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SPD’s Surge Suppression Devices
GE Digital Energy
GE Enterprise Solutions
GE Digital Energy
GE Power Quality TVSS, UPS, ATS & PSG
Some things are beyond our control
Some things aren’t
Our investment in electronics such as computers, energy saving lighting systems, security, building automation, and video is dependent on the power quality without and within our facilities
We can’t control the forces of nature but we can protect our business critical sensitive electronics
2003 Black Out – North Eastern USA
The power outage of August 14, 2003 in the eastern part of N. America left 50 million people in the dark. 61,800 MW of load was disrupted for up to 4 days. When the power came back people lost electronic equipment.
Transient Voltage Surge Suppression
Overview
What is Transient Voltage ?
Voltage spikes are high energy short duration transient voltage events that damage or destroy sensitive electronic equipment. Measured in milliseconds they occur in a fraction of a cycle.
Equipment Affected
All equipment with printed circuit boards and microprocessors are susceptible to transient surge damage.
Characteristics: High level surges, 10kA – over 200kA
Immediate Catastrophic Damage
Examples:
• Lightning Strikes• Utility load switching• Fault Clearing • Crossed Power Lines• Damaged transformers
20% of Transients come from External Sources
These high energy transient
voltage surges (spikes) last less than a fraction of a second but cause catastrophic immediate damage to electronic equipment and circuit boards
Transient Voltage Surges are the culprits that are destroying this sensitive electronic equipment
Fuses and breakers simply cannot react fast enough to stop a transient voltage spike
Lightning Strike Density Isochronic map USA
Lightning causes between $250 - $500 million each year in property damage across the US.
* Based on analysis of insurance claims vs cloud –to-ground lightning flash data by the National Lightning
Detection NetworkMore than half of these losses are related to
electronics
ComputersElectronic BallastsCash RegistersATMsBuilding AutomationHVAC SystemsManufacturing EquipmentMedical EquipmentDrives PLCsElectronically Controlled MotorsSecurity SystemsAudio & Video Equipment Telephones
Sensitive Electronics
AM – PM It’s a matter of time
Your Choice
Pro-Actively protect your equipment now or spend more money and time repairing, replacing, procuring, & shipping.
Add to that down time, safety issues, lost production, compromised quality, compliance, penalties, and availability to name a few.
Are you cruising full speed ahead without
considering the cost ?
What’s the real cost of equipment failure ?
Labor Per Hour $30
High Bay Equipment $200
Procurement Cost $100
Transaction Cost $100
Disposal Cost $50
Downtime Cost $1000 +
Example: Ballast Cost $30
Characteristics: Low level Repeated multiple events Cause damage over time
Examples:
• Compressors• Inductive loads
– (i.e) motors & pumps• HVAC Units• Elevators• Drives – control elevators• Laser copiers• Cleaning equipment
– Vacuums, Floor polishers
80% of Transients come from Internal Sources
The cost of protecting sensitive electronics from damaging transient surges is only a
fraction of connected equipment investment
Facility Power Quality ReviewQualify & Quantify TVSS Needs
Six Easy Steps to Take1. Evaluate Protection measures currently in
place
2. Estimate $ value of electronic equipment
3. Fill out Surge Exposure Cost Worksheet
4. Review electrical distribution layout
5. Count number of electrical panels - note voltage
6. Select appropriate TVSS rating based on location
Financial Impact of Surge Damage
Asset PreventiveManagement Maintenance
Without transient voltage protection its only a matter of time before peak voltage spikes damage electronics and cause downtime
Typical Business Class HotelGuest Rooms:
TelevisionsFlat Panel TV in the Lobby Coffee MakersPTAC’sAppliancesCompact FluorescentsPhones
Office Equipment: Computers
Fax Machines Appliances
Security System:Camera Monitors
Guests: Lap Top Computers
Electronics Investment : Hotel ExampleGuest Rooms:
Televisions
Coffee MakersPTAC’sAppliances - MWO & REF
Compact FluorescentsPhones
Office Equipment/Lobby
Flat Panel TV (lobby) ComputersFax Machines Appliances
Security SystemCamera Monitors
Guests: Lap Top Computers
Qty:200200200200800
200
Qty:131 3
Qty: 22
Qty: 50
$/each$100
$20$500$200
$5$20
$/each $3000$1000
$200$200
$/each $100$100
$800
Total $2000
0$4000
$100000$40000
$4000$4000
Total$3000$3000
$200$600
Total $200$200
$40000
Total $220,000
Mid-ScaleLimited Service200 RoomsOccupancy 100%
Employee productivity per hour
Employee wages and benefits per hour - include hourly and salary _______
Revenue per hour
Transactions per hour (x) Average transaction $ value (Qty per Hr x Avg. $ per Hr) =_______
or
Normal revenue per hour during peak operation period _______
Estimated Labor Repair Costs
IT, Maintenance, Electricians, Logistics _______
Lost Future Revenues
Negatively affected customers may go to competition alternatives for months or years _______
Total Hourly Downtime Cost (excluding equipment replacement) _____
Dollarize - Surge Exposure Cost WorksheetTotal Electronic equipment investment
Dollar value of connected electronic equipment of a typical facility
Include all equipment with printed circuit boards such as PCs, UPS, printers, telephones, meters,
switches, registers, TV, LCD and Plasma displays, and electronically controlled lighting ballasts
Total Equipment at Risk_____
What are you doing to protect your Facilities Electronics?
