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- 1 - - 2 -
THE AMAZING SECRETS OFTHE PURGATORY
PROF. M.A. ABRAHAM
ip²o-I-cWØe- nseAÛpX cl-ky-§Ä
s]m^. Fw. F. A_mlw
- 3 - - 4 -
SUDHIKARANASTHALATHILEALBHUTHA RAHASYANGAL (Malayalam)
(THE AMAZING SECRETS OF THE PURGATORY)
Author : Prof. M.A. Abraham
Manimalethu,
Mathirapilly Junction,
Kothamangalam - 686 691
Phone : 0485-2824842
E-mail : abrahammanimalethu@yahoo.com
Price : Rs. 25 /-
Copy right : Bindu Abraham
Printed at : Basil offset, Kothamangalam
First Edition : 1000 Copies, August 2007Second Edition: 1000 Copies, September 2007Third Edition : 1000 Copies, July 2009Fourth Edition: 2000 Copies, June 2011Fifth Edition : 2000 Copies, November 2011Sixth Edition : 2000 Copies, January 2012
Ah-km-\sØ Nn√n-°mipw sImSp-Øp-
ho-´p-thmfw ip≤o-I-cWÿe-Ønse
]oV-Iƒ kln-°p∂ kIe
Bflm-°ƒ°pw, ]tXy-I-ambn
]m¿∞n-°m≥ Bcp-an-√mØ
Bflm-°ƒ°p-ambn Cu eLp KŸw
]cn. I\y-Im-a-dn-b-Øns‚
hna-e-lrZbw hgn
]cn-ip≤ Xn-Xz-Øns‚
Xr∏m-Z-Øn-¶¬ ImgvN-bmbn
ka¿∏n®psIm≈p∂p.
ka¿∏Ww
- 5 - - 6 -
G‰hpw Icp-W-bp≈ tbip-th, Icp-W-bmWv Aßv BK-
ln-°p-∂-sX∂v Aßv Xs∂ Acpfn sNbvXn- p-≠-t√m. ip≤o-
I-cWÿeØv ]oV kln-°p∂ F√m Bflm-°-sfbpw
Ahn-SpsØ FXbpw B¿Z-X-bp≈ Xncp-lr-Z-b-Øn-te°v
Rm≥ sIm≠p-h-cp-∂p. Ahsc Ahn-SpsØ Icp-W-°-S-en¬
ap°p-∂p. Ah¿ Aß-bpsS FXbpw ]nb-s∏´ Bflm-°-
fm-sW-¶nepw, Ahn-SpsØ \oXn-°-\p-kr-X-ambn ]cn-lm-c-a-
\p-jvTn-t°-≠-h-cm-sW∂v Rm≥ a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Aß-bpsS
Xncp-c-‡-Øns‚ ]hmlw Ah-cpsS s]m≈n-°p∂ XoPzm-
esb XWp-∏n-°-s´. Ahsc ip≤o-I-cn-s®-Sp-°p∂ XoPzm-
esb Aß-bpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw \n¿§-an® Xncp-c-‡-
Ømepw Xncp -P -e -Ømepw sISp -Øn -I -f -tb-W-sa.
Aßs\ AhnsS Aß-bpsS Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ i‡n
]Io¿Øn-°-s∏Ss´.
“\n߃ kXyw Adn-bp-Ibpw kXyw \nßsf
kzX-¥-cm-°p-Ibpw sNøpw”. (tbm-l-¶m³ 8/32)
Biw-k-
‘ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Ønse A¤p-X-c-l-ky-
߃ ’ F∂ t]cn¬ s]m^. Fw. F.
A_mlw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ eLp-K-Ÿ-Øn\v
F√m hnP-bm-iw-k-Ifpw t\cp-∂p.
BISHOP’S HOUSEMALAPARAMBA P.O.
CALICUT - 673 009, INDIAPhone : 0495 - 2370313, 2372577
Fax : 0495 - 2370271E-mail : calicut_diocese@yahoo.com
JOSEPH KALATHIPARAMBILBISHOP OF CALICUT
(H v)
tPmk v If-Øn-∏-d-ºn¬tImgn-t°mSv cq]-Xm-≤y-£≥
- 7 - - 8 -
C∂sØ _lp- qcn]£w ssIkvXh hnizm-kn-Ifpw \nXy-k-Xy-ß-fmb
ac-Ww, kz¿§w, \c-Iw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v t_m≤y-an-√msX Pohn-°p-∂-h-cmWv.
Ah¿ ]e-t∏mgpw ssZhsØ tXSp-∂Xv `uXo-I-amb e£y-߃°p th≠n-
bm-Wv. kz¿§-Øn-\p-th≠n Pohn-°p∂ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS FÆw Ipd-bp-∂Xp
sIm≠mWv k` temI-Øn¬ Zp¿∫-e-ambns°m≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ac-W-Øn\∏p-
d-Øp≈ Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v t_m≤y-ap≈ Hcp hnizm-kn°p amXta Cu temI-
Øn¬ ssZh-Øn-\p -th≠n Pohn -°p-hm≥ km[n -°p-I-bp -≈p.
s]m^. Fw.-F. A_mlw Fgp-Xnb ‘ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Ønse A¤p-X-c-
lky߃’ F∂ ]pkvXIw \nXy-Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-hm-\pw, Bg-
amb am\-km-¥-c-Øn-te°v IS-∂p-h-cp-hm\pw klm-bn-°p-sa-∂Xv Xo¿®-bmWv.
Cu ]pkvXIw hmbn-°p∂ kI-e¿°pw Bfl-c-£-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ henb
`mc-ap-≠m-I-s -sb∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. Cu temIw kz¿§-am-°p-∂-Xn-e-√, kz¿§-
Øn-\p-th≠n Cu temIsØ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-emWv ssIkvX-h-Po-hn-X-
Øns‚ hnP-bw. hnP-b-I-c-amb Bflo-b-Po-hnXw \bn-°p-hm≥ Cu ]pkvX-I-
Ønse Adn-hp-Ifpw A\p- -h-ßfpw XnI®pw ]tbm-P-\-I-c-am-Wv. Cu ]pkvX-
I-Øn\v F√m mhp-I-ßfpw Biw-kn-°p-∂p. At\-Im-bn-c-߃ Cu ]pkvX-
I-Øn-eqsS Bflo-b-ambn \ho-I-cn-°-s∏-S-s´-sb∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p.
s_∂n ]p∂-Ødimtemw an\n-kvSokv
s]cp-h-Æm-aq-gn, tImgn-t°mSv Pn√ Biw-k-
(H∏v)s_¶n ]p¶- d
\µn- ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Ahy-‡-X-Iƒ \o°p-hm≥ Hcp ]cn-[n-hscklm-b-I-am-Ip-sa∂ hnizm-k-tØmsS Cu eLp-KŸw hmb-\-°m-cpsS apºn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. CXns‚ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn Fs∂ A\p-K-ln-°p-Ibpw klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX Xotb-I-ssZ-h-Øns‚ apºn¬ inc p \an-®p-sIm≠v Fs‚ \µn]Im-in-∏n-®p-sIm-≈-s´.
Cu eLp-K-Ÿ-Øn\v hnP-bm-iw-k-Iƒ t\¿∂p-sIm≠v Fs∂ hf-sc-b-[nIwt]m’m-ln-∏n® tImgn-t°mSv cq]-Xm-≤y-£≥ am¿ tPmk^vv IfØn∏-d-ºn¬ ]nXm-hns‚henb a\- n\v \µn ]d-bp-∂p. h¿Æ\m-Xo-X-amb Cu kvt\l-Øn\v Cutim At±-lsØ kar≤ambn A\p-K-ln-°-s´-sb∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
CtXm-sSm∏w Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn\v Ah-Xm-cnI FgpXn Fs∂ A\p-K-ln® tImX-aw-Kew cq]-X-bpsS Icn-kvam-‰nIv ]m¿∞-\m-Kq∏v Ub-d-IvSdpw, [ym\-Kp-cp-hp-amb _lp.-tPm¿÷v tN‰q-c®t\mSv ]tXy-I-ambn \µn ]d-bp-∂p. At±-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw e`n®kvt\l-hm-’-ey-߃°pw, klm-b-߃°pw Cutim At±-l-Øn\v At\-I-a-S-ßmbn]Xn-^ew \¬Is´sb∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.
Cu eLp-K-Ÿ-Øns‚ Ipd-®p-`m-K-߃ Ct∏mƒ sImtbjy-bn-ep≈ saUvPp-tKm-dn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ _lp. knÿ CΩm-\p-th¬ cNn® At\I KŸ-ß-fn¬ H∂mb‘The amazing secrets of the souls in purgatory’ F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ \n∂p-≈-XmWv. AXnse Nne `mK-߃ Cu eLp-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ tN¿°p-hm≥ A\p-aXn \¬Inb_lp-am-\-s∏´ knÃ-dn\v \µn ]d-bp-hm≥ F\n°v hm°p-- I-fn-√. Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ssIsø-gpØp ]Xn hmbn® _lp. knÃdns‚ Hm^o-kp-ambn _‘-ap≈ _lp.-ssh-Zo-I-tcbpw CXns‚ ]kn-≤o-I-c-Wthf-bn¬ \µn-]q¿∆w kvacn-°p-∂p.
hfsc Xnc-°p≈ HutZym-KnI tPmen-Iƒ°n-S-bnepw F\n-°p-th≠n kabwIs≠Øn Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ ssIsø-gpØp]Xn hmbn-°p-I-bpw, Biw-k-Iƒ Ab-°p-Ibpw sNbvX imtemw an\n-kvSn-bpsS sNb¿am≥ _lp.-s_∂n ]p∂-Ød-tbm-Sp≈Bg-amb \µn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≈p-∂p. Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Nne `mK-߃ ]c-º-c-bmbn ]kn-≤o-I-cn® imtemw ssSwkv amkn-I-tbmSpw Rm≥ IS-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. imtemw,temI-Øn\v \¬Ip∂ tkh-\-߃°v ssZhw ]Xn-^ew \¬I-s´-sb∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p.
IqSmsX Cu eLp-K-Ÿ-Øns‚ A®Sn tPmen hfsc `wKn-bmbn \n¿∆-ln®t_kn¬ ]nt‚-gvkn-\pw, AhnSpsØ F√m Poh-\-°m¿°pw, t\cnt´m A√m-sXtbmFs∂ klm-bn® F√m am\y hy‡n-I-tfmSpw tbip-\m-a-Øn¬ \µn ]d-bp-∂p.]cn. AΩ F√m-h-scbpw A\p-K-ln°s´-sb∂ ]m¿∞-\-tbm-sS,
s]m^. Fw.-F.-A-_mlwaWn-a-teØv
Fw.-F. tImtfPv Hm^v F≥Pn-\o-b-dnwKvtImX-aw-Kew
- 9 - - 10 -
Ah-Xm-cnI
“Fs∂ hnfn-°p-I, Rm≥ adp-]Sn \¬Ipw. \ns‚ _p≤n-bv°-Xo-X-amb al-Øpw,\nKq-V-hp-amb Imcy-߃ Rm≥ \n\°v shfn-s∏-SpØpw”. (sPd-anb 33: 3)
ac-W-hpw, ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-Xhpw k -bpsS Bcw`w apX¬°p Xs∂ ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-∑m-cp-sSbpw k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cp-sSbpw CS-bn¬ N¿® sNø-s∏-SpIbpw \nc-h[n KŸ-c-N-\Iƒ°v CS-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvX Hcp ‘clky’amWv.Cu ASp-Ø-Im-eØv IS∂p h∂ Nne ]T-\-߃ k`m-a-°-fn¬ Nne-sc-sb-¶nepwhgn-sX-‰n-°m≥ CS-bm-bn-´p-≠v. CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ \ΩpsS s]mXphn-izm-k-c-l-ky-ß-fn¬ H∂mb ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿe -(Purgatory) sØ°pdn®v km[m-cW hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v a\- n-em-Ip∂ efnX kpµ-c-amb mj-bn¬ hnh-cn-°p-I-bmWv ‘ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Ønse A¤p-X-c-l-ky-߃’ F∂ Cu sNdp-K-Ÿw. hn.ss__n-fpw,ItØm-en-°m-Xn-cp-k-`-bpsS aX-t_m-[-\-K-Ÿ-hpw, hn. ]msZ-]n-tbm, hn.-^u-Ão-\, hn. P¿Xq-Zv, hmgvØ-s∏´hcmb adnbw tXky, Fhp-]m-kn-bm-Ω, B[p-\nIankv‰n-°p-I-fmb acnbm hƒtØm¿Ø, acnbm knΩ XpS-ßn-b-h¿°v ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-sØ-°p-dn®v e`n® ssZhoI Z¿i-\-ßfpw KŸ-I¿Ømhv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXn-s\ms° D]-cn-bmbn s]m^. Fw.- F. A_mlw Bg-amb Xs‚[ym\-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw e`n® kpµc Z¿i-\-ßfpw hfsc at\m-l-c-ambn CuKŸ-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p. hn.-Ip¿_m-\-°pw, P]-am-e-°pw, Icp-W-sIm-¥bv°pw Zm\-[¿Ω-߃°pw, Bflm-°-fpsS hnip-≤o-I-c-W-Øn¬ D≈ ]m[m-\yhpw KŸ-Im-c≥ hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-X-cp∂p≠v. ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ssZh-im-kvX-K-Ÿ-sam-∂p-a-s√-¶nepw, km[m-c-W-°m¿°v a\- n-em-Ip∂ hn[wCu ‘clkyw’ Xs‚ A≤ym-]\ Pohn-XØns‚ Xnc-°n-\n-S-bnepw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ KŸ-Im-c≥ ]tXyIw A`n-\-µ\w A¿ln-°p-∂p. Cu sNdp-K-Ÿ-Øn\pwA\p-hm-N-I¿°pw KŸ-Im-c\pw F√m-hn[ ]m¿∞\miw-k-Ifpw t\cp∂p.
“AßbpsS hN-\-ß-fpsS Npcp-f-gn-bp-tºmƒ ]Imiw ]c-°p∂p; Ffn-b-h¿°v AXv Adnhv ]I-cp∂p” (k¶o: 119 : 130)
^m. tPm¿÷v tN‰q¿Ub-d-IvS¿, Icn-kvam-‰nIv ]m¿∞\m Kq∏v
tImX-aw-Kew
DÅ-S¡w
apJ-hpc 11
ip≤o-I-c-Whpw, ip≤o-I-cWÿehpw 13
acnbm knΩmbv°v e`n® shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ 26
hn. uÃo-\bpw ip≤o-I-cWÿehpw 51
ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°sf kvt\ln®
Fhp-]m-kn-b-Ω-bpw, adnbw tXkymbpw 60
D]-kw-lmcw 69
A\p-_‘w 73
- 11 - - 12 -
Cu eLp KŸ-Øns‚ hnizm-ky-
Xbv°v am\p-jn-Im-[mcw amX-ta-bp-≈p-sh-
∂pw, A¤pXIc-ßtfm ]Ir-Xym-Xo-X-
ßtfm Bbn ]c-am¿in°-s∏-´n-´p≈hsb-
∏‰n \n›-bn-t°-≠Xv Xncp- - -bm-sW∂pw
CXn-\m¬ hy‡-am-°n-s°m-≈p-∂p.
þ cN-bn-Xmhv
apJ-hpc
ip≤o-I-cWÿew F∂p-≈Xv ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bpsS
hnizmk kXy-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏- -Xm-sW-¶n-epw, C∂pw At\-I¿
CXn¬ Imcy-ambn hnizkn-°p-∂n√ F∂v a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Ign-
™p. CtX-∏‰n hy‡-ambn a\- n-em°n- Ign-bp-tºmƒ amXta
CXns‚ Bh-iy-IX FX-b-[n-I-am-sW-∂p-≈Xv \ap°v t_m≤y-
am-hp-I-bp-≈p. ]e-bm-fp-Ifpw CXns\ Zfi-\-Øns‚ (I-Tn\
thZ-\) Hcp ÿe-amtbm, As√-¶n¬ Bflm-°sf ]q´n-bn v Zfi-
\-ß-fn-eqsS Ahsc ip≤o-I-cn-°m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Hcp XS-h-
d-bmtbm ImWp-∂p. as‰mcp Iq´¿ CXns\ Hcp kpJ-hmktIµ-
ambn Icp-Xp-∂p. ImcWw Pohn-®n-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]m]m-h-ÿ-bn-
em-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw ip≤o-I-cW ÿeap-≈-Xn-\m¬ Ipd®p
kabw AhnsS Nne-h-gn®v _p≤n-ap´v IqSmsX ip≤o-I-c-W-
sams° ]q¿Øn-bm°n hfsc thK-Øn¬ \nXy-X-bn¬ FØn-
t®-cm-sa∂v Ah¿ Biz-kn-°p-∂p. Cß-s\-bp-≈-h¿ ip≤o-I-
cW ]In-bsb emL-h-ambpw, \njv]-bmkw sNbvXp ]q¿Øn-
bm-°m-hp∂ Hcp ]In-b-bmbpw ImWp-∂p. Cu c≠p Xc-Øn-
ep≈ Nn¥m-K-Xn-Ifpw am‰n ip≤o-I-c-Wm-h-ÿ-sb-∏‰n hy‡-
amb ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°v D≠m-tI-≠Xv AXy-¥ym-
t]-£n-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p.
hn. uÃo-\, hmgvØ-s∏- -h-cmb Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ, adnbw
tXky, hn. ]mtZ-]n-tbm, hn. P¿XqUv XpS-ßn-b-hsc IqSmsX
acn-bm-hƒtXm¿Ø, acn-bm-knΩm F∂n-h-sc-t∏m-se-bpff
At\Iw Z¿i-I¿°pw CtX-∏‰n [mcmfw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ
- 13 - - 14 -
e`n-®n- p-≠v. Ch¿s°√mw e`n® shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ ]cn-tim-
[n-°p-tºmƒ Ah-sb√mw kam-\-Xbp-≈-h-bmWv F∂v a\- n-
em-°m≥ Ignbpw. H∏w Ch-sb√mw k`m-hn-izm-k߃°v tbmPn-
®-h-bm-sW∂pw hy‡-am-Ip--∂p. ItØm-en° k` \hw-_¿ 2˛mw
XobXn kIe acn-®p-t]m-b-h-cp-sSbpw Hm¿Ω BNcn°p∂p-ap-
≠-t√m.
