New England Colonies ~1620~. The Thirteen Colonies

New England Colonies~1620~

The Thirteen Colonies

Puritans

Most English people attended the Church of England

A group wanted to “purify” the religion to concentrate on the word of God found in the Bible

Persecuted in England for going against the church, called separatists

Separatists wanted to separate from the English church entirely, while Puritans wanted to purify it

William Bradford lead a group of wandering Puritans and seperatists( known as Pilgrims) to the Netherlands.

The Beginning of Change

September 1620~ Left Netherlands, felt like visitors

35 Pilgrims and 67 hired craftsmen

Headed for Virginia on Mayflower to start settlement

Blown off course, landed off Cape Cod on December 26th, 1620

Should they stay or sail down the coast to find VA?

Plimoth PlantationArea First discovered by Champlain

Mayflower Compact

Some wanted to go onto VA, some wanted to stay

Men had to sign an agreement before leaving the ship

Stated “for the good of the colony, everyone would obey the leaders and stay together to start a settlement”

Contract provided for a government and set laws for the colonists

Elected John Carver as first governor

Smoothe Sailing?

Winter, no time to plant

Ground not fertile, climate wet and cold

Hardships were many

sickness, half died

buried with unmarked graves

Indians~1621

Heard many frightening stories about

Weren’t expecting Samoset

Limited English

Asked to spend the night

Samoset

Algonkian chief

Squanto- Tisquantum

Learned English from traders

Became a trusted friend to the Pilgrims

Lessons from Squanto

Burying fish in the ground

Where wild herbs grew

Which berries and plants were safe to eat

Where to fish

How to hunt without guns

Served as translator, made peace treaty with Chief Massasoit (Wampanoag)~lasted until Massasoit’s death in 1661 (King Philip’s War began)

Could not have survived without Squanto!

Peace Treaty with Wampanoag Indians

Pilgrims and Wampanoag would never attack each other

Help defend each other from other attacks

No stealing

Return anything taken previously (tools and corn)

Change of Leadership

• John Carver died

• People chose William Bradford as the new Governor of Plimoth (Plymouth)

• To thank the Indians Bradford invited them to a harvest celebration

• Colony thrived and grew over the next 10 years

Massachusetts Bay Colony

1630

Another group of English colonists led by John Winthrop

Puritan communities grew and prospered

Established Harvard, first college in America for young men

Not all Puritans believed in harsh rules

Puritan Beliefs Lead to New Colonies

No dancing

No playing cards

Harsh punishments, locked in stocks, branded, or banished

Must belong to one church and follow all rules

Roger Williams

Disagreed with Puritan leaders and rules

Thought it wrong to take Algonquin land and to punish other’s for religious beliefs

Put on trial and to be sent back to England

Governor Winthrop let him slip away

1636~Began a new settlement in Rhode Island after getting a charter from England

First to separate government and religion

Anne Hutchinson

Came from England 1634

Believed each individual has a personal relationship with God whether Puritan or not

Took power away from ministers

Made women have a voice

Brought to trial and banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony ~1638

Fled to RI and then New York

Mary Dyer

Friend of Anne Hutchinson

Followed Quaker beliefs that all people were equally important to God

Banished from MA

Returned and continued spreading beliefs

Hanged on May 31, 1660

Maine Colony

Many Native American tribes prior to English and French exploration

1622 England gave Maine and NH to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and John Mason

1629 Split the land up. Gorges took Maine

1677 Massachusetts bought Maine from Gorge’s heirs

New Hampshire

Founded on a land grant in 1622

When split, Capt. John Mason took NH

Names NEW Hampshire after Hampshire England

Thomas HookerConnecticut

Puritan clergyman who was ordered to appear before the court for nonconformist preaching

Fled to Holland, finally to Newtown (Cambridge)

Had a disagreement with a Puritan leader and was banished

Went in 1636 to found Hartford Conn. along with approx. 86 others

Shared in writing the Fundamental Orders (1st constitution)

Middle Colonies

Colony of Pennsylvania

1681 Started by a Quaker, William Penn

Gave up wealth and prestige for religious freedom, left England

Asked King Charles II for a large piece of North America

Named land “Penn’s Woods”

Wrote the Charter of Liberties

New York

1624 Peter Minuit bought Manhattan from the Algonquin for $24

New Jersey

Delaware

Southern Colonies

Colony of Maryland

Started by a catholic, Lord Baltimore (George Calvert) seeking religious freedom

Provided a safe place to practice their religion