•
Nothing?
TVSS Technology
1 – 100kA High Energy MOV per Mode
GE TVSS Design – High Energy MOV
L G
G
L-G= 100kA
Phase A
Multiple small electronic grade MOV’s mounted in arrays connected in parallel.
Typical TVSS Design – Small MOV Arrays
G
L-G= 100kA
Phase A
The Requirement for Exact Matching of MOV’s can present potential problems.
Since MOV’s are non-linear, matching at lower energy levels does not mean the same performance at higher levels
100kA Rated Array
(10kA per MOV)
40-50kA Total Energy Transient
Tighter Clamping MOV’s cannot withstand energy level.
Reduced RatingPotential Problems
caused by non-matched arrays
G
L-G= < 90kA
Phase A
Other Poorly Matched MOV’s are weakened, reducing the theoretical rating.
Typical TVSS Design – Small MOV Arrays
Previously Weakened/Degraded MOV’s are now destroyed.
Further Reduced Rating
L-G= < 70kA
Tighter Clamping MOV’s cannot withstand energy level.
Subsequent Surges can cause further damage…even with less energy
G
Phase A
Other Poorly Matched MOV’s are weakened, reducing the theoretical rating even lower.
Typical TVSS Design – Small MOV Arrays
20-30kA Total Energy Transient
GE TVSS Design – High Energy MOV
L G
Rating is Maintained
MOV DOES NOT FAIL!
G
Phase A
L-G= 100kA
40-50kA Total Energy Transient
GE TVSS Design vs Typical MOV design
GE TVSS Products Incorporate High Energy Metal Oxide
Varistor Components
48mm Diameter Dual Wafer
Tested to 100kA
20mm Diameter MOV’s
Rated 6kA - 10kA
Many Manufacturers
Use Smaller, Electronic Grade
MOV Arrays
VS.
Maximum Duty Copper Bus
StructureUsed in High Energy
TR7000 Models
GE TVSS Design – Components Serial to Surge Path
GE TVSS Design – Components Serial to Surge Path
Low ImpedanceSurge Rated Disconnect SwitchIndependent test facility verification for 200kA – 8/20us withstand
(Optional on Some Models / Recommended when direct bus mounting is required)
GE TVSS Design – Components Serial to Surge Path
*TPR7000 Series do not require current limiting fuses dueto their enhanced thermal disconnect feature.
Surge Fusing included on TR5000 and TR7000 models only.
*Surge Rated Current Fuses
NEW! GE TPR7000 series models are equipped with Enhanced Thermally Protected Metal Oxide Varistor (TPMOV) Technology
GE TVSS Design – Enhanced Thermal Protection
TPMOV Features
Robust 34 mm2 MOV design.(Equal to 40mm round MOV’s)
Thermal Disconnect with proprietary eutectic bond to MOV body.
High dielectric strength arc suppression shield.
GE TVSS Design – MOV Types
Q: When should I specify GE TPR7000 models with TPMOV technology instead of equally rated TR7000 models?
A: GE TPR7000 series TVSS models are NEC and UL compliant to be installed directly on the power system bus at any location on the load side of the Main Service Breaker or Fuse. This provides flexibility of installation when a dedicated breaker is not used.
Use GE TR5000 or GE TR7000 series if a dedicated circuit breaker is to be applied for outstanding clamping performance
Vs.