C∂v ]≈n-I-fnepw, Im‰-°o-k-Ønepw CtX-∏‰n IqSp-X-embn
]Xn-]m-Zn-°m-Ø-Xn-\m¬ km[m-cW Bfp-I-fn¬ CtX-∏‰n Ahy-
‡-X-bpw kwi-b-ßfpw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p-≠v. Bb-Xn-\m¬ ]e-
cnepw ac-Wm-\-¥-cm-h-ÿ-sb-∏‰n ]e-hn[ A⁄-XIfpw,
iq\yXmt_m[hpsams° \ne-\n¬°p∂p. acn-®p-t]m-b-h¿°p-
th≠n ]m¿∞n-t°≠Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-bpw, AXp-hgn \ap°pw
Ah¿°pw e`n-°p∂ Ir]-I-fpw, A\pK-l-ßfpw XpS¿∂p-h-
cp∂ mKßfn¬ hnhcn-°p-∂p-≠v. km[m-c-W-°m-cn¬ CtX-°p-
dn®v \ne-\n¬°p∂ kwi-b-߃ Zqcn-I-cn--°phm\pw, Ah-cpsS
tNmZy-߃°v adp-]Sn \¬Ip-hm\pw Hcp ]cn[n hsc Cu eLp
KŸw klm-b-I-am-Ip-sa∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-
ip-≤m-flmhv AXn-\mbn CXns‚ hmb-\-°msc Hcp-°p-Ibpw,
ip≤o-I-cW cl-ky-ß-fpsS Bg-߃ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Ahsc
klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNø-s´. CXns‚ k -eo-I-c-W-Øn-\mbn ]cn.
AΩ-bpsS am≤yÿyw tXSp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
11111ip≤o-I-c-Whpw, ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-ehpw
ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv (Purgatory) Hcp Bflmhv
]oVIƒ kln-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂psh¶n¬ t]mepw, AXns\
Hcp A\m-h-iy-amb Hcp kl-\-amtbm Zpcn-X-amtbm ImWphm≥
]mSn-√. CXns\ kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw, ]Xym-i-bp-sS-bpw, kam-
[m-\-Øns‚bpw Ah-ÿ-bmbn ImtW-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ac-Wm-
\-¥cw \nXy-X-bn¬ ssZh-tØm-sSm-∂n®v Bbn-cn-°-W-sa-¶n¬
Hcp hy‡n-bpsS Bflm-hn\v ]q¿Æ-amb ip≤o-I-cWw As√-
¶n¬ ]q¿Æ-ambpw hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ Ah-ÿ-bnepambn-cn-
°Ww. Bb-Xn-\m¬ ip≤o-I-cW ]Inb ssZhw Hcp-°n-bn-cn-
°p-∂Xv X\n°v a\p-jy-t\m-Sp≈ A\-¥-amb kvt\lw aqe-
amWv F∂v a\- n-em°mw.
“Rm≥ \ns∂ ip≤o-I-cn®p; F∂m¬ sh≈n t]mse-b-
√. IjvS-X-bpsS Nqf-bn¬ \ns∂ Rm≥ tim[\ sNbvXp.. F\n-
°p-th≠n, AtX F\n°pth≠n amX-amWv Rm\nXv sNøp-∂-
Xv” (Giøm 48/10). BI-bm¬ ssZh-tØm-Sp-IqSn Bbn-cn-°-
W-sa-¶n¬ kl-\-Øns‚ Nqf-bn¬ Hcp hy‡n ip≤o-I-cn-°-
s∏-tS-≠-Xm-bp-≠v. ico-c-Øn¬ Ccn-°p-tºmƒ Cu ip≤o-I-cWw
]q¿Øn-bm-bn-s√-¶n¬, ac-Wm-\-¥cw Bflmhv ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-
tS-≠-Xmbp≠v. Cu ip≤o-I-c-W-amWv ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Hcp
Bflmhv ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xv.
\tΩmSp Xs∂-bp≈ kzm¿∞-amb kvt\lw, ssZh-tØm-
Sp≈ kvt\l-Øn-¬ \n∂pw \sΩ AI-‰n-\n¿Øp-∂p. ip≤o-I-c-
W-Øn-eqsS Xt∂mSp Xs∂-bp≈ kzm¿∞-amb kvt\lw DcpIn
- 15 - - 16 -
C√m-Xm-Ip-Ibpw AXns‚ Hcp IWnI t]mepw X∂n¬ Ah-ti-
jn-°mØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Bflmhv FØn-t®-cp-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p. A]-Imcw Xs∂ ]q¿Æ-ambn ssZh-Øn\p ka¿∏n-°p-∂Xp
hgn B Bflm-hn¬ ]n∂oSv \ne\n¬°p-∂Xv ssZh-kvt\lw
amX-am-Wv. Aßs\ Cu Bflm-hn\v ssZh-tØmSv tNcm\pw
\nXy-X-bn¬ Pohn-°m\pw ]m]vX-am-Ip∂p. ip≤o-I-c-Wm-·n-bn-
eqsS ssZh-kvt\-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw \sΩ AI-‰p∂ ]m]-°-d-Ifpw,
Ip‰-ßfpw, _e-lo-\-X-I-fpw, Xt∂m-Sp-X-s∂-bpff kzm¿∞
kvt\lhpw Hs° IØn \in-∏n°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw, XpS¿∂v ssZh-
kvt\-l-Øn¬ amX-ambn Bflmhv \ne-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p. Aßs\ \nkzm¿∞ kvt\l-Øns‚ Ah-ÿ-bn¬
FØnb Bflmhv hnip-≤-cpsS Ah-ÿ-bn¬ BbnØocp∂p.
“\nß-fpsS ssZh-amb I¿Øm-hns\ ]q¿ÆlrZ-b-tØm-Spw,
]q¿Æm-flm-thm-Spw, ]q¿Æi‡n-tbmSpw IqSn kvt\ln-°Ww”(\n-b-am-h¿Ø\w 6/5). iq≤o-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS ]q¿ÆlrZ-b-tØm-
Spw, ]q¿Æm-flm-thm-Spw, ]q¿Æi‡n-tbmSpw IqSn ssZhsØ
kvt\ln-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Hcp Bflmhv FØn-
t®-cp-∂p. ta¬ ]d™ hN\w B Bflm-hn¬ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-
s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
]m]]hr-Øn-I-fpw, ]m]-°-d-Ifpw, \tΩm-Sp-X-s∂-bp≈
kvt\l-hp-sams° ssZh-kvt\-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw \sΩ AI-‰p-
∂-Xmbn t\c-sØ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-cp-∂p-h-t√m. Cu Aip-≤n-Iƒ
ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS kvt\l-Øns‚ D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ Hcp
L\-ap≈ ]mfn (hard crust) cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. CØcw Hcp
]Inb \S-°p-∂-Xmbn \Ωn¬ ]ecpw Adn-bp-∂p-t]m-ep-an-√.
Hmtcm Znh-khpw Hmtcm aWn-°q-dnepw \Ωƒ ]m]-߃ sNøp-
Ibpw, ssZhsØ \nc-- kn-°p-Ibpw ssZhlnXØn\v FXn-cmbn
]hr-Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ Cu ISpØ ]pdw ]mfn°v
ho≠pw L\w IqSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ \ΩpsS
\nkzm¿∞-amb kvt\l-Øn\p amXta Cu ]mfnsb Dcp-°n-°-f-
bp-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. CXv Dcp-°n-°-f-bp-hm-\p≈ t]mcm- -
am-bn-cp∂p hnip-≤-scms° Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-bmX-bn¬ A\p-jvTn-
®n-cp-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\l-Øn¬ \n∂v Ahsc
AI-‰p∂ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ]mfn-Isf \in-∏n-°p-hm-\pw, Ah cq]-
s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-hm-\pw, AXp hgn ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\lw Ipd-
hp-I-fn-√msX sh´n-Øn-f-ßp∂ hP-sØ-t∏mse ImØp-kq--£n-°p-
hm-\p-am-bn-cp∂p Ah¿ ian-®n-cp-∂-Xv. CXn\p th≠n Ah¿
[mcmfw ]m¿∞n-°p-I-bpw, ]mb-›nØ ]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-
Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. ]mb-›nØ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ Hcp Dfn-t]mse
Cu ]mfn-Isf \o°w sNøp-hm≥ Ahsc klm-bn-®n-cp-∂p. Ipº-
km-c-Øn-eqsS ]m]w tamNn∏n°s∏Sp∂p F¶nepw ]m]-Øns‚
ISw ho´m≥ Cu ]mb-›nØ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ Bh-iy--am-Wv. CXp
hgn-bmbn X߃°v ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\lw IqSp-X¬ ip≤-ap-
≈-Xm-bn- Xocp-sa∂v Ah¿ hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah IqSp-X¬
A\p-jvTn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ ian-®n-cp-∂p. hn. ^m≥knkv A o-
kn-bpsS Poh-N-cnXw hmbn-®m¬ CXp a\- n-em-Ip-a-t√m. C]-
Imcw kzm¿∞ kvt\l-am-Ip∂ ]pdw ]mfn-Iƒ Ah¿ \in-∏n-°p-
Ibpw ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ Bg-amb kvt\l-Øn¬ h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. C]-Imcw hnip-≤¿°v ac-Wm-\-¥cw H∂p-In¬ t\sc
As√-¶n¬ Aev]w ip≤o-I-cWw hgn \nXy-X-bn¬ FØn-t®-cm≥
Ign™p F∂v \ap°v hniz-kn-°mw.
Npcp-°-Øn¬ ac-Wm-\-¥cw, ip≤o-I-cWÿew Hcp Bflm-
hn\v Zfi\ÿetØ-°m-fp-]cn Hcp A`b ÿe-ambn amdp-∂p.
AhnsS Ah¿°v [mcmfw Dƒ°m-gvN-Ifpw Adnhpw e`n-°p∂p.
ssZh-kvt\-l-Øns‚ cl-ky-ß-sf-bpw, Ah-bpsS hgn-I-sf-°p-
dn-®p-ap≈ t_m≤y-߃ Bflm-hn\v e`n-°p-∂p. `qan-bn¬ Pohn-
- 17 - - 18 -
®n-cn-°p-tºmƒØs∂ ssZh-Øn\v ]mY-anI ÿm\w \¬tI-
≠-Xns‚ ]m[m-\y-sØ-∏-‰n-bpw, Bfl-c-£-sb-∏-‰nbpw F√mw
Ah¿ AhnsS a\- n-em-°p-∂p. IqSmsX `qan-bnse PohnXw
FX lkz-am-sW-∂pw, B ka-bØv FX-b-[nIw \∑-Iƒ
sNtø-≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw, X߃ ]hr-Øn® \∑-Iƒ FX-
amXw Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Ah¿°v Adnhv e`n-°p-∂p. uXo-
I-ambn t\Sn-sb-SpØ \n[n-I-tf-°mƒ FX-b-[nIw hne-s∏- -h-
bmWv Bflobambn t\Snb \n[n-Iƒ F∂v Ah¿°v t_m≤yw
e`n-°p-∂p.
ip≤o-I-c-W-Øn\p tijw Ah-cpsS _e-lo-\-X-I-sf√mw
C√m-Xm-Ip-I-bpw, ]m]-߃, ]tem- -\-߃ F∂n-h-bn¬ \n∂v
Ah¿ hnap-‡-cm-Ip-sa∂pw Ah¿ a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Aßs\
ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Ah¿°v kl-\-߃ Ds≠¶nepw CXn-
\p-tijw Ah¿ ]q¿Æ-ambn c£n-°-s∏ v ssZh-tØbpw ssZh-
kvt\-l-sØbpw kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ km≤y-am-Ip-sa∂ ]Xymi
D≈-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p. ip≤o-I-c-W-Øn-eqsS
\ΩpsS ]m]-I-S-߃ ho´p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w B Bflmhv ]q¿Æ-
ambpw ssZh-kvt\-lsØ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw, AXns\ AwKo-I-
cn-°p-Ibpw Ahn-SpsØ Xncp-hnjvSw ]men-°m≥ Xøm-dm-Ip-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p.
Hcp hy‡n acn°p-tºmƒ Ah-cn¬ FXamXw ssZh-
tØm-Sp≈ kvt\lw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-thm, B Af-hn\v A\p-kr-
X-am-bn- m-bn-cn°pw Abmƒ°v e`n-°p∂ \nXy-X-bpsS kΩm-
\w. Ipcn-ins‚ hn. tbml-∂m≥ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p-≠t√m “Pohn-
Xm-¥yØn¬ \o ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv \ns‚ kvt\l-Øn-\-
\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn°pw” F∂v.
ssZh-tØ-bpw, ssZh-kvt\-l-sØ-∏-‰nbpw hy‡-amb
Adnhv e`n® ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv ssZh-tØmSp tNcp-hm-\p≈
AXn-bmb BK-l-Øm¬ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-·n-bn¬ ip≤o-I-cn-°-
s∏-Sp-∂p. Hcm-flm-hn\v Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ D≠m-bn-cp∂ Xc-Øn-
ep≈ uXoIicocw AhnsS C√-t√m. ssZh-tØmSv tNcm\pw,
Ahn-SpsØ ]q¿Æ-ambn kvt\ln-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ Xoh-amb
BK-lhpw, F∂m¬ AXv \nhr-Øn-bm-°m≥ Ign-bmØ
At∏m-gsØ B Bflm-hns‚ Ahÿ aqew Ah¿ A\p- -hn-
°p∂ Hcp s]m≈-ens\(Xo-I-ج)bmWv ip≤o-I-c-Wm·n
F∂-Xp-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. ta¬ ]d™ A·n, Xobpw
]pIbpw As√-¶nepw Cu Iج (s]m-≈¬) aqe-ap≈ Bflm-
hns‚ thZ\ \ΩpsS uXoI ico-c-Øn\v bYm¿∞ A·nbpw,
]pIbpw G¬∏n-°p∂ thZ-\-tb-°mƒ At\-I-a-Sßv hep-Xm-
bn-cn-°pw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn apdn-th‰ Hcp lrZbw A\p- -hn-°p∂
BflthZ-\, Imen\v HSnhp ]‰p-tºm-gp≈ thZ-\-tb-°mƒ FX-
b-[n-I-am-bn-cn-°pw. BZysØ Ah-ÿ-bn-ep≈ thZ\ amdp-
hm≥ hfsc IqSp-X¬ kabw FSp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-a-t√m. ip≤o-
I-c-Wm-h-ÿ-bn¬ Ign-bp∂ Bflmhv FXbpw thKw ip≤o-
I-cWw ]q¿Øn-bm°n ssZh-tØmSv tNcm\pw (hn-ebw ]m]n-
°m-\pw) Ahn-SpsØ ]q¿Æ-ambn kvt\ln-°m\pw BK-ln-
°p-∂p. CØcw Zfi-\-߃ kln-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ
Cß-s\-bp≈ Ahÿ Hgn-hm-°m-hp-∂h Bbn-cp-∂p-ht√m
F∂ t_m≤yw Bflm-hn\v AXn¬ IqSp-X¬ thZ\ Df-hm-°p-
∂p. H∏w Xs∂ ico-c-Øn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ssZhsØ
]q¿Æ-ambpw kvt\ln-°p-I-bpw, ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ, ]mb-›nØ
]hr-Øn-Iƒ, kl-\-߃, IqZm-i-kzo-I-c-W-߃, HuZmcy]-
hr-Øn-Iƒ F∂o am¿§-ß-ƒ kzoI-cn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Xt∂mSp
Xs∂-bp≈ kvt\lw aqew krjvSn-°-s∏´ ]pdw ]mfn C√m-
Xm-°m-am-bn-cp-∂t√m F∂pw Bflmhv Zp:JtØm-Sp-IqSn AwKo-
I-cn-°p-∂p.
