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Ch. 1Art before History What does “art before history” mean?

Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

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Page 1: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Ch. 1‐ Art before History

What does “art before history” mean?

Page 2: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Prehistoric Europe & the Near East

Page 3: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Overview

• Paleolithic Art introduces the capability of humankind. – Representational images appear in Asia, Africa & Europe.

• Cave dwellers created a fixed environment which identified their time and space.

• Cave dwellers possibly invented symbols to ritualize their domain and give birth to the beginnings of understanding the world around them.  

– They created the “hunt” on cave walls & began the art of representation.

Page 4: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Anthropomorphism

Human with feline head, from Hohlenstein‐Stadel, Germany, ca. 30,000–28,000 BCE. Mammoth ivory, 11 5/8” high. Ulmer Museum, Ulm. 

Anthropomorphism ‐ the attribution of human form or behavior  to a deity, animal, etc ‐ human body (male/female?) & feline head‐ purpose/function?

Page 5: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Animal facing left, from the Apollo 11 Cave, Namibia, ca. 23,000 BCE. Charcoal on stone, 5” X 4 1/4”. State Museum of Namibia, Windhoek. 

Animals are the most commonsubject in Prehistoric Art

Page 6: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Female FigurinesNude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000 BCE. Limestone, 4 1/4” high. Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna.

What is known about this Venus?

Function?

Features?

Why is it called “Venus”? Is that a contemporary term or one used by its creators?

Page 7: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Female FigurinesWoman holding a bison horn, from Laussel, France, ca. 25,000–20,000 BCE. Painted limestone, approx. 1’ 6” high. Musée d’Aquitaine, Bordeaux.

How does this differ & how is itsimilar to the Venus of Willendorf?

*function*features 

Page 8: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Top: Reclining woman, rock‐cut relief on the right wall of the first corridor in the middle cave at La Madeleine des Albis, France, ca. 12,000 BCE. 2’ 3 5/8” long. Bottom: Drawing of the reclining woman in the middle cave at La Magdelaine (Siegfried Giedion). 

Based on what you know so far, what assumptions can be made about this image?

*function , location, etc

Page 9: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Bison

Two bison, from the cave at Le Tucd’Audoubert, France, ca. 15,000–10,000 BCE. Clay, each 2’ long.

Page 10: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Twisted Perspective

Figure 1‐8Bison with turned head, from La Madeleine, France, ca. 12,000 BCE. Reindeer horn, 4” long.

Why is this called twisted perspective?

Page 11: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Twisted Perspective

Palette of Narmer, 3000 BCE

12,000 BCE

Red figure vase, 440 BCE

Page 12: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Cave Paintings inFrance

Layout, Lascaux

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UnSq0c7jM‐A

Page 13: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Hall of Bulls

Page 14: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Spotted horses and negative hand imprints, wall painting in the cave at Pech‐Merle, France, ca. 22,000 BCE. 11’ 2” long.

Page 15: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Compare + Contrast

“Chinese horse,” detail of the left wall in the Axial Gallery of the cave at Lascaux, France, ca. 15,000–13,000 BCE. Horse, 4’ 11” long.

cave at Pech‐Merle, 22,000 BCE

Page 16: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Cave Painting in Spain

Bison, detail of a painted ceiling in the cave at Altamira, Spain, ca. 12,000–11,000 BCE. 

Page 17: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Altamira Cave

Page 18: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

New Subjects Appear….Rhinoceros, wounded man and disemboweled bison, painting in the well of the cave at Lascaux, France ca. 15,000 – 13,000 BCE. 

What event is being represented? Can it be considered a narrative? Meaning of the depiction?

Page 19: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Neolithic Art• The Neolithic is marked by the beginning of domesticated crops and animals and the development of crafts– This was impossible before because of a nomadic lifestyle 

• Most significant is the invention of fired ceramics. – Food production replaced food gathering. – This is first seen in the Near East.

• Art becomes an important part of community living, describing the community and the aesthetic vision of its people.– Neolithic art visually expressed communities’ thinking, philosophy and religion.

Page 20: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Permanent Structures

What is a possible purpose of these towers/walls? Why would such massive towers/wallsbe needed?

Great stone tower built into the settlement wall, Jericho, ca. 8000–7000 BCE

Page 21: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Human skull with restored features, from Jericho, ca. 7200–6700 BCE. Features modeled in plaster, painted, and inlaid with seashells. Life size. Archaeological Museum, Amman

Human figure, from Ain Ghazal, Jordan, ca. 6750–6250 BCE. Plaster, painted and inlaid with bitumen, 3’ 5 3/8” high. Louvre, Paris

HUMAN FIGURES

Page 22: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

7500 B.C. to 5700 B.C

Page 23: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Catal Huyuk, Turkey

Restored view of a section of Level VI, Çatal Huyük, Turkey, ca. 6000–5900 BCE (John Swogger).

Page 24: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000
Page 25: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Landscapes

Landscape with volcanic eruption (?), watercolor copy of a wall painting from Level VII, Çatal Huyük, Turkey, ca. 6150 BCE.

Page 26: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Compare + Contrast Neolithic Artists Developments

6750–6250 BCE                               25,000‐20,000 BCE                              28,000‐25,000 BCE

1. Function, 2. Evolution of figure, 3. Individuality

Page 27: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Compare + ContrastNeolithic Artists Developments

1. Content, 2. Painting technique

Lascaux, 15,000 – 13,000 BCE

Deer hunt, detail of a wall painting from Level III, Çatal Huyük, Turkey, ca. 5750 BCE. 

Page 28: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Western Europe

Aerial view of the ruins of Hagar Qim, Malta

Hagar Qim is thought to date ca. 3600 to 3200 BCE. Unlike most other Maltese temples, it is a single temple rather than a complex of two or three. 

Monumental Architecture

Page 29: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

IrelandGallery leading to the main chamber of the passage grave, Newgrange, Ireland, ca. 3200 – 2500 BCE. 

Page 30: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Scotland

House 1, Skara Brae, Scotland, ca. 3100–2500 BCE.

Page 31: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

England

Aerial views of Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain, England, ca. 2550–1600 BCE.  Circle is 97' in diameter; trilithons 24' high.

Was Stonehenge a temple for sun worship, a healing centre, a burial site or perhaps a huge calendar? 

How did our ancestors manage to carry the mighty stones from so far away and then, using only the most primitive of tools, build this amazing structure? 

Page 32: Ch. 1 Art before History - Riverside City Collegewebsites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week1-Prehistory.pdf · Nude woman (Venus of Willendorf), from Willendorf, Austria, ca. 28,000–25,000

Compare + Contrast

Fig. 1‐1 Fig. 1‐20Aerial view of the ruins of Hagar Qim,  Stonehenge, Salisbury Plain, EnglandMalta, ca. 3200‐2500 BCE. 2550‐1600 BCE.