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Prehistoric Art
Venus of Willendorf, 25,000 BCE
Paleolithic: Until about 10,000 BCE
Neolithic: About 10,000-3000 BCE
Key Subjects:
*Fertility
*Spiritual Figures/Deities
*Animals
Cave wall painting, Lascaux, France, 15,000-13,000 BCE
Egypt
Old kingdom: 2940-2134 BCE
Middle kingdom: 2040-1640 BCE
New kingdom: 1550-1070 BCE
Pyramids at Giza, 2530-2570 BCE
Major Themes:
*Monuments
*The Afterlife
*The Pharaoh
Palette of Kind Narmer, 3000-2920 BCE
MesopotamiaMajor Themes:
*Cuneiform—”Wedge-shaped” writing system
*Royalty
*Religion
Ziggurat, Ur, 2100 BCE (Neo-Sumerian)
Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, 2254-2218 BCE
Stele with Law Code of Hammurabi, 1780 BCE
Cycladic Art
Figures of musicians, Syros (Cyclades) 2500-2300 BCE
GreeceMycenae: 2300-1100 BCE
Geometric period: 1100-700 BCE
Orientalizing Phase: 735-650 BCE
Archaic: 700-400 BCE
Classical:480-325 BCE
Hellenistic:323-330 BCE
2800-100 BCE
Kouros, 575-550 BCE
“Archaic Smile”
Exekias
“Achilles and ajax playing a dice game”
Black-figure amphora, 540-530 BCE
Polykleitos, “Spear Bearer,” 450-440 BCE
Myron, “Discus thrower,” 450 BCE
Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens, Greece, 447-448 BCE
Rome750 BCE- 476 CE
Portrait head of a Roman patrician, 75-50 BCE
Augustus as general, 20 BCE
Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius, 175 CE
Republic of Rome: 200-27 BCE
Roman Empire: until 476 CE
Pantheon, 118-125 CE
Colosseum, 72-80 CE
Basilica Nova (Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine,) 306-312 CE
Byzantine ArtByzantine Empire: 500-1435 CE
Hagia Sophia, Constantinople (Now it’s Istanbul ) 532-537
Mosaic details from the interior of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, 526-247
ICONS!
Japan
Jomon: 10, 500-300 BCE
Yayoi: 300 BCE-300 CE
Jomon cord-marked coil pottery
Yayoi period Dotaku (cast-bronze bell)
Other terms:
Ukiyo-e
Kami
India
Great Stupa, Sanchi, India
3rd century BCE--1st Century CE
Mandala—sacred diagram of the universe
Vishvanatha Temple, Khajuraho, India, 1000 CE
China
Army of the First Emperor of Qin, Lintong, China, 210 BCE
Yangshao culture (northeastern China)– 5000-3000 BCE
Earthenware and Stoneware pottery—patterned slip decoration
Examples of Chinese painting, calligraphy, and poetry—the three are closely connected
Medieval Art and Architecture
Romanesque: 1000-1150 CE
Gothic: 1100-1400 CE
Major themes:
Light
Monastic traditions
The quest for HEIGHT
Relics & Pilgrimages
IlluminationBayeux tapestry detail, 1073-1083 CE
Abbey Church of Ste. Foy—Romanesque pilgrimage church
Reims Cathedral—Gothic cathedral
Islamic Art &
Architecture
Terms:
*Minaret
*Mihrab
Cordoba Mezquita, Spain
Stylized, flowing imagery from nature; calligraphic words and poetry
Decorations without human figures!
The Italian Renaissance
Early Renaissance: 1400-1450
High Renaissance: 1495-1520
Madonna and Child Enthroned, Giotto, 1310
Major Themes:
*Humanism
*Greek influence
*Naturalism; art and architecture informed by math and science
“David,” Michelangelo, 1504
“The Last Supper,” Leonardo da Vinci, 1495-97
The Northern Renaissance
1350-1600
Major Themes:
*Emerging merchant class
*Oil paint
*Genre painting
“Arnolfini portrait,” Jan van Eyck, 1434
Mannerism1525-1600
“Madonna of the Long Neck,” Parmigianino, 1534-40
A departure from the naturalism of the renaissance—Stylized, elongated figures and vivid, emotional colors.
“The Holy Trinity,”
El Greco, 1577-79
The Baroque
1590-1750
A response to the Protestant reformation.
Characterized by strong diagonals, tenebrism, emotional intensity, and high DRAMA.
“The Calling of St. Matthew,” Caravaggio, 1599-1600
Rococo Art18th Century France
“The Swing,” Jean-Honore Fragonard, 1767
Delicate, playful, frivolous art and interior design.
Romanticism 1800-1850
“Youth” from The Voyage of Life, Thomas Cole, 1842
“Saturn Devouring one of his Children,” Goya, 1819-23
Exploration of “The Sublime”
RealismMid-19th Century
A reaction to romanticism—commonplace scenes without exaggerated emotion.
“The Stone-Breakers,” Gustave Courbet, 1849-50
ImpressionismLate 19th, Early 20th Century
“Impression, Sunrise,” Claude Monet, 1872
Interested in capturing the ‘feel’ of a moment in time, not the finer details of a scene.
Post-Impressionism
Late 19th, Early 20th Century
Expands upon and employs Impressionist techniques, but with different goals in mind—Emphasis on unnatural colors, geometric forms, and more expressive content.
“Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte,” Georges Seurat, 1884-86
“Vision After the Sermon,” Paul Gauguin, 1888
African Art
Terra Cotta sculptures
Nok culture: 500BCE-200CE (Nigeria)
Key Characteristics:
*Emphasis on the human figure
*Sculptural art
*Functional/Ritual artworks
*Visual Abstraction
7000 BCE—earliest tribal rock drawings and carvings, showing hunters and animals
Cast bronze head
Yoruba culture, Nigeria 12th century CE
Wooden mask
Dogon culture, Mali
Cubism1907-1920
“Violin and Candlestick,” Georges Braque, 1910
“Les Demoiselles d’Avignon,” Pablo Picasso, 1907
Analytic vs. Synthetic
Representation of multiple surfaces and views of a subject in one image.
Dada1916-1922
An anti-war movement that rejected and mocked the standards of art through multi-media, ‘anti-art’ productions.
“Cut with the Dada Kitchen Knife through the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in
Germany,” Hannah Hoch, 1919 “Fountain,” Marcel Duchamp, 1917
Social Realism
1920-1940
“Migrant Mother,” Dorothea Lange, 1936
Unglamorous images of social injustice, poverty, and the struggles of the working class.
(Not to be confused with “Socialist Realism,” institutionalized by Josef Stalin at around the same time.)
Abstract Expressionism
1945-1960
*Color Field & Action Painting
*Emotionally charged, non-objective work
“No. 5,” Jackson Pollock, 1948“Red, Orange, tan, and Purple,” Mark Rothko, 1954
Pop Art1950-1960’s
Ironically employs imagery and techniques from popular mass culture, rather than the ‘elitist’ imagery associated with fine art.
“Drowning Girl,” Roy Lichtenstein, 1953
“One Hundred Cans,” Andy Warhol, 1962
Postmodern and Contemporary Art1960’s--present
“Postmodern” is used for contemporary artworks that arise from, or react to, trends in modern art movements.
*Installation Art
*Conceptual Art
*Neo-Expressionism
*New Classicism“One and Three Chairs,” Joseph Kosuth, 1965
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