- 19 - - 20 -
as‰mcp ][m\ Imcyw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-hns\ thZ-\n-∏n-
°p-I-bpw, ]oVn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ A·n Ah-cm¬ Xs∂
krjvSn-°-s∏- -Xm-sW-∂p-≈-Xm-Wv. Ah¿ Xs∂bmWv Ah-cpsS
CØcw Ah-ÿ-bn-ep≈ kl-\-߃°v Xocp-am\w FSp-Ø-Xv.
ImcWw ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ Ah-cpsS kvt\l-Øns‚ D]-cn-X-e-
Øn¬ Xt∂m-Sp-X-s∂-bp≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ ]mfn-Iƒ krjvSn-
®Xv Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv. Npcp-°-Øn¬ ssZhw A√ adn®v Ah¿
Xs∂-bmWv Ah¿°v ip≤o-I-cWÿew (Ahÿ) Hcp-°n-
bXv F∂ t_m≤yw Ahsc IqSp-X¬ thZ-\n-∏n-°p-∂p. Pohn-
®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ssZhw \¬Inb Ir]-Isf Xnc-kv°-cn-°p-Ibpw,
Ah kzoI-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw Aßs\ ]e ]m]]hr-Øn-I-
fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-aq-e-amWv X߃ ip≤o-I-
cWÿeØv FØn-b-sX∂v Ah¿ a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Aßs\
ssZh-tØmSp tNcm-\p≈ Xo£vW-amb BK-l-Øm¬ Ah¿
ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
ssZhw Bscbpw ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Ab°m≥ BK-
ln-°p-∂n-√. adn®v ssZh-Øns‚ Icp-W-bpw, kvt\lhpw aqe-
amWv Cu Ah-ÿ-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ Ahsc A\p-h-
Zn-®Xv F∂v Ah¿ a\ n-em-°p-∂p. Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ssZhw
Ahsc FX-b-[nIambn kvt\ln-®n-cp∂p F∂v Ah¿ Kln-
°p-∂p. CXv Ah-cpsS thZ\ IqSp-X-embn h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂p. Pohn-
®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ X߃ sNbvX Hmtcm Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]m]-߃°pw
AXns‚ Af-h-\p-k-cn®v Hmtcm ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-hn\pw hyXy-
kvX-amb ]Sn-I-fn¬ (degree) BWv ta¬ ]d™ Dƒ°m-gvN-
Iƒ e`n-°p-∂Xv. Aßs\ ssZh-ap-ºmsI Xm≥ FX-amXw
\µn-sI´h\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂pw, ssZh-kvt\-lsØ FX-amXw
Xm≥ Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw Zpcp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p-
sh∂pw Bflmhv a\- n-em-°p-∂p.
ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Hcp Bflm-hns‚ [mc-Wm-i-‡n-
bpw, Nn¥-bpw, kvt\lhpw F√mw ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
FhnsS sh®m-tWm, Fß-s\-bmtWm Nn¥-bn-eq-sS-bpw, hnth-
N-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw X\n°v sX‰p ]‰n-b-sX∂v Bflmhv ]Tn-°p-
∂p. ip≤o-I-c-W-Ønse thZ-\m-\p- -h-ß-f-n-eqsS amen-\y-߃
\o°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Bflmhv bYm¿∞ kvt\lw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-
°m≥ XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Aßs\ kz¿§-Øn¬ FØn-
°-gn-bp-tºm-tg°pw Hcm-flmhv ]q¿Æ-ambpw ssZhw F¥m-sW-
∂pw, Ahn-SpsØ hgn-Iƒ F¥m-sW∂pw a\- n-em-°n-bn-cn-
°pw. F√m \∑-I-sf-°p-dn-®pw, ssZh-kvt\-l-sØ-∏-‰nbpw
]q¿Æ-ambpw a\- n-em-°nb Bflmhv ssZhsØ kvXpXn-
°m\pw \µn ]-d-bm\pw XpS-ßpw.
Aßs\ ip≤o-I-cWÿew ]m]-߃°p≈ in£
\o°n-°-f-bm-\p≈ ÿew amX-a√, adn®v ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-
®p≈ ]mT-߃ ]Tn-°m-\p≈ hnZym-e-bhpw IqSn-bmWv. ip≤o-
I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°v AhnsS IqSp-X¬ tbmKy-X-Iƒ t\Sm-\p≈
ka-bhpw Ah-k-chpw C√. qan-bn¬ sh®v GXpXcw PohnX
ssien-bmtWm Ah¿ Xnc-s™-Sp-ØXv AXp-aqew Ah¿ Xs∂
krjvSn® ip≤o-I-cWw amXta Ah¿°v AhnsS sNøp-hm-
\p-≈p. ]s£ qan-bn¬ Pohn-°p∂ \ap°v Cu Bflm-°sf
klm-bn-°p-∂-Xp-hgn At\Iw tbmKy-X-Iƒ ssZh-Øn¬
\n∂pw t\Sn-sb-Sp°mw. Ah-cpsS thZ-\-Iƒ Ipd-bv°p-hm\pw,
s]s´∂v Ah¿°v Dƒ°m-gvN-Ifpw, Adn-hp-Ifpw sImSp-°p-
hm\pw \ap°v ssZh-tØmSv ]m¿∞n-°m≥ Ign-bpw. Ah¿°p-
th≠n \Ωƒ ImgvN-sh-°p∂ hn. Ip¿∫m-\-Iƒ, ]m¿∞-\-
Iƒ, ImcpWy ]hr-Øn-Iƒ apX-em-bh Ah-cpsS ssZh-tØm-
Sp≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ cq]w sIm≠ ITn-\-amb
]mfn-Isf s]m´n-®p-am-‰m-\p≈ Dfn-bmbn D]-I-cn-°pw.
- 21 - - 22 -
tbip-hns‚ Xncp-c-‡-Øn¬ Bflm-°sf ka¿∏n-°p-
∂Xv Ahsc klm-bn-°m-\p≈ hfsc \√ Hcp am¿§-amWv.
tbip-hn-t\bpw Ahn-SpsØ ]oVm-k-l-\-ß-tf-bpw, Bflm-
°ƒ°pth≠n Ahn-Sp∂v Poh≥ _en-I-gn-®-Xnt\bpw Hm¿Øv
[ym\n®v Ahsc ka¿∏n-°p-tºmƒ ITn-\-amb B ]pdw-]m-fn-
Isf s]m´n-°m-\pw, \in-∏n-°m\pw klm-b-am-Ipw. Ah¿°p-
th≠n ta¬ hnh-cn® k¬]-hr-Øn-Ifpw ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw \mw
\S-Øp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ B ]mfn-Iƒ s]m´n-®p-am-‰p-hm≥ Ah¿ kzb-
ambn ]b-Xv\n-t°-≠n-h-cpw. CXv FX-amXw _p≤n-ap- p≈ Imcy-
am-sW∂v \ap°v a\- n-em-°m-hp∂-tX-bp-≈q.
ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Nne Bflm-°ƒ hfsc IqSp-X¬
Imew Ign-tb≠n hcpw. qan-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ X߃
hfsc ssZh`‡n-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-cp∂p F∂v hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂-h¿
ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv hfsc IqSp-X¬ kln-t°-≠Xmbnhcpw.
CXn-\p-Im-cWw Ah-cpsS Al-¶mc at\m- mh-am-Wv. A]-Im-c-
ap-≈-h¿°p-th≠n qan-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h¿ ]m¿∞n-°p-
∂n-√, ImcWw Aß-s\-bp≈ Bflm-°ƒ Ah-cpsS ZrjvSn-
bn¬ hfsc ssZh- -‡n-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS
]m¿∞-\-Iƒ e`n-°m-Ø-Xp-aqew Ch-cpsS Bflmhv ip≤o-I-
cWÿeØv IqSp-X¬ Imew kln-t°-≠-Xmbn hcp∂p. AXn-
\m¬ ssZh-`-‡n-bnepw, \∑-bnepw Pohn-®p-a-cn® Bflm-
°ƒ°p-th≠n \Ωƒ \n›-b-ambpw hfsc IqSp-X¬ ]m¿∞n-
°p-∂Xpw Ah¿°p-th≠n Ip¿_m\ sNm√n ka¿∏n-°p-∂Xpw
DØ-a-am-bn-cn-°pw. hnip-≤-cmbn Pohn® ]e Bfp-Ifpw ip≤o-
I-c-W-ÿ-e-Øp-≠v. Ah¿°v t\sc kz¿§-Øn-te°p t]mIm≥
]‰m-Ø-Xns‚ ImcWw Xt∂m-Sp-X-s∂-bp≈ kzm¿∞ kvt\lw
\ne-\n∂ncp-∂-Xn-\m-emWv F∂v ]e hnip-≤¿°pw shfn-s∏-
SpØn In´n-bn- p-≠v.
`qan-bn¬ sh®p-Xs∂ Xt∂m-Sp≈ kzm¿∞kvt\lw,
]m¿∞-\, ]mb-›n-Ø-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ, IqZmi kzoI-cWw Ch-
sbms° hgn-bmbn ip≤o-I-cWw ]q¿Ønbm°m≥ Ign-™m¬
]n∂oSv ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv A[nIw Nne-h-gn-t°-≠-Xmbn
hcn√. amc-I]m]-ßfpw AXp-t]mse eLp-]m-]-ßfpw H∂pw
Xs∂ sNømØ ]e¿°pw Xt∂m-Sp-Xs∂bp≈ kzm¿∞
kvt\lw ]e-t∏mgpw D≠m-bn-cn°pw. CXv Ahsc ]e-hn-[-
Øn-ep≈ aX-kw-_-‘-hpw, hnizm-k-kw-_-‘-hp-amb ]e Dt]-
£-Iƒ°pw Imc-W-am-°pw. Cu Dt]-£-Iƒ°v in£-bp-≠v.
CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Dt]-£-bm-ep≈ ]m]-߃ aqew X\n°v
Xt∂m-Sp≈ kvt\l-Øns‚ D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏´
]pdw ]mfn-Iƒ C√m-Xm-°p-hm≥ Cß-s\-bp-≈-h¿°v ITn-\-
amb ip≤o-I-cWw Bhiy-am-Wv.
hnip-≤n-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-h¿°v HuZm-cyhpw tkh-\-
hp-sams° sNøm≥ ]e Ir]-Iƒ ssZhw \¬In-bn- p-s≠-
¶nepw XßfpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb Aku-I-cy-߃ ]d™v Ah-
bn¬ \n∂v Hgn-™p-am-dn-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv Xt∂m-Sp≈
kzm¿∞kvt\lw aqe-am-Wv. AXm-bXv Pohn-X-Im-eØv X\n°v
apºn¬ e`n-®n-cp∂ \√ Ah-k-c-߃ ]eXpw th≠-hn[w D]-
tbm-Kn-°m-Ø-XmWv Xm≥ ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Ign-tb-≠n-h-
∂-Xns‚ ImcW-sa∂v Nne Bflm-°ƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xmbn
]d-bp-∂p.
ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Hcp Bflmhv ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏- p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xs‚ Imh¬ amemJ ssZh-kvXp-Xn-I-sf-
°p-dn®pw, F¥p-sIm≠v ssZhsØ kvXpXn-°Ww F∂n-
hsb°pdn®pw ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. Xs‚ Imh¬ amem-J-
bpsS Ahn-SpsØ km∂n≤yw Bflm-hn\v BÀmZw \¬Ip-
- 23 - - 24 -
∂ps≠¶nepw, Bizmkw e`n-°p-∂n-√. Bizmkw Bflm-hn\v
e`n-°p-∂Xv ip≤o-I-cWÿesØ kl-\-ß-fn-eq-sS-bpw, qan-
bn-¬ \n∂pw X\n°v e`n-°p∂ ]m¿∞-\-I-fn-¬ \n∂pw amX-
am-Wv.
ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv A\p- -hn-°p∂ thZ-\-Ifpw kl-\-
ßfpw h¿Æn-°m≥ Ign-- bmØ hn[w Ak-l-\o-b-am-sW-¶nepw
AhnsS \n∂pw hn´p-t]m-Iphmt\m, Bsc-¶nepw Ahn-sS- \n∂pw
Ahsc tamNn-∏n-°p-hmt\m Ah¿ BK-ln-°p-∂n-√. ssZh-
kvt\-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xs∂ AI-‰p∂ kzm¿∞-kvt\lw
FXbpw thKw Dcp-In-Xo-cp-hm-\mWv Ah¿ A`n-e-jn-°p-∂-Xv.
Ah¿ ssZh-tØmSv \µn-bp-≈-hcpw ]Xym-i-bp-≈-h-cp-am-Wv.
ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´pIgn-bp-tºmƒ sh◊-bp≈ hnip≤hkvXw
X߃°v e`n-°p-sa∂v Ah¿ ]Xym-in-°p-∂p. Ah-tcm-sSm-∏-
ap≈ Hcm-flm-hn\v AhnSw hn´v kz¿§-Øn-te°v Ib‰w e`n-
°p-tºmƒ a‰p≈ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-°ƒ B\-µn-°p-∂p. ip≤o-
I-c-W-Øn-eqsS kl-\w, HuZm-cyw, tkh-\w, ktlm-Z-c-kvt\lw
Ch-bpsS aqey-߃ Ah¿ a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ B\-
µn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
F√m Bflm-°-fp-sSbpw Hm¿Ω BN-cn-°p∂ Znh-
ksØ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-°ƒ hfsc BImw-£-tbmsS ImØn-
cn-°p-∂p. A∂v Ah¿°v IqSp-X¬ BÀm-Zhpw Bizm-khpw
e`n-°p-∂p. Cu ka-bØv Ah¿ A\p- -hn-°p∂ kt¥m-j-
Øns‚ XohX Ah¿ A\p- -hn-°p∂ kl-\-Øns‚ Af-hp-
t]mse Xs∂-bm-Wv. At∏mƒ Ah-cn¬ \n∂pw ]Im-i-am-\-
amb civan-Iƒ ]pd-Øp-h-cp-∂Xp ImWp-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS
kt¥m-j-Øn\v Af-hp-I-fn-√. ssZhsØ IqSp-X¬ kvt\ln-
°p-hm≥ Ah¿ ]m]vX-cm-Ip-sa∂ t_m≤yw IqSp-X-embn
Ah¿°v e`n-°p-∂p.
`qan-bn¬ sh®v sNbvX Hcp eLp ]m]w t]mepw Bflm-
hn\v FX-amXw \miw D≠m-°p∂p F∂v Ah¿ a\- n-em-°p-
∂p. ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv Bflm-°ƒ GIm-¥X A\p- -hn-°p-
∂p. ip≤o-I-cWÿe-Øns‚ Hgn™ aqe-I-fn¬ InS-°p∂
Bflm-°ƒ a‰p-]-e-sc-bpw-Imƒ At\-I-a-Sßv bmX-\-Iƒ kln-
°p-∂p. Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS aX-kw-_‘hpw, hnizm-
k-]-c-hp-amb Dt]-£-Iƒ a‰-t\Iw Bfp-Isf ssZh-Øn¬
\n∂pw AI-‰n-bXv aqe-amWv Ah¿ AhnsS IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xns‚
Imc-Ww. Ah-cpsS ]m]-߃°p-am-X-a-√, Ah¿ aqew sX‰p
]‰n-b-h-cpsS ]m]-߃°p IqSn Ah¿ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Gs‰-
SpØv ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-bp-≠v. Ch¿ X߃°p e`n®
Xme-¥p-Isf ]c-ky-ambn ssZhsØ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øphm-\pw,
k`sb A[n-t£-]n-°phm\pw D]-tbm-Kn-®-Xp-aq-e-am-Wv.
Al-¶mcw G‰hpw henb ]m]-am-b-Xn-\m¬ AØcw
Bflm-°-fpsS ip≤o-I-cWw ssZ¿Ly-ta-dn-b-XmWv. CØ-c-Øn-
ep-≈-h¿ qan-bn¬ sh®v X\n°v ssZhsØ Bh-iy-an-s√-∂pw,
ssZhsØ A\p-[m-h\w sNøp-hm≥ aSn-®-h-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xm≥
Hcp hnUvVn-bm-bn-cp-∂t√m F∂p a\- n-em°n Ah¿ IqSp-
X¬ ]oV-Iƒ kln-°m≥ Xøm-dm-Ip-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ Icp-
Wbpw, Ir]bpw, kvt\lhpw sIm≠p amX-amWv X߃ ChnsS
FØn-t®¿∂-sX∂pw As√-¶n¬ \nXy-\-c-I-amWv X߃°p e`n-
t°-≠nbncp∂-sX∂pw Ah¿ Kln-°p-∂p. ]cn-ip≤ AΩ ip≤o-
I-cWÿeØv FØn Ahsc Biz-kn-∏n-°p-hm≥ hcp-tºmƒ
Cu Bflm-°ƒ Hgn™p amdp-∂-Xmbn shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ e`n-
®n- p-≠v. ImcWw Ah-fpsS hnip-≤nbpw, ssZh-kvt\-lhpw Ah-
cn¬ hfsc IqSp-X¬ thZ-\-bpw, ]oVbpw Df-hm-°p-∂p. CXn\v
as‰mcp ImcWw qan-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ahsf kvt\ln-
°p-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNømsX Ahsf Xnc-kvI-cn-®-
Xn-\m¬ Cu Bflm-°ƒ°v IqSp-X¬ e÷ D≠m-Ip-∂p.
