oC at the well
bottom.
Estimated Formation temperature
Current Geothermal Projects
Aluto
World Bank-GoE Geothermal Sector Development Project
Aim Current status Completion time Project cost
Production
drilling at Aluto
and 70MW plant
and Test drilling
and 25 MW plant
at Allalobeda
Under Tender 2020 230 million
US$
Next Steps: purchase of drilling consumables, two rigs, drilling service
company power plants and construction
AFD-GoE Shallow Resource Devt and deep drilling
( Tendaho)
12 MW
Shallow
resource and 2
test wells (deep
resource)
Tendering process
has started 2018
> 20 million euro
Next Steps: geothermal consulting company, drilling service company,
12 MW plant purchase and and installation
Current Geothermal Projects
Aluto
Tendah
o
JICA Geothermal Exploration
Aim Current status Completion time Project cost
Exploration and
testing at
Ayrobera and
Boseti
Preparation to
commence field
work
2017
Ethio Jica Test well drilling Projects
Boseti
Ayrobera
Corbetti Geothermal Devt
Aim Current status Completion time Project cost
Exploration and
dvt of 500 MW
Preparation to
commence
drilling
2018 2 billion US$
Current Geothermal Projects
Private Sector
Coorbet
ti
HoT and detailed PPA signed with Corbetti Geothermal
Candidate under Power Africa initiative (USA)
OTHER IPP PROJECTS ( ORMAT- 4 areas), Cluff geothermal
( 2 areas) RG (2 areas)
Aim Current status Completion time
Exploration and
dvt Surface Exploration 2018
GEOTHERMAL LAW
Geothermal Resources Development Proclamation
Objectives
The objectives of this Proclamation are to:
1/ ensure that the country’s Geothermal Resources are
developed in an orderly, sustainable and environmentally
responsible manner;
2/ support the generation and delivery of electricity from
Geothermal Energy for local consumption and export;
3/ promote the use of Class II Geothermal Resources for
direct uses including space heating and cooling, industrial and
agricultural processes, refrigeration, green housing, aquaculture
and balneology;
4/ ensure security of tenure for all investors in respect of
Geothermal Resources development operations;
GEOTHERMAL LAW
Government Geothermal Operations
The Government may undertake Geothermal Operations, either by
itself or in partnership with private-sector investors. Geothermal
Resource exploration and development activities to the degree
where the Licensing Authority gets sufficient data to grant a
Wellfiled Development and Use License on a competitive basis.
Types of icenses
Reconnaissance License;
Exploration License; and
Geothermal Wellfield Development and Use License;
Future Plans
After hydropower geothermal is the next optimum resource to develop
Geothermal in the long term power development
o 2,500 MW by 2030
o 5,000 MW by 2037
By 2037 - 30% of energy generated in the grid
o Around 40,000 GWh
o Capital cost 4,000,000 $/MW
o 20 billion $ in 25 years
CONCLUSIONS
Geothermal is currently given high priority as base load
to complement hydro
Bilateral and Mutilateral Cooperations are very essential
to meet the ambitious geothermal development targets
The private sector would be the main player in
Geothermal Expploration and Development
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