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8/10/2019 Sri Lanka Experience-Jeeva
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Sri Lanka Experience on
Achievement of MillenniumDevelopment Goals
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Millennium Development Goals
Goal 1
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Goal 2 Achieve universal primary education
Goal 3 Promote gender equality and empower women
Goal 4 Reduce child mortality
Goal 5 Improve maternal health
Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability
Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development
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Goal 1Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Sri Lanka is on Track Made significant progress in poverty
reduction.
Proportion of people living below the povertyline sharply declined
from 26.1 % in 1990/2001
to 8.9 % in 2009/2010 On current trends, 13.1 % is likely to be
achieved much ahead of 2015.
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Goal 1Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
cont
In spite of favourable progress at nationallevel, there are considerable regional
disparities.
Incidence of poverty has declined in all
districts except in Nuwara Eliya and
Moneragala where poverty Head Count Index
is more than double national average.
Poverty in estate sector risen by more than 55
% points in 1990/91-2006/07, contrary to
general trend of steadily declining poverty.10/2/2013 4
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Goal 1Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
cont
Varied pace of poverty reduction and
disparities that exists in Sri Lanka is likely to
be linked to various physical and non-physical
inequalities that prevail among different
regions.
Sri Lanka could do better in achieving the
targets under Goal 1
If fruits of growth are extended to beyond theWestern province, and
through better targeting of welfare programmes,
and suitable strategies to reduce inequality.10/2/2013 5
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Goal 2Achieve universal primary education
Sri Lanka is on track
97.5 % primary enrolment rate nearinguniversal primary school enrolment
Proportion of pupils starting Grade 1 reachGrade 5 has increased to almost 100 % in
2006/07.
This achievement is reflected in the youthliteracy rate in the country.
Literacy level of 15-24 year olds in all regionshas also increased during 2003-2006/07;
it has crossed 95 % sectors and for both males
and females.10/2/2013 6
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Goal 2Achieve universal primary
education cont..
As Sri Lanka done well in providing universal
access to basic education,
Now the focus should be on improving the
quality of education and
Improving educational outcomes in the remote
areas and in the post-conflict areas.
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Goal 3Promote gender equality and
empower women
Sri Lanka has almost reached gender parity in
primary education with the ratio of girls to
boys in primary education reaching 99 % in
2006.
In secondary and tertiary education, the
proportion of girls to boys exceeds 100 %
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Goal 3Promote gender equality and
empower womencont..
However only a marginal increase in share of
women in wage employment in
non-agricultural sector from 30.8 % in 1993 to
32.2 %in 2006.
And rate of unemployment for women is twice
the rate for men.
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Goal 3Promote gender equality and
empower womencont..
Proportion of female members in National
Parliament still very low even though it has
increased from 3 % in 1947 to only 5.8 %at
present.
In order to enhance level of empowerment of
women need to encourage more women
representation in the political system
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Goal 4Reduce child mortality
Sri Lanka extraordinarily successful in reducingchild mortality over the last half century.
Its infant mortality rate became remarkably low
as compared to most developing countries and
there have also been sharp reductions in theunder-5 mortality rate.
Hence, the 2015 MDG mortality targets are wellwithin reach.
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Goal 4Reduce child mortality- cont..
Success in reducing child mortality is matched bynear universal immunization coverage for measlesand several other communicable diseases.
Mothers educational attainment has also played avital role on survival of children in their earlyyears of life
According MDG country report 2008 there is apositive correlation between infant deaths andmothers age, and her educational attainment.
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Goal 5Improve maternal health
Sri Lanka has consistently achieved considerablesuccess in reducing the Maternal Mortality Ratio.
With near-universal access to health care, and 98 %institutional deliveries, the country is on track to meetthe MDG on improving maternal health.
For further improvement, access to family planning andantenatal care are critical in reducing maternalmortality and morbidity.
However, the contraceptive prevalence rate which isone of the common indicators to monitor the use offamily planning has only shown a slight increase from66 per cent to 68 per cent between 1993 and 2006/07.
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Goal 6Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria
and other diseases
Sri Lanka remains as one of the few countriesin the region with a low-level HIV epidemic.
According to MDG country report 2008/09, acumulative total of 1,029 persons have beendetected with HIV infection, and 266 persons
with AIDS.
More than 60 % of reported HIV infections in2006 were in the Western province.
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Goal 6Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria
and other diseasescont..
Country is still vulnerable to development of
concentrated HIV epidemic due to high-risk
behavioral patterns and networks.
And only about one-third of population aged
15-24 years possesses comprehensive
knowledge about HIV infection.
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Goal 6Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria
and other diseasescont..
Even though spread of Malaria occurs in most
parts of the country, overall Malaria situation
in Sri Lanka is improving significantly.
There were no severe cases or deaths from
Malaria in 2006, though a total of 591 cases of
Malaria were reported.
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Goal 6Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria
and other diseasescont..
As Sri Lanka currently has an effectiveresponse to the tuberculosis epidemic, therehas been a significant decline in the incidence
of tuberculosis.
Sri Lanka may be unlikely to achieve the target
of halving the incidence and death rate due totuberculosis, unless it launches a specialprogramme to reduce the incidence oftuberculosis.
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Goal 7Ensure environmental sustainability
Sri Lankas forest coverage and CO2 emissions
situation has deteriorated steadily over time.
By the year 2005 the forest coverage has come down
to less than 30 % of the total land area
Per capita CO2 emission per year has increased from0.20 MT to 0.64 MT between 1990 and 2005.
Positive changes;
Consumption of ozone-depleting substances in Sri
Lanka has been gradually declining
Ratio of area protected to maintain biological diversity
to surface area has increased from 15.5 in 1990 to 17.2
in 2005.10/2/2013 19
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Goal 7Ensure environmental sustainability
In terms of access to improved drinking water andsanitation, nearly 85 % of households have access to
an improved drinking water source, and 94 % of
households to improved sanitation in 2006/07.
These already exceed the MDG targets of the country. However, there are still large disparities across the
sectors.
In rural areas access to improved water source dropsto 85 %, whereas in the estate sector less than three in
five households have similar access.
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Goal 8Develop a global partnership for
development
ODA works is one of sources to achieve MDGs in a
developing country.
Amount of ODA received by Sri Lanka as a % of
GNI declined from 5 % in 1992 to 3 % in 2005. Besides, the allocation of aid for the trade sector
remained minimal and allocation for agriculture
sector declined, even though these two sub-sectors
are important
and need more attention in order to create the
enabling environment for Sri Lanka to achieve the
first seven MDGs.10/2/2013 21
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Goal 8Develop a global partnership for
developmentcont..
There has been a rapid increase in access totelecommunication services in Sri Lanka since 1999.
% of households with personal computers has morethan doubled from 3.8 % in 2004 to 8.2 % in 2006/07.
Again disparity across the sectors is significant.
While 17.8 % of the urban households own acomputer, only 6.9 % and 1.1 % own computers inthe rural and estate sectors respectively
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