- 25 - - 26 -
`qan-bn¬ sh®v ]cn-ip≤ AΩsb IqSp-X¬ kvt\ln-®n-
cp-∂-h¿°v ip≤o-I-cWkvYeØv Ah-fn¬ \n∂pw Bizmkw
kzoI-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw F∂v I≠p-h-t√m. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈
Bflm-°sf AhnsS sh®v Ahƒ B›-cy-s∏-Sp-Øpw. Ahƒ
AhnsS IS∂p h∂v ssZh-kvt\-l-Øn¬ \n∂pw AI-‰p∂
Ah-cpsS kzm¿∞-kvt\-lsØ-bpw, Ipd-hp-I-sfbpw IgpIn If-
bp∂p. Aßs\ Bflmhv ]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw hfsc
thK-Øn¬ ip≤o-I-cWÿeØp \n∂pw kz¿§-Øn-te°v B\-
bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. \Ωƒ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ah-tfmSp ]I-Sn-
∏n® kvt\lsØ Ahƒ Hcn-°epw ad-°p-∂n-√. Ct∏mƒ qan-
bn¬ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂hcpw, ]cn-ip≤ AΩsb kvt\ln-°p-
Ibpw _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp hy‡n Xs‚ ]n-b-
s∏´ acn®p t]mb Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-hn\p th≠n ]m¿∞n-
°p -I-bm -sW-¶n¬ Ahƒ B Bflm-hns\ ip≤o-I-
cWÿeØp \n∂pw tamNn-∏n-°pw. Ah-cpsS CØ-cw ]m¿∞-
\-Iƒ ]cn-ip≤ AΩsb hf-sc-b-[n-I-ambn kv]¿in-°p-∂Xp
ImWmw.
ip≤o-I-cWÿeØp \n∂v Bflm-°sf tamNn-∏n-°m≥
km[n-°p∂ G‰hpw \√ Hcp Bbp-[-amWv P]-ame ]m¿∞-
\. ip≤o-I-cW-m-flm-hn\v ssZh-tØm-Spff Xs‚ kvt\l-Øns‚
D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ cq]-s∏- n-cn-°p∂ ISp-∏-ap≈ ]mfnsb Iodn-ap-
dn®v If-bp-hm≥ CXn\p km[n-°pw. ]cn-ip≤ AΩ-bp-ambn
Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Bflob_‘w D≠m-bn-cp-∂-h-cpsS Bflm-
°ƒ°p-th≠n amXm-hp-ambn `qan-bn¬ sh®v Bflob
_‘ap≈-h¿ ]m¿∞n-°p-tºmƒ, Aß-s\-bp≈ Bflm-°ƒ
ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv tim -bp≈ ÿe-ß-fn¬ Bbn-cn-°p-∂-
Xmbn ImWm≥ km[n®p F∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]cn-ip≤ AΩ-
bpsS kvt\lw kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ ]m]y-amb Ah¿ IqSp-X¬
kt¥mjw A\p- -hn-°p-∂-h-cmbn ImW-s∏- p. Ch¿°v a‰p-≈-h-
tc-°mƒ Nne ]tXyI Dƒ°mgvNIƒ e`n-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ hfsc
thKw Bflob Adn-hp-Iƒ e`n-°p-hm≥ km[n-°pw. `qan-bn¬
sh®v ]cn-ip≤ AΩsb kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw, _lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw
sNøm-Xn-cp-∂-h-cpsS Bflm-°ƒ ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv hfsc
_p≤n-ap- p-Iƒ A\p- -hn-°p-∂p. Ahƒ IS∂p hcp-tºmƒ, Ah-
fpsS \ng¬ Ah-cpsS ta¬ ]Xn-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿°v i‡-amb
thZ-\bpw ]oV-Ifpw A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn Adnhv e`n-®n- p-≠v.
22222acn-bm-kn-½mbv¡v e`n¨
shfn-s¸-Sp-¯-ep-IÄ
HmkvSn -bm-bnse shmdmƒt_¿Kv Ip∂p-I-fn -ep≈,
tkm¨SmKv F∂ Hcp Kma-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p acn-bm-knΩ Pohn-®n-
cp-∂-Xv. XnI®pw Hcp KmaoW kvXobmbn Pohn-®n-cp∂ Ah¿
Ip´n-°mew apXte ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p th≠n ]m¿∞n-®n-
-cp-∂p. Ahƒ°v GXm≠v Ccp-]-Øn-b©p hb- m-b-t∏mƒ apX¬
ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-°ƒ Z¿i-\-Øn-eqsS Ahsf kµ¿in-°m-dp-≠m-
bn-cp-∂p. Dd® Hcp ItØm-en°m hnizm-knbpw, hfsc Xmgva-bp≈
Hcp hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ DS-a-bp-am-bn-cp∂p acn-b. Ah-fpsS CS-hI
hnIm-cn-bn¬ \n∂pw, _nj-∏n¬ \n∂pw Ahƒ°v [mcmfw
t]m¬km-l\w e`n-®n-cp-∂p. hfsc Zmcn-Zy-Ønepw Ffn-a-bn-ep-ap-
s≈mcp Pohn-X-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-fp-tS-Xv. hnip≤ tUm¨ t_mkvtIm,
hnip≤ uÃo-\, hnip≤ P¿Xq-Uv, Pt\m-h-bnse hnip≤ ImX-
do≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿s°ms° e`n-®n-cp∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈ Hcp hc-am-
bn-cp∂p Ahƒ°v e`n-®n-cp-∂-Xv.
1940 mw am≠nse Hcp Znhkw shfp-∏ns\ aq∂p-a-Wn°pw
- 27 - - 28 -
\mep-a-Wn-°p-an-S-bn-emWv Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv acn-bsb BZy-
ambn kµ¿i-n°p-∂-Xv. GtXm i_vZw tI´v DW¿s∂-¶n-epw,
Ahƒ°v bw H∂pw A\p- -h-s∏- n-√. Hcp A]-cn-Nn-X≥ apdn-
°-I-Øp-IqSn \S-°p-∂p. Abm-tfmSv IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ acnb
Bh-iy-s∏-s´-¶nepw ]d-™Xv tI´n√ F∂ `mh-Øn¬
apdn°IØpIqSn ho≠pw \S-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. \n߃
F¥mWv sNøp-∂Xv F∂v acnb tNmZn-s®-¶nepw Abmƒ adp-
]Sn H∂pw \¬In-bn-√. I´n-en¬ \n∂pw NmSn Fgp-t∂‰ acnb
Abmsf IS∂p ]nSn-°m≥ ian-s®-¶nepw ssIøn¬ H∂pw
XS--™n-√. ho≠pw I´n-en¬ Ib-dn-In-S∂ acn-bbv°v B cq]w
ImWp-hm≥ Ign-™p. ho≠pw Fgp-t∂‰v Abmsf ]nSn-°p-
hm≥ ian-s®-¶nepw iaw hn -e-ambn. Abmsf ]n∂oSv I≠n-
s√-¶nepw B cmXn Ahƒ°v Dd-ßm≥ Ign-™n-√. ASpØ
Znhkw hn. Ip¿_m-\-bv°p-tijw Ahƒ Xs‚ Bflob Kpcp-
hns‚ ]°¬ Cu hnhcw Adn-bn-®p. C\nbpw C]-Imcw ImWp-
I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \n߃ BcmWv F∂v tNmZn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw
\n߃°v F∂n¬ \n∂v F¥v klm-b-amWv th≠Xv F∂v
tNmZn-°p-hm≥ At±lw Bh-iy-s∏- p. ASpØ Znhkw cmXn
A]-cn-Nn-X≥ ho≠pw kµ¿in-®-t∏mƒ acnb Xs‚ Bflob
Kpcp ]d-™Xp t]mse tNmZn-®p. X\n°p th≠n aq∂p hnip≤
Ip¿_m-\-Iƒ sNm√n ka¿∏n-®m¬ Xm≥ hnap-‡-\m-hp-sa∂v
Abmƒ ]d-™p. At∏mƒ amX-amWv AXv Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-
flmhv BsW∂v acn-bbv°v a\- n-em-b-Xv. Cu Imcyw Xs‚
Bflob Kpcp ÿnco-I-cn°pIbpw CØ-c-Øn¬ C\n IS∂p
hcp∂ Bflm-°sf HuZmcy at\m- m-h-tØmsS amXta kzoI-
cn-°mhp F∂pw Ah¿°v th≠Xv sNbvXpsImSp°-W-sa∂pw
Bflob Kpcp ]c-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp. CØ-c-Øn¬ h¿j-ß-tfmfw
At\Iw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ Xs∂ kµ¿in-®-Xmbn acnb
]d-bp-∂p.
hn. Ip¿_m-\-t]mse, P]-ame ]m¿∞-\bpw Ipcn-ins‚
hgnbpw Ah¿°p-th≠n sNm√n ka¿∏n-°m≥ Ah¿ bmNn-
®n-cp-∂p. Hcn-°¬ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv FØnb Bflm-°ƒ
AhnsS \n∂pw Hcn-°epw aS-ßn-t∏m-Ip-hm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂n-
√. `qan-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-tc-°mƒ Af-°m≥ ]‰mØ
hn[w Af-hn¬ Ah¿°v Adnhpw Dƒ°m-gvNbpw e`n-®n- p-
s≠∂v acnb ]d-bp-∂p. A‘-Imcw \nd™ Cu temI-Øn-
te°v aS-ßn-h-cp-hm≥ Ah¿ BK-ln-°p-∂n-√. ip≤o-I-c-Wÿ-
eØv Ah¿ A\p- -hn-°p∂ thZ\ hfsc ITn-\-am-sW-¶nepw
CXn\p tijw ssZh-tØmSp IqSn \nXy-ambpw Pohn°mw F∂
Hcp Dd® hnizmkw Ah¿°p≠v. CXp-aq-e-ap-≠m-Ip∂
kt¥mjw X߃ A\p- -hn-°p∂ thZ-\-tb-°mƒ IqSp-X-em-
Wv. qan-bn-te°p aSßn t]mIp-hm-\mbn qan-bn-ep≈sXm∂pw
Ah¿ hep-Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√.
ssZh-a√ Hcp hy‡nsb ip≤o-I-cWÿetØ°v Ab-
°p-∂-sX∂pw adn®v B hy‡n-bpsS Bflmhp Xs∂-bmWv
Ahn-tS°p t]mIp-hm≥ BKlw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂pw acn-
b°v shfn-s∏-SpØn In´n-bn- p≠v. ip≤o-I-cWÿe-Øp≈ Hcp
Bflmhv ssZh-Øns‚ BK-l-tØmSv ]q¿Æ-ambpw H´n-t®¿∂n-
cn-°p-∂p. \∑-bn¬ Ah¿ kt¥m-jn-°p-Ibpw, \ΩpsS \∑sb
Ah¿ BK-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ssZh-sØbpw `qan-bn-
ep≈hscbpw Ah¿ kvt\ln-°p-∂p.
acn-°p∂ ka-bØv Hcp Bflmhv ssZh-sØbpw, Ahn-
SpsØ tXPkpw ImWp-∂p. CXv ]q¿Æ-amb tXP- n¬ A√m-
sb∂p amXw. F¶n¬ t]mepw AXns‚ tim` Xo¿Øpw h¿Æ-
\m-Xo-X-am-Wv. kz¿§-Øn¬ (\n-Xy-X) Bflmhv FØn-°-gn-bp-
tºmƒ a\- n-em-°p∂ tim -bp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ
CXv H∂p-a-√.
- 29 - - 30 -
acn-bbv°v ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-m°-fn¬ \n∂pw e`n® Adn-
hp-Iƒ sh®v ]cn-ip≤ AΩ ip≤o-I-cWÿew kµ¿-in-°m-
dp-s≠∂v a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™p. ]cn-ip≤ AΩ ip≤o-I-c-
Wm-flm-°sf Biz-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw, Ah¿ sNbvXn- p≈ \∑-
Isf Hm¿Ωn∏n°m-dp-ap-≠v. AΩ Ah¿°v ss[cyhpw t]m¬km-
l-\hpw, Bflhnizm-khpw \¬Ip-∂p. ]tXy-In®v InkvXp-a-
kv, kIe Bflm-°-fpsSbpw Hm¿Ω-Zn-hkw (\-hw-_¿ c≠v)
Zp:Jsh≈n, am-Xm-hns‚ kz¿§m-tcm-]Ww, CutimbpsS kz¿§m-
tcm-lWw XpS-ßn-b Xncp-\m-fp-I-fn¬ [mcmfw Bflm-°sf
AΩ ip≤o-I-cWÿe-Øp-\n∂pw tamNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xmbn shfn-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.
Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ HuZmcyw, tkh\w Ch sNøm-Xn-cn-
°p-I, a‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\l-°p-d-hv, lrZ-b-Im-Tn\yw, hntZz-
jw, iXp-X, A]-hmZw ]d-®n¬ apX-em-b-X-c-Øn-ep≈ ]hr-
Øn-Iƒ aqe-ap-≠mb ]m]-ß-fmWv ip≤o-I-cWÿe-tØ°p
t]mIp-hm-\p≈ Imc-W-߃ F∂v acn-b°v Adnhp e`n®p.
\oN-hpw, Iqc-hp-amb ]hr-Øn-Iƒ, A]-hmZw ]d-®n¬
Chbv°v hfsc IqSp-X¬ ip≤o-I-cWw Bh-iy-am-Wv.
c≠m-fp-I-fn¬ Hcp ]pcp-j\pw Hcp kvXobpw, Ch¿
ip≤o-I-cWÿe-ØmtWm F∂-dn-bp-hm≥ acn-b-tbmSv Hcmƒ
Bh-iy-s∏- p. CXnse kvXo kz¿§-Ønepw, ]pcp-j≥ ip≤o-
I-cWÿe-Øp-am-sW∂ acn-b-bpsS shfn-s∏-Sp-ج, tNmZn®
Bfns\ hfsc A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn. ImcWw taev∏-d™ kvXo
Hcp `qW-l-Xy-°n-S-bn-emWv ac-W-s∏- -Xv. F∂m¬ B ]pcp-
j≥ tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ t]mIp∂ Bfpw \√ PohnXw \bn-°p∂
Hcm-fp-am-bn-cp∂p. Cßs\ tI -t∏mƒ sX‰p ]‰ntbm F∂ kwi-
b-Øm¬ acnb CtX-∏‰n IqSp-X¬ At\z-jWw Bcw- n-®p.
]s£ Ahƒ°p e`n® shfn-s∏-Sp-ج icn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. c≠m-
fp-Ifpw GI-tZiw Htc ka-b-ØmWv acn-®sX¶nepw acWka-
bsØ c≠p-t]-cp-sSbpw AhÿIƒ hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp∂p. Cu
kvXo hfsc hn\o-Xbpw, Ffn-a-bp-≈-hfpw, ac-W-k-a-bØv
A\p-Xm-]-mh-ÿ-bnepw Bbn-cp-∂p. ]s£ ]pcp-j≥ a‰p-≈-
hsc Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw, ]cmXn ]d-bp-Ibpw, a‰p-≈-h-sc-°p-
dn®v ZqjWw ]d-bp∂ Bfp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Imc-W-ØmemWv
B kvXo ip≤o-I-cWw thK-Øn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm°n kz¿§-
Øn¬ FØn-t®-cm≥ klm-b--am-bXv. _mly-am-bh t\m°n
Bscbpw hn[n-°-cp-sX∂v Xncp-h-N-\-Øn¬ hy‡-ambn ]d-
bp-∂p-≠-t√m.
\ap°v CjvS-an-√mØ hy‡n-Isf Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-I, kam-
[m\ ia-߃°v hnk-Ω-Xn-°p-I, £an-°m-Xn-cn-°pI, Cu Ah-
ÿ-Iƒ F√mw \Ωn¬ Ip∂p-IqSn HuZmcyw sNøm-Ø-h-cmbn
\sΩ am‰p-Ibpw, CXv ]m]-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p. CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´v acnb as‰m-c-\p- hw ]¶p shbv-°p-
∂p. X\n°v \√-hÆw ]cn-N-b-ap≈ Hcp kvXo ac-W-tijw
ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-esØØn. Ah¿ acn-bsb kµ¿in-°pIpw
Xm≥ ITn-\-amb kl-\-Ønepw ]oV-bnepw BsW∂pw Adn-
bn-®p. -Po-hn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ X\n°v Hcp Iq´p-Imcn D≠m-bn-cp-
∂p. Ah-fp-ambn Xm≥ iXp-X-bnembn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw, h¿j-ß-
tfmfw B Ahÿ XpS¿∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Ahƒ ]d™p.
