Small Fruit Culture. Soil Test Most plants – pH 6-6.5 Blueberry – pH 4.5-5.2

Small Fruit Small Fruit CultureCulture

Soil TestSoil Test

Most plants – pH 6-6.5Most plants – pH 6-6.5

Blueberry – pH 4.5-5.2Blueberry – pH 4.5-5.2

Incorporate Incorporate recommended lime recommended lime

12” deep12” deep

Use Sulfur to lower Use Sulfur to lower the pH for the pH for

blueberries six blueberries six months before months before

plantingplanting

Apply Phosphorus Apply Phosphorus before planting if before planting if

neededneeded

Northern HighbushNorthern Highbush – High – High MountainsMountains

Piedmont and Coastal Plain Piedmont and Coastal Plain from NC northwardfrom NC northward

Southern HighbushSouthern Highbush – Coastal – Coastal Plain and PiedmontPlain and Piedmont

RabbiteyeRabbiteye – Coastal Plain and – Coastal Plain and PiedmontPiedmont

Northern HighbushNorthern Highbush

Blue Crop: Early SeasonBlue Crop: Early Season Jersey: Mid-seasonJersey: Mid-season Elliot: Late SeasonElliot: Late Season

Rabbiteyes for Piedmont Rabbiteyes for Piedmont and Lower Mountainsand Lower Mountains

Brightwell: Early – Brightwell: Early – Mid SeasonMid Season

Tifblue: Late Tifblue: Late SeasonSeason

Powderblue: Late Powderblue: Late SeasonSeason

Centurion: Very Centurion: Very Late SeasonLate Season

Blueberry SpacingBlueberry Spacing

Standard – 6’ x 12’Standard – 6’ x 12’

Hedge – 4’ within rowHedge – 4’ within row

Three Sexual Types of Three Sexual Types of MuscadinesMuscadines

MaleMale

FemaleFemale

Perfect floweredPerfect flowered

Fresh Fruit Muscadine Fresh Fruit Muscadine VarietiesVarieties

Fry – female, bronzeFry – female, bronze Summit – self-fertile, bronzeSummit – self-fertile, bronze Triumph – perfect flowered, blackTriumph – perfect flowered, black Cowart – perfect flowered, blackCowart – perfect flowered, black Loomis – female, blackLoomis – female, black Nesbit – perfect flowered, black, Nesbit – perfect flowered, black,

cold hardy cold hardy

Processing Muscadine Processing Muscadine VarietiesVarieties

Dixie – perfect flowered, bronze, Dixie – perfect flowered, bronze, wine, juice, cold hardywine, juice, cold hardy

Golden Isles – perfect flowered, Golden Isles – perfect flowered, bronze, wine, juice, non-”musky” bronze, wine, juice, non-”musky” aromaaroma

Carlos – perfect flowered, bronze, Carlos – perfect flowered, bronze, wine, juice, cold hardywine, juice, cold hardy

Noble – perfect flowered, black, wine, Noble – perfect flowered, black, wine, jellyjelly

Muscadine SpacingMuscadine Spacing

Rows – 12’Rows – 12’

Within Row – 20’Within Row – 20’

Fig VarietiesFig Varieties

Figs are not recommended for the Figs are not recommended for the mountainsmountains

Plant Celeste variety in the PiedmontPlant Celeste variety in the Piedmont

Celeste and Alma have closed “eyes”Celeste and Alma have closed “eyes”

Plant Figs About Plant Figs About 15 Feet Apart15 Feet Apart

Fig Fruit Drop is Fig Fruit Drop is CommonCommon

Too vigorousToo vigorous

Too dry or hotToo dry or hot

Nematode infestedNematode infested

Erect Blackberry Erect Blackberry VarietiesVarieties

ChoctawChoctaw CheyenneCheyenne CherokeeCherokee ShawneeShawnee NavajoNavajo ArapahoArapaho KiowaKiowa

Trailing Blackberry Trailing Blackberry VarietiesVarieties

Thornless Thornless

HullHull

ChesterChester ThornyThorny

GemGem

Bramble SpacingBramble Spacing

Trailing – 10’ x 12’Trailing – 10’ x 12’

Erect – 8’ x 12’Erect – 8’ x 12’

Erect Hedge – 2’ x 4’Erect Hedge – 2’ x 4’

within rowwithin row

Blackberry ShootsBlackberry Shoots

11stst Year – Vegetative (primocanes) Year – Vegetative (primocanes)

22ndnd Year – Fruiting and Death Year – Fruiting and Death

Raspberry VarietiesRaspberry Varieties

Coastal Plain and PiedmontCoastal Plain and Piedmont Dorman Red Dorman Red Trailing Trailing

Spring-bearingSpring-bearing Low QualityLow QualityUpper Piedmont and MountainsUpper Piedmont and Mountains Redwing or Fall-bearingRedwing or Fall-bearing Heritage ErectHeritage Erect

Excellent QualityExcellent Quality

Plant Dorman Red Raspberries Plant Dorman Red Raspberries 10 Feet Apart (trellis required)10 Feet Apart (trellis required)

Plant Erect Red Raspberries Plant Erect Red Raspberries 1-2 Feet Apart1-2 Feet Apart

Recommended Strawberry Recommended Strawberry VarietiesVarieties

CardinalCardinal

EarliglowEarliglow

SurecropSurecrop

AtlasAtlas

ApolloApollo

Planting Distance Planting Distance StrawberryStrawberry

18”-24”18”-24”

48”48”

Matted Rows - Matted Rows - StrawberryStrawberry

2’2’ 2’2’

Renovation Steps Just After Renovation Steps Just After Harvest From the Second Harvest From the Second

Year OnYear On Mow off leaves with a lawn mower Mow off leaves with a lawn mower

set in the high position (do not set in the high position (do not damage crownsdamage crowns

Rototill or hoe up most of matter Rototill or hoe up most of matter row except an eight inch wide strip row except an eight inch wide strip of daughter plantsof daughter plants

Bunch Grape SpacingBunch Grape Spacing

12’12’

10’10’

Selecting Small Selecting Small FruitsFruits

Small FruitsSmall Fruits

Most need only a few pesticide Most need only a few pesticide applicationsapplications