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minerals from.
Lesson 3: Vitamins and Minerals
minerals from.
Understand the role of
vitamins and minerals
in the diet.
Know the difference
between fat soluble and
water soluble vitamins.
Identify the foods we
get different vitamins
and minerals from.
To show progress today I should …
Lesson Plan
Vitamins and Minerals: called ‘Micro
Nutrients’ meaning we need them in
small amounts.
Water Soluble: dissolves in water
Fat Soluble: dissolves in fat
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Vitamins are chemicals found naturally in food. With the exception of Vitamin D,
which can be manufactured through the action of sunlight on the skin, vitamins
cannot be made by the body, and must be provided by the diet. They are needed in
minute (tiny) amounts to perform specific functions and fall into two different classes:
Water
Soluble
Fat
Soluble
C A
B group D
E
K
So how
do we
work?!
Vitamins explained further …
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Fat Soluble Needed For Found In Deficiency/Health Issues
A
Antioxidant
Vision Dairy Products
Dark Green Veg
Orange coloured fruit and veg
Fish Oils and Liver
Poor vision
D Bone growth Fish Oils
Dairy Products
Sun Light Absorption
Rickets
Osteomalacia
E
Antioxidant
Protect tissue Dairy Products
Dark Green veg
Nuts
Age quickly
Wrinkles
Skin loses elasticity
K Blood clotting Dark Green Veg
Fish, liver, fruit
Haemorrhages
Fat Soluble Vitamins
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Free Radicals
Essentially, damaged oxygen molecules with an extremely unstable
atomic structure. They attack fats and proteins all over the body,
especially those in membranes that line the blood vessels, the skin and
other connective tissue. They can make you age a lot quicker! Anything
we do to raise our metabolic rate (like exercise) accelerates the
production of free radicals. Anti oxidants like vitamin A and E help fight
these free radicals.
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Water
Soluble
Needed For Found In Deficiency
C
Antioxidant
Normal structure
and function of
connective tissue
Antioxidant
(protects from
free radicals)
Helps absorb iron
Main sources from plants –
fruits and vegetables.
Milk and liver contain small
amounts.
Scurvy
B1
Thiamin
Normal function
of the nervous
system and heart
Whole grains, meat, flour and
breakfast cereals.
Beri-beri (disorder
of the nervous
system).
B2
Riboflavin
Release of
energy from food
Milk, eggs, green vegetables. Dry cracked skin
around the mouth
and nose.
B12 Cell division and
blood formation
Normal structure
of nerves
Animal sources – milk, meat
and eggs. Some algae and
bacteria can produce B12.
Anaemia (rare),
may be found in
vegetarians.
Water Soluble Vitamins
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What is a ‘Deficiency’?
A) Not being able to do something.
B) Less brain power.
C) Lacking in what is needed.
D) Not doing as you are told
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Move On …
What is a ‘Deficiency’?
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What is a ‘Deficiency’?
Try Again!
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Deficiencies
Go for Gold! I can describe
what effects not eating
some foods has on our
health.
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Can you name 2 foods you
should eat a lot of and 2 foods
you should only eat a little of?
Deficiencies
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Deficiencies
Which group of foods is more likely to give you a deficiency? Explain how?
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Scurvy:
Lack of Vitamin C
• A condition caused by lack of vitamin C.
• It causes weakness, gum disease andskin haemorrhages (bleeding).
• Scurvy is most frequently seen in older, malnourished adults.
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Prevent Scurvy:
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•a disorder involving softening and weakening of the bones (of children).
• It is caused by lack of Calcium in your diet.
Lack of Calcium
Rickets:
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Prevent Rickets:
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• a disease caused by a lackof protein in the diet.
• Children and adolescents require protein for growth and development.
• It occurs most commonly in areas of famine and limited food supply.
• Symptoms: Small, weak, underdeveloped muscles, wounds take long time to heal, swollen belly, lethargic
Lack of Protein
Kwashiorkor:
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Prevent Kwashiorkor :
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• Weakness and fatigue
• Pale skin
• Shortness of breath
• Light-headedness or dizziness
• Caused by lack of red blood cells
Anaemia:
Lack of Iron
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Prevent Anaemia:
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• Number one cause of what is
known as preventable blindness
in children and severe visual
impairment.
• Also increases the risk of
death in infants.
• Causes night blindness in
pregnant women
Lack of Vitamin A
Blindness:
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Prevent Blindness
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Lack of Fibre
• Poor Digestive Health
• Poor absorption of nutrients
• Higher Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
• Weight Gain
• Poor Blood Sugar Control
Constipation:
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Increase your fibre intake
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Can you help each
patient find the
correct advice from
the doctor?
Can you help the
doctor make the
correct diagnosis
for each patient?
“Doctor, doctor … ”
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Case Study 2After Colin’s recent eye test he
was told that his vision is getting
worse (deteriorating). What
might Colin not be eating
enough of to keep his eyes
healthy?!
Poor eye health/vision: Vitamin ?
What foods should he eat to
improve his symptoms?
Case Study 1Nana Irene has recently had a fall
and broken her wrist. It was not a
bad fall and her doctor has said
she may have broken her wrist
more easily because she is
deficient in a certain vitamin.
Which vitamin might she be
deficient in:
Weak bones: Vitamin ?
What foods should she eat to
improve her symptoms?
Case Study 3Sandra is suffering from gum
disease and has recently found
that she does not have as much
energy as she used to. Which 2
vitamins might she be deficient in:
Poor gum health: Vitamin ?
Lack of energy: Vitamin ?
What foods should she eat to
improve her symptoms?
“Doctor, doctor … “Read each case study, pay attention to what each person is
suffering from. Decide which vitamins they must be deficient in
(not eating enough of) and suggest what foods each person
could eat to make themselves feel better.
You could role play these scenarios for fun!
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• Salt that is sprinkled of food makes a small proportion of your salt intake
• Salt is sometimes listed on food packets as sodium
• High amounts of salt are found in processed food (ready meals, biscuits, sauces) and fast food!!
Too much salt
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• Too much salt can cause high
blood pressure!
• High Blood pressure can cause
serious health problems and
lead to strokes, brain damage
and kidney damage!
Too much salt
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Obese people have
an increased risk of:
• arthritis
• diabetes
• heart disease
Too much fat
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Deadline:
Your homework
is due in: see
ClassCharts
• ‘Doctor, Doctor’ task
• Make cards if you wish
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Use your knowledge to answer
the Vitamins question sheet.
Why not make the Vitamin
playing cards.
Add colour and food related
drawings to the printed side
then facts and information to
the back.
Task:
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Deadline:
Your homework
is due in: see
ClassCharts
Complete your vitamin revision cards at home. You could even laminate them to make them last forever!
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