TVSS Application
GE TR Series TVSS
NEW !
GE TPR7000 series models are equipped with Enhanced Thermally Protected Metal Oxide Varistor (TPMOV) Technology
GE TVSS Design – Enhanced Thermal Protection
GE TVSS Products - TR SeriesWall Mounted Nema Enclosed
Service Entrance 150 – 300kA per mode
Primary Distribution 80 – 125kA per mode
Secondary Distribution 65 – 80kA per mode
Point of Use 25 – 50kA per mode
GE Recommends a minimum of (2) levels of TVSS protection for best results per ANSI/IEEE Emerald book recommended practices.
Service Entrance
Category C
Distribution Category B
Point of Use
Category A
Primary & Secondary Distribution
Main…
…
…
Security Computers Video
Drives Motors
…
Internal Transient Sources
Xfmr480V – 120V
Internal / External Transient Source
External Transient Sources
…
Layered TVSS Protection per ANSI/IEEE C62.41 Categories of Exposure
A/C
Branch Panels 120V
Sensitive Loads
Main
Transformer
…
… …
ElectronicBallasts
480V
120V480V
480V
TVSS
TVSS TVSS TVSS TVSS TVSS TVSS
TVSS
TVSS Application
Reasons for Layered System Protection
1) ANSI/IEEE C62.41,45 Emerald Book Guide to TVSS Application Outlines cascading TVSS approach for all categories and exposure levels
2) High level voltage spikes can get past service entrance Voltage spikes from high kA transients can still damage downstream equip
3) Internally generated transients – 80% of all transients Service entrance TVSS cannot provide protection from internal surges
4) Unexpected external transients in distribution – ie Rooftop AC Lightning strikes on building or nearby bring high kA transients into distribution
5) Redundant layered protection at multiple levels Additional layers protect sensitive electronics if upstream devices fail
TVSS Installation - Bonding Requirements for Grounded Systems
X3 X2
X1
X0
PHASE C
PHASE B
PHASE A
NEUTRAL
Bonding JumperRef. NEC 250 - 30 (a) (1)
Grounding ElectrodeRef. NEC 250 - 30 (a) (4)
Primary Dist.Panel w/Overcurrent
or Service Disconnect Means
Grounding ElectrodeConductor Ref. NEC
250.62 - 250.64 - 250.66
GROUND
Equipment GroundingConductor Ref. NEC
250.32 (B) (1)
N G
Note:Primary transformer windings
not shown for simplicity
Lighting Ballasts clearly showed sensitivity to everyday transient activity generated inside and outside of commercial and industrial buildings, regardless of manufacturer. GE TVSS eliminated harmful transient surges that can greatly reduce the overall operational life of common products like lighting ballasts resulting in significant cost savings in equipment, reduced downtime and maintenance.
With GE TVSS
30’ 10 AWG Cable
UU
T
Surge Generator
GE TVSS
Protected Lighting Assembly
30’ 10 AWG Cable
UU
T
Surge Generator
Unprotected Lighting Assembly
Without TVSS
Double Blind Ballast Surge Test – IEEE Paper9 Models, 4 Manufacturers
L1
L2
L3
N
3PH / 4W / WYE
TVSS Installation System Voltage Configurations
L1
L2
L3
3PH / 3W / WYE
L1
L2
L3
3PH / 3W / DELTA
L3
L1
L2
N
3PH / 4W / HI LEG DELTA
1PH / 3W / SPLIT PHASE
L1
L2
N
L1
L2
N
1PH / 3W / WYE120Y, 220Y,
240Y, 277Y, 347Y240D, 480D, 600D 240H
240D, 480D, 600D 120S 120S
Product:
Features
Benefits
GE TR7000, TPR7000 and TR5000 TVSS Summary
Reduced Maintenance costs.
Protect investment in sensitive electronics such as electronic ballasts and computers from damaging voltage spikes.
GE TR7000 TPR7000 and TR5000 Series TVSS Transient Voltage Surge Suppression
Easily installs on new or existing branch panels feeding lighting or computer loads.
Application: Education, Retail, Warehouse, Plants, Office complex.
Terms : Power quality, Spikes, Lightning strikes, Over-voltages, Swell, Sag.
Outstanding performance and longevity characteristics. Protects multiple electronics – All loads fed from the protected panel
Available in 120, 277,480 and 600Volts.
Recommended