View
226
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
1/39
Human natomyLymphatic System
Dr. Thontowi Djauhari NS,MKes
Fakultas Kedokteran
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
2/39
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
3/39
Lymphatic Organs
Primary lymphoid organs Bone marrow
Thymus
Secondary lymphoid
organs Lymph nodes, spleen,
tonsils
Aggregated lymphoid
nodules (Peyers patches inileum)
Appendix
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
4/39
Figure 22.1
The Components of the Lymphatic
System
Lymph Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic Capillaries
Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic Trunks
Lymphatic Ducts
Lymphatic Organs Thymus
Lymph Nodes Spleen
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
5/39
Lymphatic Capillaries The lymphatic network begins with microscopic vessels called
lymphatic capillaries. closed-ended tubes that are found in most blood capillary
networks
similar to a blood capillary in that its wall is an endothelium
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
6/39
Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic capillaries mergeto form larger structures.
Lymphatic vessels resemble
small veins.
both contain three tunicsand both have valves
Some vessels connect
directly to lymphatic organs
called lymph nodes.
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
7/39
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
8/39
Trunks and Ducts Ducts:
Right Lymphatic Duct Into right subclavian
vein/right internal jugularjunction
Thoracic Duct: Into left subclavian
vein/left internal jugularjunction
Cisterna chyli
Drains most of the body
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
9/39
Lymph Trunks Lymphatic collecting vessels converge Five major lymph trunks
Lumbar trunks
Receives lymph from lower limbs
Intestinal trunk Receives chyle from digestive organs
Bronchomediastinal trunks
Collects lymph from thoracic viscera
Subclavian trunks Receive lymph from upper limbs and thoracic wall
Jugular trunks
Drain lymph from the head and neck
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
10/39
Overview of the Lymph Nodes, Trunks, and Ducts
Figure 20.3
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
11/39
Lymph capillaries
converge to become
collecting vesselsand end up as either
Thoracic duct or
right lymphatic duct
Thoracic (left lymphatic) duct
Left subclavian vein
Right
lymphatic
duct
Right
subclavian
vein
Cysterna Chyli
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
12/39
Thymus Gland
Locationbehind thesternum in themediastinum
The capsule divides itinto 2 lobes
Development
Infantconspicuous
Pubertymaximumsize
Maturitydecreases in
size Function
Differentiation andmaturation of T cells
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
13/39
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
14/39
Tonsils Large clusters of lymphatic cellsand
extracellular matrix that are notcompletely surrounded by aconnective tissue capsule.
Consist of multiple germinal centersand have invaginated outer edgescalled crypts.
Several groups of tonsils form aprotective ringaround the pharynx.
pharyngeal tonsils(or adenoids)are in the posterior wall of thenasopharynx
palatine tonsils (amandel) are inthe posterolateral region of theoral cavity
lingual tonsilsare along theposterior one-third of the tongue
= adenoids
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
15/39
Tonsils
Simple lymphoid organs
Lymph nodules
In the mouth/pharynx
Lingual tonsil on posterior aspect of tongue Palatine = adenoids, lateral pharynx
Tubal, behind Eustachian Tubes
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
16/39
Ring of Waldeyer
Tonsila pharyngica / adenoidTonsila palatina / amandel
Tonsila lingualis
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
17/39
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
18/39
Distribution of Lymph Nodes
Cervical lymph nodes - drain head and neck
Axillary lymph nodes - drain arms and breasts
Popliteallymph nodes - drain legs
Inguinal lymph nodes - drain lower limb
Thoraciclymph nodes - drain thoracic viscera
Abdominallymph nodes - drain pelvic region
Intestinal and mesentericlymph nodes - drain abdominal viscera
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
19/39
Distribution of LymphNodes
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
20/39
Important example:Axillary Drainage
Drainage from
breast andarm
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
21/39
The Spleen
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
22/39
Spleen Largestlymphatic organ in the
body. Located in the upper left
quadrant of the abdomen,inferior to the diaphragm andposterior to ribs 911.
Deep red organ lies lateral to
the left kidney andposterolateral to the stomach.
Can vary considerably in size
and weight, but typically is
about 12 centimeters long and7 centimeters wide.
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
23/39
Destruction of antigens Site of B cell maturation into plasma cells
Phagocytosis of bacteria and worn-out RBCs,
WBCs and platelets (recycles iron)
Storage of platelets
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
24/39
Figure 2227
Integration with
Other Systems
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
25/39
SUMMARY
Divisions of the lymphatic system: lymphatic vessels (lymphatics)
lymph
lymphoid tissues and organs
Types of lymphocytes: T cells
B cells
NK cells
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
26/39
Figure 225
Production and Distribution of Lymphocytes
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
27/39
SUMMARY Lymphoid tissues and
organs:
nodules
nodes
MALT (mucosaassociated lymphoid
tissue)
thymus
spleen
7 nonspecific defenses:
physical barriers
phagocytes
immunological
surveillance
interferons
complement
inflammation
fever Specific defenses:
cell-mediated immunity
antibody mediated immunity
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
28/39
The 7 Nonspecific Defenses
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
29/39
SUMMARY
T cells and cell-mediated immunity:
antigen presentation
MHCs and APCs
antigen recognition
CD8 T cell activation
CD4 T cell activation
B cells and antibody-mediated immunity:
sensitization
plasma cells and
memory B cells antibody structure
antigenantibody
complex
5 classes ofimmunoglobins
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
30/39
Lymphatic Cells
Also called lymphoid cells. Located in both the lymphatic system and the
cardiovascular system.
Work together to elicit an immune response.
Types of lymphatic cells are:
macrophages
epithelial cells
dendritic cells
lymphocytes
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
31/39
Immune Response
Some cells (B lymphocytes) produce soluble proteinscalled antibodies. bind to and immobilize the foreign or abnormal agent
damaging it or identifying it to other elements of the immunesystem
Other cells (T lymphocytes) attackand destroy theantigen directly.
Other cells become memory cells (B and T): remember the past antigen encounters
initiate an even fasterand more powerful response should thesame antigen appear again
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
32/39
Lymphatic Cells
Also called lymphoid cells. Located in both the lymphatic system and the
cardiovascular system.
Work together to elicit an immune response.
Types of lymphatic cells are:
macrophages
epithelial cells
dendritic cells
lymphocytes
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
33/39
Types and Functions of Lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes(also called T-cells). B-lymphocytes(also called B-cells).
NK cells. Migratethrough the lymphatic tissues and
monitor them for the presence of antigens.
Identified according to the tissue or organwhere they mature: T-lymphocytes mature in the Thymus
B-lymphocytes mature in the Bone marrow
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
34/39
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
35/39
Types and Functions of Lymphocytes
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
36/39
Types and Functions of Lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes Make up about 7085%of body lymphocytes.
Plasma membrane contains a coreceptorthat can recognize aparticular antigen.
There are several types of T-lymphocytes, each with a particularkind of coreceptor.
helper T-lymphocytes cytotoxic T-lymphocytes
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
37/39
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
38/39
NK C ll
8/13/2019 KULIAH LYMPHOID
39/39
NK Cells Also called large granular lymphocytes.
Make up the remaining small percentageof body lymphocytes.
NK cells tend to have CD16 receptors.
NK cells can kill a wide variety of infected cellsand somecancerous cells.
Recommended