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Lyme Disease Tracking & Prevention Virginia Department of Health. What is Lyme Disease?. A Tick-borne bacterial disease. 3 Stages of Infection. Early Localized Infection (3-30 days) Bull’s-eye rash, muscle or joint aches, fever, headache. Early Disseminated Infection (1- 4 months) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Lyme Disease Tracking & Prevention
Virginia Department of Health
What is Lyme Disease?
3 Stages of Infection
Early Localized Infection (3-30 days)Bull’s-eye rash, muscle or joint aches, fever, headache
Early Disseminated Infection (1- 4 months)Severe headaches, pain, neurological symptoms
Late Disseminated Infection (3 months to years)Severe arthritis and swelling of large joints, pain, neurological and cognitive disorders
A Tick-borne bacterial disease
Lone Star Tick American Dog TickBlacklegged Tick
Common Virginia Ticks
Blacklegged Ticks
Inch (fractions)
1/16
Lyme Disease Transmission – Two Year Cycle
Role of the Virginia Department of Health
Preventing disease through education
Tracking Monitoring the annual number and geographic distribution of newly identified Lyme disease cases in VA
Tracking Lyme disease1. Reporting cases to local
health departments by healthcare providers.
2. Reporting positive test results to VDH by private laboratories.
3. Use of the CDC’s Lyme disease case definition to identify new cases.
4. Entering identified cases in a database.
State Reporting Requirements for Lyme Disease
Virginia’s state regulations require that healthcare providers report Lyme disease cases to the local health department (Virginia Administrative Code, 12VAC5-90-80)
Contact information for local health departments can be found at: http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/lhd/
Lyme Disease Case Reporting
Lyme-associated symptoms including erythema migrans (EM) rash (a.k.a., bull’s eye rash) if present
Necessary laboratory results:
VDH uses the CDC’s Lyme Disease Surveillance Case Definition which requires:
Positive or equivocal results from ELISA (or IFA) serology as well as positive Western Blot IgM serology if the blood was drawn within 30 days of onset, or
Positive Western Blot IgG serology, if blood was drawn more than 30 days after onset
Necessary case information:
Date of onset
Complete laboratory testing results
Lyme Disease Cases in Virginia, 1989 - 2009
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
198
9
199
0
199
1
199
2
199
3
199
4
199
5
199
6
199
7
199
8
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
Year
Ly
me
Dis
ea
se
Ca
se
s p
er
10
0,0
00
Po
pu
lati
on
20032003 20052005
20072007 20092009
Newly Identified Lyme Disease Cases by County
0.1 to 4.9 5 to 9.9 10 to 24.9 25 to 49.9 50 to 99.9 100+
Confirmed and Probable cases per 100,000 population
Lyme Disease Prevention
1. Avoid tick habitats
2. Dress appropriately
3. Use repellents
4. Do tick checks
5. Remove ticks
6. Know the early signs of Lyme disease
1. Avoid Tick Habitats
2. Dress Appropriately
• Light colors• Tucked and buttoned• Prompt clothing
removal• Launder
3. Use Insect Repellents
4. Do a Tick Check
Use pointed tweezers to grasp Use pointed tweezers to grasp the tick by the head; do not the tick by the head; do not squeeze its body! squeeze its body!
Pull slowly and steadily until Pull slowly and steadily until the tick releases; do not jerk or the tick releases; do not jerk or twist the tick. twist the tick.
5. Remove Ticks Promptly
6. Learn the Early Signs of Lyme
• Bull’s Eye rash• Fatigue• Fever• Joint or muscle aches• Headache• Swollen glands
Other Tick-borne Diseases
• Ehrlichiosis/Anaplasmosis (tick must be attached 24 hrs)
• Babesiosis (tick must be attached for 36 hrs)
• Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (tick must be attached only 4-6 hrs)
Virginia Department of Health
For More Information…
U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
http://www.vdh.virginia.gov
http://www.vdh.virginia.gov/epidemiology/DEE/Vectorborne/TickBrochure.pdf
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/lyme/
Acknowledgements
• David Gaines, Ph.D., Public Health Entomologist, Virginia Department of Health
• Division of Environmental Epidemiology, VDH• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention• CDC Public Health Images Library• American Lyme Disease Foundation• Google Images
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