MATERI 8 EXTRA EMBRYONIC GERM LAYER, IMPLANTASI...

MATERI 8EXTRA EMBRYONIC GERM LAYER,

IMPLANTASI DAN ORGANOGENESIS

MK. Ilmu Reproduksi

1LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK

FAPET UB

SUB POKOK BAHASAN

• Implantasi

• Pembelahan ectoderm, mesoderm dan endoderm

• Material Recognition of embryo

• Proses plasentasi dan lapisan-lapisan plasenta

• Perkembangan embrio selama kebuntingan

• Proses terbentuknya organ tubuh

• Peristiwa apoptosis dalam pembentukan organ tubuh

2LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK

FAPET UB

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Implantation

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Proses Implantasi

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Development of Extraembryonic Membranes

Four Placental Membranes1. Chorion 2. Yolk Sac3. Amnion 4. Allantois

Day 16

EndodermMesoderm

Ectoderm

Formationof embryo

Outgrowthof

Hindgut

Blood vesselsformed are connected to fetus through umbilical cord

Day 18

Expands to fill chorion

AmnioincCavity

Amnion

Chorion

Allantois

Chorio Allantois

Allantoic Cavity

Yolk Sac

Function of Fetal Membranes and Fluids

Yolk sac: Early nutrient supply for early embryo.

Amnion: Protects fetus from injury, provides lubrication forparturition, reservoir for urine and wastes.

Allantois: Fuses with chorion (chorio-allantoic placenta),carries blood vessels of placenta, reservoir fornutrients and wastes. Umbilical cord attaches fetusto allantois.

Chorion: Attaches to uterus, absorbs nutrients from uterus,allows maternal/fetal gas exchange, produceshormones.

Picks-up uterine secretions from endometriumto stimulate early embryonic development

Prevents the lungs from collapsing and opensdigestive tract

Fills with fluid to expand the Chorio-allantoisagainst the uterine wall

Attachment of the placenta to the uterus. (Implantation)

COW SOW EWE MARE

Days 30-35 12-20 18-20 50-60

Types of Implantation.

A. Superficial - Chorion fuses to endometrium

B. Interstitial - Embryo invades endometrium and develops in the endometrium.

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Implantation Window

Decrease in Muc-1 on uterine epithelial surfaceafter progesterone receptor down-regulatesallows interaction of integrins to initiate placental attachment allowing expansion of trophoblast.

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Placental Attachment in Sow

Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy

Definition:

Establishment of Pregnancy Sow Mare Cow Ewe

Days of Estrous Cycle

Embryonic Signal

Chemical message (Usually hormonal) which resultsin maintenance of the CL. Either through inhibitingPGF2 production from the the endometrium, preventing release from uterus or protecting CLfrom PGF2 effects.

12, 15-18

Estrogen

In pigs, problem with moldy corn -Aflotoxins are estrogenic (Ralgro)Causes pseudopregnancy & earlyembryonic deathTreatment: get off moldy corn and give PGF2

14-16

SmallunknownPeptide

16-17

Bovine OvineInterferon-

12-13

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Cow, EweOnly needs tobe on side withCL. No effect of opposite horn

Pregnancy test inRuminants:Protein B foundin blood by day 25of Cow’s gestation

MareEmbryo mustmigrate betweenhorns from Days12-17. Does it almost 13X/Day

Endometrial cysts can cause problemTreatment : If embryo cannot migrategive progesterone until Day 150

Capsule

Picture providedby Michel Guillomot

EmbryoDay 13

Day 15

Types of Placenta

Diffuse Placenta

Mare Sow

Cotyledonary Placenta

Ewe Cow

Also Goat & Deer

Discoid Placenta

Human

ChorionicPlate

Placentome in Ruminants

Cow

Chorion

Caruncle

Endometrium

Chorion

Caruncle

Endometrium

Ewe

Mare, SowChorion

Microcotyledon

Endometrium

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Placental Attachment in Ruminants

Chorion

UterineEpithelium

Stroma

Capillary

BinucleateCell

Syncytium

Migrate andfuse withuterine

epithelium

Carry PlacentalLactogen into

maternal blood

Fusion ofBinucleatecells and uterine

epithelium

(multinucleate)

Placentomes in Ruminants

Attachment of placentalcotyledons to caruncleforms placentome

Maternal vascularity suppliesthe needed nutrients for fetaldevelopment

Placental-Uterine Attachment

Allantois

Chorion

Increase placentalsurface area

Endometrium

Microcotyledon(Fetal)

EndometrialEpithelium

Micro-cotyledon(Maternal)

UterineArteries

UterineVeins

EndometrialGlands

Micro-cotyledon

Umbilical Vessels

Redrawn with permissionSteven, D.H.& Samuel, C.A.. 1975. J. Reprod. Fertil. 23:579

Fetal Nutrition (Farm Animals)

Blood gas exchange at chorion - endometrium attachment.

Placenta highly permeable to water and electrolytes i.e., stored in and exchange between allantoic and amniotic fluids.

Placenta converts glucose to fructose.

Fetal fat formed from fatty acids transferred across the placenta. Fetus makes proteins from transferred amino acids.

Water soluble vitamins cross the placenta easier than fat soluble.

Minerals are transferred across the placenta.

Antibodies to fight disease do not cross the placenta - the newborn will get these antibodies from the first milk - Colostrum.

Allows storage in allantoicfluid

In Domestic Species

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Placental Development in the Mare

Day 25

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Placental Development in the Mare

Day 34 Day 40

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