CXn-\n-Sbv°v Xs‚ Iq´p-Imcn £an-°p-hm\pw A\p-c-⁄-\-
s∏-Sphm\pw Xøm-dm-bn´pw Ahƒ ac-W-°n-S-°-bnembn-´p-
t]mepw Xm≥ £an-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-bn√ F∂v B Bflmhv
]d™p. Ahƒ acn-°m-dm-bn´pt]mepw Ahƒ°p-t\sc Xm≥
lrZbw AS-bv°p-Ibpw, A\pc⁄\-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. CXmWv Xm≥ ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv FØn-b-Xns‚
Imc-W-sa∂v Ah¿ Adn-bn-®p. \ΩpsS tami-amb hm°p-Ifpw
- 31 - - 32 -
NoØ ]hr-Øn-Ifpw a‰p-≈-hsc sIm√m≥ km≤y-am-°p-∂Xp
t]mse \√ hm°p-Ifpw \√ ]hr-Øn-Ifpw a‰p-≈-hsc kpJ-
s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw klm-b-I-am-Ip-∂p. a‰p-≈-h-tcmSv \√ lrZ-b-
ap-≈-h-cmbn s]cp-am-dp-∂-h¿°pw kvt\ln-°p-∂-h¿°pw ip≤o-
I-cWw D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√. AXm-bXv bYm¿∞ kvt\lw \nc-h-
[n-bmb ]m]-ßsf aqSn-°-f-bp-∂p.
ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-m°-fpsS ip≤o-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥
\ap°v ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ Ahsc klm-bn-°mw. Ah¿°v \sΩ
klm-bn-°m≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿ \sΩ klm-
bn-°pw. ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°-sf-∏‰n at\m-l-c-amb Xs‚ ]pkvX-
I-Øn-eqsS ^mZ¿ s_dn-temIvkv Hcp kvXosb-°p-dn®v
Cßs\ ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu hy‡n ]m¿∞-\bpw Xs‚
kl-\-ßfpw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°fpsS hnSp-X-en-\p-th≠n
ImgvN sh®n-cp∂ Bfm-bn-cp-∂p.-A-hƒ ac-W-°n-S-°-bn¬ InS-
°p-tºmƒ Hcp ZpjvSm-cq-]n-bpsS ]°¬ \n∂pw Ahƒ c£-
s∏-´p. CXp a\- n-em-°nb B ZpjvSm-cq]n tcmj-tØmsS
Ahsf BI-an®p. Cu ka-bØv AKm[Iq]Øn¬ InS∂
F√m ZpjvSm-cq-]n-Ifpw HØp tN¿∂v Hcp tk\-bmbn
Ahƒs°-Xnsc Xncn-™p. Ipd®p kabtØ°v Ch¿ ]oV-
\-߃ sIm≠v Ahsf _p≤n-ap- n-®p. s]s´∂v Hcp Iq´w A]-
cn-Nn-Xcpw Ah¿Æ-\o-b-amb kuµ-cy-Øns‚ DS-a-I-fp-amb Iptd-
t∏¿ ZpjvSm-cq-]n-Isf B´n-∏m-bn-®p. kt¥m-j-tØmsS CX-
amXw D]-Imcw X\n°v sNbvXp Xcp-hm≥ \n߃ Bcm-sW∂v
ac-Wm-k-∂-bmb kvXo tNmZn-®p. \n߃ ]m¿∞-\-bn-eq-sS-
bpw, kl-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw \nXy-X-bnseØm≥ klm-bn®
kz¿§-hm-kn-I-fm-sW∂v Ah¿ Adn-bn-®p. Bflo-b-ambpw imcn-
co-I-ambpw thZ-\n-°p∂ Cu ÿeØp \n∂pw c£-s]-SpØn
kt¥m-j-Øns‚ ÿe-amb \nXy-X-bn¬ \nßsf FØn-°m≥
IqSn-bmWv X߃ FØn-bn-cn-°p-∂sX∂v Ah¿ Adn-bn-®p.
acn-°m≥ InS∂ Ah-fpsS apJØv ]p©ncn hnS-cp-Ibpw kam-
[m-\-Øn¬ Ahƒ acn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ ]mhn-t‚Xp
t]mse ]cn-ip-≤-amb Ah-fpsS Bflmhv Xs‚ k¬]-hr-Øn-
Iƒ aqew ip≤o-I-cWÿeØp \n∂pw \nXy-X-bn¬ FØn-
t®¿°-s∏´ At\Iw Bflm-°-fpsS kwc-£-W-tØmSpw,
klm-b-tØm-Spw, A\p-K-lm-in-kp-I-tfmSpw, Iø-Sn-I-tfmSpw
IqSn ssZhk∂n-[n-bn¬ ka¿∏n-°-s∏- p.
\ΩpsS ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ aqew hnSp-X¬ e`n® ip≤o-I-c-
Wm-fl-°ƒ°v \ΩpsS Bh-iy-߃ Adn-bp-hm-\pw, klm-bn-
°p-hm-\pw, Ir]-Iƒ hmßn®p Xcp-hm\pw km[n-°pw. IqSmsX
taep-≤-cn® A\p- -h-Øn¬ \n∂pw ac-W-k-a-bØv \ΩpsS ico-
c-sØbpw, Bflm-hn-s\bpw ZpjvSm-cq-]n-Iƒ ]oVn-∏n-°m≥ ian-
°p-sa∂pw Cu kabw \mw \n -lm-b-cm-sW-∂p-ap≈ kXyw
a\- n-em-°p-I. kz¿§-hm-kn-Iƒ°v Cu kabw \sΩ klm-
bn-°m≥ km[n°pw. ZpjvSm-cq-]n-Iƒ tami-bpsS arX-i-co-c-
Øn\v Ah-Imiw ]d-bp∂ mKw bqZmkv 1, 9˛¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-
bn- p-≠t√m.
Pohn-X-Im-eØp sNbvX ]m]-߃ F√mw XpS-®p-am-‰p-
hm≥ Hcp k¬]-hr-Øn°v F-]-Imcw km[n-°p-sa∂v acnb
Cßs\ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. acn-bbpsS Kma-Øn-\-Sp-Øp≈
Kma-Øn¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ Hcp sNdp-∏-°mcs‚ A\p- hw C]-
Im -c -am -bn -cp∂p. B Kma -Øn¬ XpS¿®-bmbn ]e
]IrXnt£m -߃ aqew [mcmfw Bfp-Iƒ acn-°m-\n-S-bm-bn.
Hcp Znhkw Bbmƒ ho´n-en-cn-°p-tºmƒ AhnsS CØ-c-Øn-
ep≈ Hcp ]Ir-Xn-t£m`w D≠m-bn. henb Ic-®nepw klm-b-
- 33 - - 34 -
`y¿∞-\-bp-ambn Bfp-Iƒ i_vZ-ap-≠m-°p-∂Xp tI´ Abmƒ
Ahsc klm-bn-°m-\mbn hoSn\v ]pd-Øn-d-ßm≥ ian-®-t∏mƒ
Abm-fpsS AΩ XS-™p. AΩ-bpsS hm°v \nc-kn-®p-sIm≠v
Ahsc c£n-°m-\mbn Abmƒ ]pdØp IS-∂p. Abmfpw B
]IrXnt£m`Øn¬s∏´p acn-®p. aq∂p Znh-k-Øn-\p-tijw
Abm-fpsS Bflmhv acn-bsb kµ¿in-®n´v X\n-°p-th≠n
aq∂p hnip≤ Ip¿-_m-\-Iƒ sNm√n ka¿∏n-®m¬ ip≤o-I-c-
W-ÿ-e-Øp-\n∂v X\n°v hnSp-X¬ In´p-sa∂v Adn-bn-®p. Cu
hnhcw acnb Abm-fpsS IpSpw-_mw-K-ßsf Adn-bn-®p. Cbmƒ
hfsc ]m]-h-ÿ-bn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ Bfm-bn-cp∂p F∂v Abm-
fpsS Iq´p-Im-c≥ ]d-™p. XpS¿∂v acn® Bflmhv acn-b°v
CtX-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ hy‡X \¬In. Xs‚ Pohs\ ]Wbw
sh®p-sIm≠v Ah¿°p-th≠n sNbvX bYm¿∞-amb Hcp
kvt\l-]-hr-Øn°v \µn-bm-bn- mWv ssZhw Xs∂ kz¿§-Øn-
te°v aS°n hnfn-®-sX∂v Abmƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. Xs‚ Hcp
HuZm-cy ]hrØn Akw-Jy-ß-fmb Xs‚ ]m]-ßsf aqSn-°-
f™p. ktlm-Zc\p th≠n Poh≥ XyPn--°p-∂Xv G‰hpw
henb Hcp kvt\l-]-hr-Øn-bmsW∂v hN-\-Øn-eqsS ]d-bp-
∂p-≠-t√m. Cbmƒ°v CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ bYm¿∞-amb Hcp
kvt\l ]hrØn sNøp-hm≥ ]n∂oSv Hcp Ah-kcw Hcn-°epw
e`n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂v acnb Iq´nt®¿Øp. Xs∂Øs∂
ad∂v Cu kvt\lw ]I-Sn-∏n-°m≥ e`n® Ah-kcw Imcp-Wy-
hm-\mb ssZhw Abmsf kz¿§-Øn-te°p aS-°n hnfn-°m≥
D]-tbm-Kn-®p. Hcp ]t£ Cbmƒ IqSp-X¬ Imew Pohn-®n-cp-
∂p-sh-¶n¬ tami-amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ FØn-t®-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n-cn-
°mw. CXp I≠ ssZhw Abmsf aS°n hnfn-®p. acWka-
bØv ssZthjvS-Øn\v \sΩ ]q¿Æ-ambn hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv
FX-b-[nIw Bh-iy-am-sW∂v CXn¬ \n∂pw hy‡-am-W-t√m.
\mep a°-fp≈ Hcp AΩ-sb-∏‰n acnb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-
bXv C]-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. acn-°m-dmb ka-bØv ]cm-Xn-s∏-Sm-
sXbpw ssZh-hp-ambn a√-Sn-°p-∂-Xn\p ]I-c-ambn Ahƒ
Cßs\ ]m¿∞n-®p. “Ahn-SpsØ lnX-a-dn-™p-sIm≠v ac-
WsØ Rm≥ kzmKXw sNøp-∂p. Fs‚ Pohn-XsØ Rm≥
]q¿Æ-ambn ssZh-Øn\v ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. H∏w Fs‚ a°-sfbpw
Aß-bn¬ c-ta¬∏n-°p-∂p. Aßv Ah-cpsS Imcyw i≤n-°p-
sa∂v Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p”. Ah-fpsS Ah¿Æ-\o-bamb
hnizmkw ImcWw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØp IS-°msX Ahƒ
t\sc kz¿§-Øn¬ FØn-t®¿∂p. kvt\lw, Ffna (hn-\-bw),
]q¿Æ ka¿∏Ww Ch t\sc kz¿§-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cm-\p≈
aq∂v kz¿Æ-Xm-t°m-ep-I-fm-Wv.
hn. Ip¿_m\ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-m°sf tamNn-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈
G‰hpw \√ Hcp am¿§-ambn acnb hnh-cn-°p-∂p. \tΩm-Sp≈
kvt\l-Øm-emWv tbip Xs∂-Øs∂ \ap-°mbn \¬In-bXv.
sshZo-I≥ tbip-hns‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-bm-Wv. ssZhw Xs∂-bmWv
\ap-°p-th≠n _en-bm-hp-I-bpw, Xs∂Øs∂ \ap-°mbn \¬Ip-
Ibpw sNbvX-Xv. acn-®p-t]m-b-h¿°p th≠n sNm√n ka¿∏n-
°p∂ hn. Ip¿_m\ D±n-jvS- ew ]Zm\w sNøm≥ hfsc klm-
bn-°p-∂p. Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ hn. Ip¿_m-\-bn¬ hniz-kn-®n-cp-
∂-h¿°pw, AXn\v henb ]m[m\yw \¬In-b-h¿°pw, ac-Wm-
\¥cw Ah¿°p-th≠n ka¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ hn.-Ip¿_m-\-Iƒ
FX-amXw ^e]Z-am-sW∂v ]d-™-dn-bn-°p-hm≥ km≤y-a-√.
Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Xpd∂ lrZ-b-tØmsS FX-b-[nIw hn.
Ip¿_m-\-I-fn¬ Ah¿ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂pthm (k-a-b-e- y-X-b-\p-
-cn®v CS-Zn-h-k-߃ Dƒs∏-sS) A\p-k-cn-®m-bn-cn°pw ac-Wm-
\-¥cw AØcw Bfp-Iƒ°p-th≠n ka¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ hn.
Ip¿_m-\-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Ah¿ em`w sImøp-∂Xv. Chn-sSbpw
- 35 - - 36 -
Ah-\-h≥ hnX-®Xv Ah-\-h≥ Xs∂ sImøp-∂p. Hcp ip≤o-I-
c-Wm-flm-hn\v Xs‚ ih-kw-kvImcw \S-°p-∂Xp t]mepw ImWp-
hm≥ Ign-bpw. Ah-tcmSv a‰p-≈-h¿°v At∏m-gp-≠m-bn-cp∂ kao-
]-\hpw a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bpw. ]m¿∞-\I-f-√msX \-ΩpsS
IÆp-\o-scm-gp-°-sem∂pw Ah¿°v Hcp ]tbm-P-\hpw sNøp-
∂n-√. Xß-fpsS ih-kw-kv°mc ka-bØv h∂-bm-fp-Iƒ
X߃°p th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw Hcp ]tbm-P-
\hpw C√mØ IÆp-\o¿ Hgp-°¬ amXw \S-Øn-b-Xn-s\-∏‰n
Ah¿ acn-b-tbmSv shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p≠v.
hn. Ip¿_m-\-sb-∏‰n B¿kn-se- Iyq¿ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ønb
Hcp kw`hw C]-Im-c-am-Wv. Hcp sshZo-I≥ Xs‚ hfsc ASp-
∏-ap≈ Hcp Iq´p-Im-c≥ acn-®-t∏mƒ Abmƒ°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-
°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. Cbmƒ ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv hfsc IjvS-
∏m-Sp-Iƒ A\p- -hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmsW∂v ssZhw sshZo-
I\v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-SpØp. hn. Ip¿_m\ amXta CXn\v D]-
I-cn-°p-I-bp-≈p F∂p a\- n-em-°nb hnizm-kn-bmb sshZo-
I≥ ka¿∏W ka-bØv Xncp-thmkvXn ssIøn-se-SpØv
Db¿Øn Cßs\ ]d-™p. “]cn-ip-≤-\mb \nXy-]n-Xmth! \ap°v
Hcp ssIam‰w \SØmw. ip≤o-I-cWÿe-Øp≈ Fs‚ Iq´p-
Im-cs‚ Bflmhv Aß-bpsS Ic-ß-fn-em-W-t√m. AXp-t]mse
Aß-bpsS ]nb-]p-Xs‚ Xncp-i-cocw BWt√m Fs‚ ssIøn¬
Rm≥ hln-®n-cn°p∂-Xv. ImcpWy-hm\pw \∑-\n-d-™-h-\p-amb
]nXmth, Aß-bpsS tbmKy-Xbpw, Ahn-SpsØ ]pXs‚ ]oVm-
\p- -h-Øn-s‚bpw, Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw tbmKy-X-Iƒ ka¿∏n-
°p-∂Xp hgn Fs‚ Iq´p-Imcs‚ Bflm-hns\ tamNn-∏n-t°-W-
ta.” DS-s\-Xs∂ Cu At]-£bv°v adp-]Sn e`n-®p. Iq´p-Im-
cs‚ Bflmhv sh´n-Øn-f-ßp∂ tXP-t msS kz¿§-Øn-te°v
Db-cp-∂Xv At±lw ImWm≥ CS-bmbn. ssZhw B hyh-ÿsb
AwKo-I-cn-®p-. Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-hns\ AhnsS \n∂pw
tamNn-∏n-°p-hm≥ \mw BK-ln-°p-s∂-¶n¬ C]-Imcw Xs∂
sNøp-I. hn. Ip¿_m-\-bn-eqsS Xs‚ ]nb]pXs\ Ahn-SpsØ
]oVm-\p-`-h-Øn-s‚bpw Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw tbmKy-X-
tbmSp IqSn ka¿∏n-°p-tºmƒ Ahn-Sp∂v \ΩpsS bmN-\-Isf
\nc- n--°p-Ibn-√.
\ΩpsS IjvS-X-Iƒ, ]›m-Øm-]w, ]mb-›nØ ]hr-
Øn-Iƒ, D]-hm-kw, kzbwXyPn-°¬, tcmK-]o-V-Iƒ apX-em-
bh aqe-ap≈ kl-\-߃ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p th≠n
ImgvN hbv°p-∂Xv Ah¿°p hfsc klm-b-I-am-Ipw. Hcp
ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv acn-b-tbmSv X\n°p th≠n aq∂p-a-Wn-°q¿
ico-c-Øn¬ kl-\-߃ kzoIcn-°mtam F∂v A`y¿∞n®-
Xmbn ]d-bp-∂p. acnb CXn\v kΩXw \¬In. Cu aq∂p aWn-
°q¿ X\n°v aq∂p Znh- -ambn A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-Ibpw B ka-
bØv A\p- -hn® thZ\ ]d-™-dn-bn-°m≥ ]‰mØ hn[-Øn-
em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v acnb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.. Cu kl-\-߃
Xo¿∂p-I-gn™v hm®n¬ t\m°n-b-t∏mƒ aq∂p aWn-°q¿ FSp-
Øn--cp-∂p F∂p a\- n-em-bn. Xm≥ kvt\l-tØm-Sp-IqSn aq∂p
aWn°q¿ kln-®-Xn-\m¬ Xs‚ ip≤o-I-cWÿesØ Ccp-]-
Xp-h¿jw Ipd™p In´n-b-Xmbn A`y¿∞\ \S-Ønb Bflmhv
Adn-bn-®p. qan-bn¬ sh®p≈ kl-\-߃°v IqSp-X¬ aqey-
ap-s≠∂v Cu A\p- -h-Øn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-em-°mw. qan-bn¬
sh®v \mw IqSp-X¬ kln-°p-tºmƒ \Ωn-ep≈ kvt\lw hf-
cp-Ibpw AXp-aqew [mcmfw Ir]-Iƒ \ap°p e`n-°p-Ibpw
sNøpw. F∂m¬ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿesØ kl-\-ß-fn-eqsS AXv
A\p- -hn-°p∂ Bflm-hns‚ ]m]-߃ amXta ip≤o-I-cn-°-
s∏-Sphm≥ D]-I--cn-°p-∂p-≈q. Ah¿°v AhnsS CXp-aqew A[n-
I-ambn Ir]-Iƒ H∂pw e`n-°p-∂n-√. qan-bn¬ Pohn-°p-tºmƒ
- 37 - - 38 -
Hcmƒ°v [mcmfw Ir]-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥ hgn-I-fp≠v. AXv Xnc-
s™-Sp-°m-\p≈ kzmX¥yw Ah¿°p-≠v. `qan-bnse kl-\-
߃°v Akm-[m-c-W-amb Hcp A¿∞-ap-≠v. kzta-[bm kl-
\-߃ Gs‰-Sp°p-Itbm, As√-¶n¬ \ap°v A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏- h
kt¥m-j-tØmsS kzoI-cn-°p-Itbm sNøp-tºmƒ- -A-s√-¶n¬
tcmK-ßfpw Pohn-X-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ IjvS-∏m-Sp-Ifpw, \ncmimP\-
I-amb A\p- -h-ßfpw Hcp sNdnb _en-bmbn ]q¿Æ Ffn-a-
tbmSpw £a-tbmSpw IqSn kzoI-cn®v ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°v
th≠n ImgvN-sh-°p-tºmƒ AXv Ah¿°v Af-°m≥
]‰mØhn[w ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp∂p. \ΩpsS kl-\-߃ tbip-
hns‚ kl-\-ß-tfm-Sp-IqSn tN¿Øp-sh®v ]cn-ip≤ AΩ-bpsS
Ic-ß-fn-eqsS ka¿∏n-°p-∂Xv AXyp-Ø-a-am-bn-cn-°pw. Ahsb
Fßs\ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂v AΩbv°v Adn-bmw. Ch-
sb√mw ]cn-ip≤ AΩ \ΩpsS acWka-bØv aS-°n-Ø-cpw.
\Ωƒ Bflm-°ƒ°p-th≠n ImgvN-sh® kl-\-߃ hcm-\n-
cn-°p∂ temI-Øn-te°v \Ωƒ \ap-°p-th≠n kºm-Zn-°p∂
AXy-[nIw hne-s∏´ \n[n-I-fmbn amdpw. a‰p-≈-hsc \mw CXv
Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw \ΩpsS kl-\-߃ a‰p-≈-hsc t]m¬km-
ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v DX-Ip-∂-Xp-am-I-Ww.
Ipcn-ins‚ hgn \SØn Cutim-bpsS ]oVm-k-l-\-ßsf
[ym\n-°p-∂Xp hgn Aev]mev]ambn ]m]-ßsf shdp-°p-hm\pw
a‰p-≈-h-cpsS c£-°p-th≠n \mw BK-ln-°p-hm\pw XpS-ßp-
∂p. \ΩpsS a\- n¬ P\n-°p∂ Cu Xmev]cyw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-
flm-°ƒ°v hfsc Bizmkw \¬Ip-∂p. Ipcn-ins‚ hgn
]m¿∞\ \sΩ A\p-Xm-]-Øn-tebv°v \bn-°p-∂p. kºq¿Æ
P]-am-ebpw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°sf hf-sc-b-[nIw klm-bn-°p-
∂p. P]-ame ]m¿∞-\-bn-eqsS At\Iw Bflm-°ƒ hnSp-X¬
]m]n-°p-∂p. Cu ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v ]cn-ip≤ AΩ
ip≤o-I-cW ÿeØv \n∂v At\Iw Bflm-°sf tamNn-∏n-
°p-∂p. ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-m°ƒ ]cn-ip≤ I\y-Im-a-dn-bsØ “Icp-
W-bpsS AΩ” (Mother of Mercy) F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p.
k -bn-eqsS G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn--°p∂ Zfihntam-N-\-߃
ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°sf tamNn-∏n-°m≥ FX-b-[nIw hne-s∏´
Hcp am¿§-am-sW∂v ]e¿°pw t_m≤y-an-√. k` \njvI¿jn-
°p∂ hne-s∏´ Cu \n[n Bflm-°-fpsS c£-°p-th≠n D]-
tbm-Kn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv hfsc Iqc-am-Wv. CXns‚ aqeysØ∏-
‰n-bpw, th≠-hn[w D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰nbpw k`m-a-
°-fn¬ Ah-t_m[w krjvSn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-bp≠v. t]mƒ Bdm-
a≥ am¿]m∏ CtX-°p-dn®v hfsc hni-Z-ambn Fgp-Xn-bn- p-≠v.
\ΩpsS ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°sf hf-sc-b-[nIw
klm-bn-°p∂p F∂-Xn\v sl¿a≥ tIml≥ F∂ Hcp blq-
Zs‚ A\p- -h-Øn¬ \n∂v a\- n-em-°mw. Ct±lw 1864 ˛¬
ItØmen°mk` kzoI-cn-®p. hn. Ip¿_m-\sb hf-sc-b-[nIw
_lp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw, hn. Ip¿_m-\-bpsS Bcm-[-\-bn¬ Xm¬]-
cy-]q¿∆w ]s¶-Sp-°pIbpw sNbvXn-cp∂ H-cm-fm-bn-cp∂p
At±lw. ItØm-en°mk` kzoI-cn-°msX Xs‚ AΩ acn-®-
t∏mƒ hn. Ip¿_m-\-bpsS apºn¬ Iagv∂p hoWv hne-]n®v
At±lw Cßs\ ]m¿∞n-®p. “ssZhsa Rm≥ A-ß-tbmSv
]q¿Æ-ambpw IS-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p. Aßv AXv A¿ln-°p-Ibpw
sNøp-∂p. Fs∂ Aßv Xnc-s™-SpØv hnfn-®-t∏mƒ Rm≥
F√mw Atß-°mbn _en-I-gn-®p. ]Xn-^-e-ambn \qdn-c´n
hmKvZm\w sNbvX ssZhsa Fs‚ AΩ-bpsS Bflm-hns\
amXw F¥p-sIm≠v Aßv \nc- n-®p.” Cßs\ ]d™v Ic-
™-t∏mƒ Hcp kzcw At±lw ihn-®p. “Aev] hnizm-kntb!
\ns‚ AΩ c£n°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. Fs‚ apºn¬ \ns‚
]m¿∞\ FX-b-[nIw hne-s∏- -h-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sht∂m! \ns‚
AΩ-bv°p-th≠n \o ka¿∏n® ]m¿∞\-Iƒ F√mw Rm≥
H∂n-®p-Iq- n. Fs‚ IcpW Ah-fpsS Ah-km-\sØ aWn-°q-
- 39 - - 40 -
dn¬ Ahsf IcpXn.” Ahƒ acn-®-t∏mƒ Rm≥ Ahsf kao-]n-
°p-Ibpw Ahƒ C]-Imcw Ft∂mSp ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp
“Fs‚ I¿Ømth, Fs‚ ssZh-ta”. “\o ss[cy-am-bn-cn-°p-I.
A[nIw Xma- n-°msX \ns‚ AΩsb ip≤o-I-cW ÿeØp
\n∂pw Rm≥ hnSp-hn-°pw”, tbip shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. A[nIw Xma-
-an-√msX sl¿a≥ tIml\v Xs‚ AΩ kz¿§-Øn-te°v FSp-
°-s∏- -Xmbn Hcp Z¿i-\-Øn-eqsS a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™p.
hn. _nPn-Øm-bpsS ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm--°ƒ°v th≠n-bp≈
]m¿∞\ hfsc ^e-Zm-b-I-amsW∂p ]d-bp-∂p. X߃°p-
th≠n H∂pw sNøp-hm≥ Ign-hn-√mØ \n m-lm-b-cmb Ah¿°p-
th≠n \ap°p ]m¿∞n-°mw. \mw Ah¿°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-®n-
s√-¶n¬ Ah¿ Dt]-£n-°-s∏- -h-cmbn amdpw. \Ωn¬ \n∂pw hf-
sc-b-[nIw ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ ]Xo-£n-°p∂ Chsc \ncm-i-cm-°m-
Xn-cn-°p-I. \ap°v HuZmcyw ]cn-io-en-°m≥ \√ Hcp am¿§-am-Wn-
Xv. kphn-ti-j-Ønse apdn-th‰v ac-Wm-h-ÿ-bn¬ InS∂ a\p-
jys\ ipiq-jn® \√ ka-cn-b-°m-c-s\-t∏mse ip≤o-I-c-Wm-
flm-°sf \ap°v ]m¿∞-\-hgn klm-bn°mw. ChnsS apdn-th‰
B a\p-jy≥ hgn-bm-X-°msc amXw Bi-bn®v AhnsS InS-
°p-∂p. Pohn-X-bm-X-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ \mw \ΩpsS
]m¿∞-\-I-fm-Ip∂ ipiqjIƒ hgn ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°sf
AhnsS \n∂pw c£n-°p-hm≥ km[n-°pw.
`qan-bn¬ \ap°p e`n-°p∂ kl-\-ßsf kt¥m-j-tØm-
Sp-IqSn kzoI-cn®v ssZh-Øn\v ka¿∏n-°p-∂Xp hgn e`n-°p∂
\∑-I--sf-°p-dn®v acnb Hc-\p- -h-Øn-eqsS Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p-
∂p. 1954˛¬ Xs‚ Kma-Øn-\-Sp-Øp≈ Hcp Kma-Øn¬ At\Iw
]IrXn Zpc-¥-߃ D≠m-bn. ]s£ hfsc A¤p-I-camw hn[w
Ah B KmasØ \in-∏n-°msX s]s´∂p \ne-®p. GXm≠v
ap∏-tXmfw h¿j-ß-fmbn tcmKm-h-ÿ-bnepw, th≠-hn[w ipiq-
j-Iƒ e`n-°m-sXbpw InS∂ Kma-hm-kn-bmb kvXo At∏mƒ
acn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Chƒ C°m-e-a-Xbpw Xs‚ tcmK-]o-V-
Iƒ aqe-ap-≠mb kl-\-߃ Xs‚ Kma-Øn-\p-th≠n ImgvN
hbv°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-fpsS Cu ka¿∏-W-Øns‚ \µn-bmbn
B KmasØ henb ]IrXn Zpc-¥-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw, \mi-\-jvS-
ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ssZhw Hgn-hm-°n-b-Xmbn a‰p Nne ip≤o-I-
cWmflm-°ƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. Ahƒ kl-\-ß-sf√mw £a-tbm-
Sp-IqSn kln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Btcm-Ky-
h-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ B KmasØ c£n-°p-hm≥ Ahƒ°v
km≤y-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂v acnb Iq´n-t®¿Øp. £a-tbmSp
IqSn kl-\-߃ ImgvN hbv°p-tºmƒ ]m¿∞-\-h-gn-bmbn
t\Sp-∂-Xnt\°mƒ IqSpX¬ Bflm-°sf c£n-°m-sa∂v acnb
]d-bp-∂p. ]m¿∞n-®p-sIm≠v kln-°p-tºmƒ Cu ]m¿∞-\-
Iƒ kl-\-ßsf AXnPohn-°m≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°pw. kl-
\sØ Hcn-°epw Hcp in£-bmbn Icp-Xm-Xn-cn-°p-I. \ΩpsS
]mb-›nØ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ \ap-°p-th≠n amX-a√, a‰p-≈-
h¿°pth≠nbpw kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Spw. ta¬ hnh-cn® A\p- hw
CXn\v Hcp \√ DZm-l-c-W-am-W-t√m. \n-j-vI-f-¶-\mb Cutim
Xs‚ kl-\-ß-fneqsS \ΩpsS ]m]-߃°p th≠n ]mb-
›nØw sNbvX-Xpt]m-se-bmIpw CXv. £a-tbmsS Cutim-bpsS
]oVm-k-l-\-ß-tfmSp IqSn \ΩpsS kl-\-߃ tN¿Øp-h®v
\mw kln-°p-tºmƒ \ap°v e`n-°p∂ \n[n-I-sf-°p-dn®v kz¿§-
Øn¬ FØn-t®-cp-tºmƒ amXta \ap°v a\- n-em-hp-I-bp-≈p.
Bflm-°ƒ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv ssZh-tØmSv Hcp
FXn¿∏pw IqSm-sX-bmWv kl-\-߃ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-sX-∂pw, Cu
ip≤o-I-cWw Ah¿°v AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-sW∂v Ah¿ a\-
n-em-°p-∂-Xmbpw acn-b°v Adnhv e`n-®n- p-≠v.
ac-W-k-a-bØv A\p-Xm-]-Øn-s‚bpw ]›m-Øm-]-Øn-
- 41 - - 42 -
s‚bpw ]m[m-\y-sØ°p-dn®v acnb Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p. Ipº-km-
c-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]m]w £an-°-s∏-Sp∂p, F¶nepw AXp-aq-e-ap-≠m-
Ip∂ ^e-߃ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. AXm-bXv ac-W-tijw t\sc
kz¿§-Øn¬ FØ-W-sa-¶n¬ Cu ka-bØv ]q¿Æ Zfi-hn-tam-
N\w (Indulgence) e`n-®n-cn-°-Ww. Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ FØn-t®-
c-W-sa-¶n¬ Bflmhv CXn¬ \ns∂√mw ]q¿Æ-ambn hnSp-X¬
]m]-n®ncn°Ww. tami-amb PohnXw \bn® Hcp kvXosb-∏‰n
Ah-fpsS ac-W-tijap≈ Ahÿ-sb-°p-dn®v ]m¿∞n®p a\-
n-em-°n-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ Ah-fpsS _‘p-°ƒ acn-b-tbmSv
A`y¿∞n-®p. sSbn-\n¬ \n∂v hoWmWv Ahƒ ac-W-s∏- -Xv. \c-
I-Øn¬ \n∂pw Ahƒ c£-∏- -Xmbn Hcp Bflmhv acn-b°v ]d-
™psImSpØp. CXn\v Ahsf klm-bn-®Xv ac-W-k-a-bØv Ah-
ƒ°p≠mb Bg-amb ]›mØm]am-bn-cp-∂p. ac-W-k-a-bØv
Ahƒ Cßs\ ]d-™p. “Ct∏mƒ Fs‚ Pohs\ Xncn-sI-sb-Sp-
°p-∂Xv G‰hpw \√ Imcy-am-Wv, ImcWw CXp aqe-sa-¶nepw
ssZh-ta, Aßsb thZ--\n-∏n-°m-sXbpw hrW-s∏-Sp-Øm-sXbpw
Ccn-°p-hm≥ F\n°p km[n-°p-at√m”. Cu G‰p-]-d-®n¬ Ah-
fpsS \nc-h-[n-bmb ]m]-߃ XpS-®p-am-‰-s∏-Sp-hm≥ Imc-W-am-bn.
ac-W-k-a-bØv Ahƒ°p-≠mb Bg-amb A\p-Xm-]-hpw, ssZh-
ap-ºmsI ]I-Sn-∏n® Ffn-a-s∏-Sepw \nXy-\-c-I-Øn¬ \n∂pw ip≤o-
I-c-W-ÿ-eØv Ahsf FØn-®p.
Pohn-X-Im-eØv ]m]m-h-ÿ-bn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ Hcp Bflm-
hn\v ac-W-k-abØv ssZh-Øn-te-°p-Xn-cn-bp-hm≥ Ah-kcw e`n-
°p-sa∂v acnb ]d-bp∂p. hfsc Npcp-ßnb Hcp kabw (Hcp
]t£ GXm\pw an\n-‰p-Iƒ) CXn-\mbn A\p-h-Zn-°-s∏-t -°pw.
Cu ka-bØv \mw \bn® Pohn-XsØ Hcp kn\na ImWp-∂Xp
t]mse ImWp-hm≥ Ign-bpw. At∏mƒ ]m]-ß-sf-°p-dn-t®m¿Øv
A\pX-]n®v ssZhsØ kzoI-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ c£-s∏Sp-hm≥
Ign-bpw. Cß-s\-bp≈ ka-bØv ssZh-Øn-te°v Xncn-bp-hm≥
Hcp ]Xymi e`ns®¶n¬ amXta CXp km[y-am-hp-I-bp-≈p. Hcp
hy‡nsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ac-W-k-a-bw -FXamXw ]m[m-
\y-ap-≈-Xm-sW∂v CXn¬ \n∂pw Duln-°mw. “\∑ \nd™ adn-
bta” F∂p≈ ]m¿∞-\-bpsS Ah-km\ mKØv “]m]n-I-fmb
R߃°p-th≠n Ct∏mgpw Rß-fpsS ac-W-k-a-bØpw ssZhw
Xºp-cm-t\mSv At]-£n-®p-sIm-t≈-Wta” F∂v Xncp-k` tN¿Øp-
h-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w CXn¬ \n∂pw hy‡-am-W-t√m.
\nXy-Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v HgnsI _m°n-bp≈ k`m-]-T-\-
߃ Hs° hniz-kn-®n-cp∂ Hcm-sf-∏‰n acnb Cßs\ ]d-bp-
∂p. At±lw Hcp Znhkw Kpcp-X-c-amb tcmK-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn,
kpt_m[w \jvS-s∏´p. Hcp t_m¿Uv ÿm]n-®n-cn-°p∂ apdn-bn¬
InS-°p-∂-Xm-bn´v At±l-Øn\v tXm∂n. Cu t_m¿Un¬ Xm≥
sNbvX \∑ ]hr-Øn-I-fpw, Xn∑ ]hr-Øn-Ifpw sXfn™p hcp-
hm≥ XpS-ßn. XpS¿∂v Cu apdnbpw, t_m¿Upw A]-Xy-£-am-b-
Xmbn Abmƒ°p a\- n-em-bn. AXn-\p-tijw at\m-l-c-amb Hcp
ÿew I≠ Abmƒ t_m[w XncnsI e`n-®-t∏mƒ PohnX coXn
Xs∂ am‰p-hm≥ Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
ac-W-k-a-bØv Xs‚ Pohn-Xm-h-ÿsb°pdn®pw XpS¿∂v
A\p- -hn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ kl-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw ssZhw Adnhp
\¬Ip-∂-Xmbn acnb ]d-bp∂p. ]t£ F√m-h¿°pw Htc Af-
hn-ep≈ shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-em-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√ \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Hmtcm-
cp-Øcpw \bn® PohnX coXnsb Bi-bn-®m-bn-cn°pw Cu shfn-
s∏-Sp-Ø-ens‚ Bghpw Af-hpw. \-ΩpsS ac-W-k-a-bØv
kmØm≥ \sΩ BI-an-°p-tºmƒ AXn\v ssZhw A\p-aXn
\¬Ip-∂-Xmbn acnb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. ]t£ CtXm-sSm∏w
Ahs\ FXn¿°p-hm\pw, B´n-tbm-Sn-°phm-\p-ap≈ Ir]bpw
ssZhw \ap°v \¬In-bn- p-≠-t√m. ac-W-k-a-bØv Hcp hy‡n°v
- 43 - - 44 -
Cu Ir] D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ kzmX¥y-ap-≠v. AXp th≠ hn[-
Øn¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂v amXw. acn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßp-I-bmWv
F∂ Adnhp e`n-®m¬ Xs∂ ]q¿Æ-ambn ssZh-Øn\v hn´p-
sIm-SpØv Xs‚ kl-\-߃ F√mw ssZh-Øn\v ImgvN-sh-®p-
sIm≠v ssZh-Øn¬ ]q¿Æ-ambn B\-µn-°p-I. CØcw Hcp
Hcp-°-amWv ac-W-k-a-bØv \ap°v Bh-iy-am-b-Xv. acn-°p-hm≥
InS-°p∂ Hcp hy‡n°v th≠n \ap°v sNøm-hp∂ ][m-\-
amb Imcyw Abmƒ°p th≠n ITn-\-ambn ]m¿∞n-°p-I, F∂p-
≈-Xm-Wv. ]n∂oSv B hy‡n-bpsS Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v Xpd-∂p-
]-d™v sImSpØv acn-°p-hm-\mbn Abm-sf Hcp-°p-I.
Hcp hnip-≤t\m hnip-≤tbm BIp-hm-\mbn BK-ln-°p-
∂-h-tcm-Smbn acnb ]d-bp-∂Xv Al-¶mcw shSn™v Ffn-a-bn¬
Pohn-°pI F∂Xm-Wv. kmØm≥ Hcp-°p∂ G‰hpw hen-b-
sIWn- Al-¶m-c-am-Wv.
ac-Wm-\-¥cw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv ip≤o-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-
bm-°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw qan-bn¬ sh®v Xs‚ ip≤o-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-
bm-°p-hm-\p≈ A\p-hm-Z-Øn-\mbn ssZh-tØmSv bmNn-°m-sa∂v
acnb ]d-bp-∂p. CtX-°p-dn®v Hcp A\p- -h-Øn-eqsS acnb hni-
Zo-I-cn--°p-∂p. £b-tcmKw _m-[n-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂v Hcp sshZo-
I\pw, Hcp sNdp-∏-°mcn kvXobpw Bip-]-Xn-bn¬ ]th-in∏n-
°-s∏- p. qan-bn¬ sh®v Xs∂ kl-\-߃ kzoI-cn®v ip≤o-I-
cWw ]q¿Øn-bm°n t\sc kz¿§-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cp-∂-Xn-\p-
th≠n ssZh-tØmSv ]m¿∞n°mw F∂v Cu kvXo, sshZo-I-
t\mSv ]d™p. CXv tNmZn-°m≥ Xm≥ ss[cy-s∏-Sp-∂n-s√∂v
sshZo-I≥ adp-]Sn \¬In. Ch-cpsS kw`m-jWw Hcp I\ymkvXo
ihn-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂p. BZyw kvXobpw XpS¿∂v sshZo-I\pw
acn-®p. ac-Wm-\-¥cw sshZo-I≥ I\ym-kvXo°v Z¿i\w \¬In
Cßs\ ]d-™p. “acn-®p-t]mb B kvXo ssZh-tØmSv tNmZn®
hnj-b-sØ-°p-dn®v Ahƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ hnizmkw F\n-°p-
≠m-bn-cp-∂psh-¶n¬ Rm\pw t\sc kz¿§-Øn-te°v t]mIp-am-
bn-cp-∂p.”
ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Øpff hnhn[ Xc-Øn-ep≈ ]oV-I-
sf-°p-dn®v acnb Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p. Hmtcm hy‡n°pw Hmtcm
Xc-Øn-ep≈ kl-\-ß-fmWv AhnsS A\p -h-n-t°-≠-Xv. AXn¬
Xs∂ hyXyÿ Af-hp-Iƒ D≠v. temI-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ F√m
Imcy-ßfpw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ Adn-bp-∂n-s√-¶nepw [mcmfw
Imcy-߃ Ah¿ Adn-bp-∂-Xmbn acn-b°p a\- n-em-°p-hm≥
Ign-™p. temI-Øn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw kw -hn-°m≥ t]mIp-∂-
Xn\p apºmbn Chcn¬ Nne¿ Ahy-‡-amb Nne shfn-s∏-Sp-
Ø-ep-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xmbn acnb ]dbp-∂p. \nß-fpsS apºn¬
Ft¥m ]Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn Cu ka-bØv Ah¿ shfn-s∏-Sp-
Øm-dp-≠v. Bfp-I-fpsS am\- m-¥-c-Øn\v Bh-iy-am-bh amX-
amWv Ah¿ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm-dp-≈-Xv.
Hcn-°¬ acnb Xs∂ kµ¿in® Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-
hn-t\mSv as‰mcp Bflm-hns‚ Ah-ÿ-sb-∏‰n tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ
CtX-°p-dn®v Ah¿°v hnh-c-߃ \¬Ip-∂Xv ]cn-ip≤ AΩ-
bm-sW∂v ]d-™p. ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv anJm-tb¬ amemJ
Dƒs∏sS a‰p amem-J-amcpw hcm-dp-≠v. AXp-t]mse ip≤o-I-
cWmflm-hns‚ Imh¬amem-Jbpw AhnsS D≠m-Ipw. Ah-c-h-
cpsS Imh¬am-em-Jam¿ Ahsc Biz-kn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS
thZ-\-Iƒ ian-∏n-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. ip≤o-I-c-
Wm-flm-°ƒ°v Ahsc ImWp-hm≥ Ign-bpw.
ssZhsØ a\- n-em-°p-hm≥ Hcp PohnXw t]mcm F∂v
tNmZn-°p-∂-h-tcm-Smbn acnb Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p. F√m a\p-
jy¿°pw Ah-cpsS a\x- m£n shfn-s∏-SpØn sImSp-°p-∂-X-
\p-k-cn®v \∑bpw Xn∑bpw Xncn-®-dn-bphm≥ km[n°pw. CtX-
- 45 - - 46 -
∏-‰n-bp≈ Dƒ°mgvN ssZhw F√m-h¿°pw \¬In-bn- p-≠v.
Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw CXns‚ Af-hn¬ hyXymkw Ds≠∂v amXw.
CXv th≠-hn[w D]-tbm-Kn®v A\p-Klw ]m]n-°p-hm≥ Ign-
bpw. Bfl-lXy sNbvX Bflm-°ƒ°p th≠nbpw ]tXyIw
]m¿∞n-°-Ww, ImcWw Ahcpw ac-W-tØmSv a√-Sn-°p-tºmƒ
]›m-Ø-]n-°p-∂-Xmbn Adnhp e`n-®n- p-≠v. Ah-cpsS PohnXw
sh´n-®p-cp-°msX Pohn-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬, a‰p-≈-h¿°p th≠n
Ah¿°p sNbvXp sImSp-°p-hm≥ km[n-°m-ambncp∂ klm-
b-ß-sf-°p-dn®v a\- n-em-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿ IqSp-X¬ ZpxJw A\p-
-hn-°p-∂p. Bfl-lXym]h-WX Nnet∏msgms° tcmK-Im-c-W-
ß-fm¬ BbXn\m¬ ssZhw AXv ]cn-K-Wn-t®-°mw.
ico-c-Ønepw, a\- nepw kl-\-߃ D≠m-Ip-tºmƒ AXv
X\n°v Xosc kln-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-I-bn√ F∂v a\- n-em-°p-
tºmƒ Chsb Rm≥ Bflm-°-fpsS c£-°mbn ImgvN-sh-
bv°p∂p F∂p ]d™p ssZh-tØmSp ]m¿∞n-°p-I. At∏mƒ
AXv kln-°p-hm-\p≈ hnizm-khpw ss[cyhpw i‡nbpw
ssZhw \¬Ipw. ]s£ C°m-eØv Cßs\ Bcpw sNøm-dns√∂v
acnb ]d-bp-∂p. Cßs\ sNøp∂ Bfn\v IqSp-X¬ B\µw
e`n-°p-∂p. kz¿§-Øn¬ At\Imbncw Xc-Øn-ep≈ kt¥m-
jm-h-ÿ-Iƒ D≠v (Fs‚ cmPy-Øn¬ At\Iw hmk-ÿ-e-
߃ D≈-Xmbn hN-\-ØneqsS Cutim ]d--bp-∂p-≠-t√m). Ch
Hmtcm-∂n\pw AXn-t‚-Xmb ]q¿Æ-Xbpw k -eo-I-c-W-hp-ap-≠v.
kz¿§-Øn¬ FØnb Bflm-°ƒ°v X\n°v A¿l-X-s∏´
kt¥m-jm-hÿ e`n-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂ t_m≤yhpw, AXn¬
Ah¿ ]q¿Æ-ambn B\-µn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
kz¿§-Øn-se-Øm≥ \ap°v Fs¥ms° Bh-iy-amtWm
AXv G‰hpw IqSp-X-embn e`n-°p-∂Xv ItØm-en°mk -bn-
eqsSbmWv F∂v acnb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. CSp-ßnb Nn¥m-K-
Xn-Iƒ sh®p ]pe¿Øp∂ H‰-s∏´ Nne k -Iƒ ZpjvSX \nd-
™-Xpw, sX‰p-Ifpw Xn∑-Ifpw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h-cp-amWv.
AXn¬s∏- -hsc tamNn-∏n-t°-≠Xv Bh-iy-am-sW∂pw Ah¿
Iq´n-t®¿Øp.
ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv [mcmfw sshZo-Isc I≠-Xmbn
acnb ]dbp∂p. hn. Ip¿_m-\-tbmSv BZ-chpw _lp-am-\hpw
]Z¿in-∏n-°m-Ø-h-cmWv Ch¿. ]m¿∞-\-°p-dhp aqew
hnizmkw £bn-®-Xp-aq-e-amWv Ch¿ ChnsS FØn-b-Xv. F∂m¬
At\Iw sshZo-I¿ t\sc kz¿§-Øn-te°v t]mb-Xmbpw acnb
]d-bp-∂p. Cutim A`n-e-jn°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ Hcp sshZo-I≥
FØn-t®-c-W-sa-¶n¬ Ah¿ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-t\mSv hfsc IqSp-
X¬ ]m¿∞n°p∂-hcpw, P]-ame Znh-khpw sNm√p-∂-h-cp-am-
bn-cn-°-Ww.
Ip´n-Iƒ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv D≈-Xmbpw Ah-cpsS
ip≤o-I-cWw AX-b-[nIw ssZ¿Lyhpw thZ-\bpw C√m-Ø-Xp-
am-sW∂v ]-d-bp-∂p. CXn\p ImcWw Ah¿ Btem-N-\-°p-d-hp-
≈-h-cm-bXp sIm≠m-Wv. Hcn-°¬ acn-bsb \mep hb- p≈
Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv kµ¿in-®p. Cc- -s]¨Ip- n-I-fn¬ Cf-
b- Ip- n-bm-bn-cp∂p Ahƒ. c≠p-t]¿°pw Ah-cpsS amXm-]n-
Xm-°ƒ Hmtcm ]mh InkvXp-a- n\v kΩm-\-ambn \¬In-bn-cp-
∂p. Cfb Ip´n-bpsS ]mh s]m´n-t∏m-b-t∏mƒ aqØ-hƒ Adn-
bmsX A-h-fpsS ]mh-bpsS ÿeØv s]m´n-t∏mb ]mh FSp-
Øp-sh-®p. \√ ]mh Ahƒ FSp-Øp. aqØ-Ip- n°v CXv hf-sc-
b-[nIw hnjaw D≠m-°p-sa∂v hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°n-
s°m≠p Xs∂-bmWv Ahƒ Aßs\ sNbvX-Xv. CXv A\o-
Xnbpw tamj-W-hp-am-sW∂pw Ahƒ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn
]d-™p. t_m[-]q¿∆w sNbvX Cu ]hrØn aqe-amWv Ahƒ
ip≤o-I-cWw A\p- -hn-t°≠n h∂-Xv. teme-amb a\x-km-£n-
- 47 - - 48 -
bpsS DS-a-I-fmWv Ip´n-Iƒ F¶n¬t]mepw I≈-Øcw ImWn-
°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw, AØcw sX‰mb Nn¥-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Ah¿
t]mcmSn ]n∑m-td-≠-Xm-Wv. CXn-\mbn amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Ah-cpsS
Ip´n-I-fpsS a\x-km-£nsb \√-coXn-bn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ klm-
bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. \√ amXrI ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bpw, ]m¿∞\
hgn-bmbpw CXp km[n-°pw. Ip´n-Isf A\p-K-ln-°p-Ibpw,
ssZhhgn-Iƒ Ahsc A`y-kn∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøWw.
kzh¿§-t`m-Kn-Iƒ ip≤o-I-cWÿeØv hf-sc-b-[nIw
IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn acnb ]d-bp-∂p. ImcWw CXv Xn∑-bn¬ \n∂p-
am-Wt√m IS∂p hcp-∂-Xv. Ah¿°p-th≠n IqSp-X-embn ]m¿∞n-
°p-I. Xn∑-s°-Xnsc ]S-s]m-cp-Xp∂ anJm-tb¬ amem-J-tbmSv
CXn¬ \n∂pw ]n¥n-cn-bm-\p≈ i‡n e`n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ IqSp-
X¬ ]m¿∞nt°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXp t]mse Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ
ab-°p-a-cp-∂n\v ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp∂ Bflm-°-sfbpw ip≤o-I-c-W-
ÿ-eØp I≠-Xmbn acnb ]d-bp-∂p.
ssZhsØ F\n°v Bh-iy-an√ F∂ Nn¥ Hcp hy‡n-
bpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ h∂p Ign-bp-tºmƒ Bflmhv \mi-Øn-te-
°m-bn-cn°pw \oßp-∂-Xv. Cß-s\-bp-≈-h¿ \nXy-\-c-I-Øn-te-°m-
bn-cn°pw bmX -sNøp-∂-Xv. ssZhw Bscbpw \c-I-Øn-te°v
X≈n hnSm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂n√, adn®v Xs‚ IcpW kzoI-cn-°p-
hm-\mWv BK-ln-°p-∂-Xv. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\-Xn-cmb ]m]-߃
sNøp-tºmƒ ]q¿Æ Adn-thmsS \mw ssZh-I-cp-Wsb \nc- n-
°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. Cßs\ \jvS-s∏-Sp-hm≥ km≤y-X-bp≈
Bflm-°ƒ°p th≠n \mw ]tXyIw ]m¿∞n-t°-≠-Xm-bp-≠v.
CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Hcp A\p- hw acnb hnh-cn-°p-∂p.
Hcn-°¬ acnb Hcp sSbn≥ bmX-bn¬ Hcmsf ]cn-N-b-
s∏´p. ssZh-sØ-bpw, k -sb-bpw, sshZo-I-sc-bp-sams° Zpjn®v
Cbmƒ kwkm-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. CXn\v \n߃°v A[n-Im-c-
an-s√-∂pw, sX‰m-sW∂pw acnb ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp. sdbn¬th
tÃj-\n¬ Cd-ßn-b-t∏mƒ Cu hy‡n-bpsS Bflmhv \in®p
t]mI-cptX F∂v acnb ]m¿∞n-®p. h¿j-߃°p tijw Ct±-
l-Øns‚ Bflmhv acn-b°v Z¿i\w \¬In Cßs\ ]d™p.
Xm≥ \c-I-Øn\v hf-sc-b-SpØv FØn-bn-cp-s∂-∂pw, \nß-fpsS
B sNdnb ]m¿∞\ aqe-amWv c£-s∏ v ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv
FØn-b-sX∂pw Adn-bn-®p. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS \∑-°p-th≠n Hcp
sNdnb Nn¥tbm, lrZ-b-Øn¬ Hcp BK-ltam, Hcp sNdnb
]m¿∞-\tbm, \c-I-Øn¬ ]Xn-°m≥ km≤y-X-bp-≈-hsc klm-
bn-°p-sa∂v CXn¬ \n∂pw Kln-°m-a-t√m. acWka-bØv
ssZhsØ th≠ F∂p ]d-bm-Xn-cn-°p-hm≥ B hy‡n°v Ch
klm-b-I-am-Ipw. Hcn-°¬ acn-b-tbmSv Xm≥ Hcn-°epw kz¿§-
Øn¬ t]mIp-hm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂n√ F∂v Hcmƒ ]d-™p.
ssZhw A\oXn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂h-\mWv F∂p≈-XmWv AXns‚
Imc-W-ambn Abmƒ ]d-™Xv. AXn-\m¬ ac-Wm-¥cw Xm≥
Hcn-°epw ssZhsØ ImWp-hm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂n-s√∂pw Hcp
tImSmen D]-tbm-Kn®v ssZhsØ sIm√p-hm-\mWv Xs‚ BK-
l-sa∂pw Abmƒ ]d-™p. F√m-h¿°pw C—m-i-‡nbpw hnth-
N-\-Øn-\p≈ Ignhpw ssZhw \¬In-bn- p-≠v. CXv ]q¿Æ kzmX-
¥y-tØmSp IqSn D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\mWv ssZhw BK-ln-°p-∂-Xv.
CXn¬ Hcn-°epw ssZhw CS-s]-Sm-dn-√. ]m]m-h-ÿ-bn¬ Pohn-
®n-cp∂ Bfn\v ac-W-k-a-bØp t]mepw am\-km-¥-c-Øn\v ssZhw
Ah-k-chpw Ir]bpw \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. Bflm¿∞-ambn At∏mƒ
£a-°p-th≠n bmNn-°p-tºmƒ hy‡n c£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. [\-
hm≥ ssZh-cm-Py-Øn¬ IS-°p-∂-Xn\v Hcp _p≤n-ap- p-an-√. \∑-
]-hr-Øn-Ifpw HuZm-cy-]-hrØnIfpw BXp-c-tk-h-\hpw hgn-
bmbn bYm¿∞ kvt\lw ]cn-io-en-°p-∂Xp hgn ]mh-s∏- -
hsc t]mse Ah¿°pw kz¿§-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cmw.
- 49 - - 50 -
HuPm t_m¿Up-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®pw AXp t]mse-bp≈
a‰p am¿§-ßfn¬ IqSn acn® Bflm-°sf hnfn®p hcp-Øp-∂Xv
sX‰m-Wv. CXv ss]im-Nn-I-am-Wv. AXn¬ IqSn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv
]nim-Nm-Wv. adn®v \Ωƒ £Wn-°msX Xs∂ Bflm-°ƒ \sΩ
kao-]n-®m¬ Ahsc \n›-b-ambpw ]m¿∞-\-bneqsS \mw klm-
bn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. AXp-t]mse acn-®-h¿°pth≠n Ah¿ Bh-
iy-s∏- n-s√-¶n¬ t]mepw \mw ]m¿∞n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.
ssZhw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Nne Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬
kmØm\pw ]h¿Øn-°pw. AXv Ah≥ A\p-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.
i_vZ-Øn-eq-sSbpw acn-®-h¿ Z¿i\w \¬Ip-∂-Xp-t]m-se-bp-
sa√mw Ah\v A\p-I-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw. kuJy-߃ t]mepw
Ah≥ \¬Im-dp-≠v. ]s£ AXv \ne-\n¬°p-I-bn√ F∂p amXw.
Hcn-°¬ acn-b-bpsS ]°¬ Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv F∂-Xp-
t]mse Hcp Bflmhv h∂v Cßs\ ]d-™p. “Fs‚ ]n∂mse
Hcp Bflmhv hcpw AXns\ kzoI-cn-°p-I-tbm, ]d-bp-∂Xv A\p-
k-cn-°p-Itbm sNø-cpXv. AXv ]d-bp-∂Xv A\p-k-cn-®m¬ \o
hfsc IqSp-X¬ kln-t°-≠-Xmbn hcpw. \n\°v AXp Xmßm≥
km[n-°p-I-bn√”. CXv Hcp ZpjvSm-cq-]n-bm-sW∂v kwibw
tXm∂nb acnb \o ZpjvSm-cq-]n-bm-sW-¶n¬ hn v t]mIpI F∂v
B⁄m-]n®p. s]s´∂v Hcp henb Ic-®n-temsS B ZpjvSm-
cq]n ÿew hn´p. Aev]w Ign-™-t∏mƒ Xs‚ klmbw
bYm¿∞-ambn Bh-iy-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv
hcn-Ibpw th≠ klmbw sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ZpjvSm-cq-]n-
Isf B´n-∏m-bn-°m≥ hnip-≤-Pew hfsc e-]-Z-am-Wv F∂v
Ah¿ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
acnb P¿a-\n-bn-epw, HmkvSn-b-bnepw amX-a√ bqtdm-∏n¬
apgp-h\pw ]kn-≤-bmWv. ]e Bflm-°fpw Xs∂ kµ¿in-®n v
Ah¿ sX‰mb coXn-bn¬ kºm-Zn-®n- p≈ hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ XncnsI
\¬Im\pw B hnhcw Ah-cpsS _‘p-°sf Adn-bn-°m\pw
A`y¿∞n-°m-dp-≠v. CØcw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ acnb \¬Ip-
tºmƒ Ahn-sS-bp≈ Bfp-Iƒ°v Ah-fpsS Akm-[m-c-W-amb
Cu kn≤n-bn¬ t_m≤yw e`n-°p-∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw acnb Adn-bm-
Ø-Xmb Zqc-ÿeßfn-ƒ t]mbn X\n°v A]-cn-Nn-X-cm-b-hsc
I≠v, Bflmhv Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ A\-[n-Ir-X-ambn kºm-Zn®
hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ, ]Ww apX-em-bh AXns‚ bYm¿∞ DS-abv°v
aS-°n-sIm-Sp-°p-hm-\mbn Ah¿ Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. Xm≥ A\-[n-
Ir-X-ambn kºm-Zn® hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ aS°n \¬Ip-∂Xp hgn-bmbn
ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Øp\n∂v X\n°v tamN\w e`n-°p-sa∂v Ah¿
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ÿe-am-sW-¶n¬ AXns‚ hnkvXo¿Æw, ]W-
am-sW-¶n¬ IrXy-amb XpI Ch-sb√mw hfsc ]cn-Nn-X-sb-∂Xp
t]mse acnb Ah¿°v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°m-dp-≠v. CXpaqew acnb
AhnsS hfsc ]kn-≤-bm-Wv.
acn-b-bpsS Cu ]tXyI kn≤n-sbbpw Ahƒ°p e`n®
Z¿i-\-ß-tfbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-I-tfbpw Ah-fpsS _nj∏v
AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. At±-l-tØm-sSm∏w Ah-fpsS CS-hI hnIm-
cnbpw CXns\ ÿnco-I-cn-°p-∂p. CXn\v ][m\ ImcWw ssZh-
im-kvX-]-c-ambn CXn¬ sX‰p-Iƒ H∂pw C√m-Ø-Xp-aq-e-amWv.
X\n°v ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-°-sf-°p-dn®v hf-sc-b-[nIw Adn-hp-Ifpw
t_m≤y-ßfpw e`n-®-Xn-\m¬ Xm≥ sNøp∂ Hcp sNdnb sX‰p-
t]mepw hfsc Kpcp-X-c-ambncn°pw F∂v acnb ]d-bp-∂p. Xm≥
ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th≠n hf-sc-b-[nIw klm-b-߃
]m¿∞-\--I-fn-eq-sSbpw kl-\-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw sNøm-dp-s≠-¶nepw
X\n°pw ip≤o-I-c-W-ap-≠m-Ipw. F¶nepw Xm≥ klm-bn® Bflm-
°ƒ \nXy-X-bn-se-Øm≥ Xs∂ klm-bn-°p-sa∂v acnb
hniz-kn-°p-∂p.
- 51 - - 52 -
Xs‚ ]q¿∆-Ime Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v acnb Cßs\
]dbp∂p. aT-Øn¬ tNcm≥ Xm≥ BK-ln-®ncp-∂p. sNdp-∏-Im-
e-Øp-Xs∂ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-m°-sf-°p-dn®v [mcmfw a\ nem-
°m≥ Ign-™n-´p-≠v. A\m-tcm-Ky-amWv aT-Øn¬ tNcm≥
XS am-b-Xv. CXp-aqew hf-sc-b-[nIw hnj-a-ap-≠mbn. ip≤o-
I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p th≠n Xs‚ PohnXw am‰n-sh-°p-hm-\mbn
ssZhw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-Sp-Øp. ho´nse F´p-a-°-fn¬ Hcp-h-
fm-bn-cp∂ acnb sNdp-∏-Im-eØv Irjn-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ tPmen-
sN-bvXn-cp-∂p. Ccp-]-Øn-b©v hb- p-ap-X¬ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-
°ƒ kµ¿in-°m≥ XpS-ßp-Ibpw Ah¿°p-th≠n PohnXw
am‰n-sh-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 2004, am¿®v amkw, ip≤o-I-c-Wm-
flm-°sf kvt\ln® acnb Cu temI-Øn¬ \n∂pw bmX-bm-
bn.
33333hnip² uÌo-\mbpw
ip²o-I-c-Wm-ßm-¡fpw
]cn-ip≤ tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ hnip-≤-bm°n
]Jym-]n® hn. uÃo\m Xs‚ Ub-dn-°p-dn-∏n-eqsS ip≤o-I-c-
Wm-flm-°-sf-°p-dn®v [mcmfw Imcy-߃ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-
≠v.
Hcn-°¬ knÿ ^uÃo-\mbv°v Xm≥ B¿s°ms°
th≠n ]m¿∞n-°-W-sa∂v a\- n-em°n Xcm-sa∂v Cutim
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. B cmXn Xs‚ Imh¬amemJ h∂v Xs∂
A\p-K-an-°p-hm≥ ^uÃo-\-tbmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p. \nan-j-
߃°Iw A·n\nd™ Hcp ÿeØv ZpcnXw A\p- hn-°p∂
henb Hcp Bflm-°-fpsS Iq´sØ X\n°v ImWn-®p-sIm-SpØp.
^uÃo\m Ah-cpsS Zpcn-X-ß-sf-°p-dn®v tNmZn-®p a\- n-em-°n.
ssZhsØ ImWp-hm\pw ]m]n-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ Ah-cpsS BKlw
]q¿Øn-I-cn-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-XmWv G‰hpw henb thZ-\-bmbn Ah¿
]d-™-Xv. ip≤o-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-bm-sb-¶n¬ amXsa CXp km[n-
°p-I-bp-≈p. ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv ]cnip-≤-I-\y-I-a-dn-bsØ
I≠-Xmbn uÃo\ shfn-∏-Sp-Øn. ‘kap-Z-Xmcw’ F∂mWv Ch¿
]cn-ip≤ AΩsb hnfn-°p-∂Xv. Ahƒ AhnsS h∂v Bflm-
°sf Dt∑j-cm-°p-∂p. A[nI kabw AhnsS \n¬°m≥
Xs‚ Imh¬am-emJ A\p-h-Zn-°m-™-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿ AhnsS
\n∂pw thKw aS-ßn. Cu A\p- hw Ch¿°p-th≠n IqSp-X¬
]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ X\n°v t_m≤yw \¬In-b-Xmbn uÃo\ ]d-
bp-∂p.
Hcn-°¬ ^uÃo-\msb s\hn-tjy-‰mbn Imt°mhv F∂
ÿe-tØ°v Ab-®p. Ahn-sS-sb-Øn-b-t∏mƒ knÿ sl≥Sn
acn-°m-dmbn InS-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ipd®p Znhkw Ign-™-t∏mƒ
Ah-fpsS Bflmhv Xs‚ ASp-°¬ FØn. Ah-fpsS aZ¿
hgnbmbn Ipº-km-c-°m-c-\m-bn-cp∂ sshZo-I-t\mSv Hcp hnip≤
Ip¿∫m-\bpw a‰p ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw X\n-°p-th≠n A¿∏n-°-W-
sa∂v uÃo-\sb ]d™v Gev]n-®p. uÃo\m CXp kΩ-Xn-
s®-¶nepw CXns‚ bmYm¿∞y-sØ-∏‰n kwibw tXm∂n-b-Xn-
\m¬ aZ-dn-t\mSv ]d-™n-√. ASpØ cmXn-bnepw Cu Bflmhv
h∂v CtX Bhiyw D∂-bn-®p. XpS¿∂v aZdn-s\-I≠v hnjbw
[cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw th≠Xv sNøm-sa∂v aZ¿ kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. At∏mƒ uÃo-\m-bpsS a\- n¬ hfsc kam-[m\w
A\p- -h-s∏- p. aq∂mw Znhkw CtX Bflmhv ho≠pw Z¿i\w
\¬In-bn v ^uÃo\m sNbvX k¬]-hr-Øn°v ssZhw ]Xn-
^ew \¬I-s -sb∂v Biw-kn®p aS-ßn.
- 53 - - 54 -
as‰mcp kw`hw ^uÃo\ ]d-bp-∂Xv C]-Im-c-amWv. Hcp
Znhkw uÃo\m ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-te°v B\-bn-°-s∏- p. ]©-
£-X-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb Cutimsb AhnsS I≠p. At∏mƒ Xs‚
Bflm-hns‚ Ahÿ ]q¿Æ-ambn X\n°v shfn-hm-°-s∏-´p.
ssZhw shdp-°p∂ F√m-Im-cy-ßfpw X\n°v a\- n-em-bn. Hcp
sNdnb sX‰n-\p-t]mepw IW°v sImSp-t°-≠-Xm-bp-≠v F∂v
X\n°v t_m≤yw e`n®p. \o Bcm-sW∂v Cutim Ah-tfmSv tNmZn-
®-t∏mƒ Xm≥ Ahn-SpsØ Zmkn-bm-sW∂v Ahƒ adp-]Sn \¬In.
Xm≥ Hcp Znh-k-tØ°v ip≤o-I-c-Wm-·n-bn¬ InS-t°-≠-Xmbn
hcp-sa∂v Cutim Adn-bn-®p. Ahƒ AXn\v Xøm-dm-b-t∏mƒ
Cutim Ahsf XS-™p-sIm≠v Cßs\ ]d-™p. ip≤o-I-c-W-
ÿ-eØv Hcp Znhkw As√-¶n¬ qan-bn¬ Ipd®p kabw, CXn¬
GXmWv \o BK-ln-°p-∂-Xv? c≠n-SØpw kln-°m≥ kΩ-
XamsW∂v ^uÃo\m adp-]Sn \¬In. \o Hcn-S-Øp-k-ln-®m¬
aXn-sb∂pw AXp `qan-bn¬ Xs∂ B°n-Øcm-sa∂pw Cutim
kΩ-Xn-®-Xmbn ^uÃo\m Xs‚ Ub-dn-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-
cn°p∂p.
1934˛ ¬ Xm≥ ]s¶-SpØ Hcp [ym\-Øn¬ Cutim
[mcmfw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ uÃo-\bv°v \¬In. Nne ka-b-
ß-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂ kz`mhw X\n-°p-≈-Xmbn
^uÃo\m ]d-™p. H∂p c≠v hm°p-Iƒ sIm≠v AXv ]q¿Øn-
I-cn-°m-sa-¶nepw Xm≥ IqSp-X¬ kabw CXn-\p-th≠n Nne-h-
gn°mdp≠v. Cßs\ ]mgm-°p∂ ka-b-ß-fn¬ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-
°-fpsS hnSp-X-en-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ sNm√p-hm≥
Cutim Xt∂mSv Bh-iy-s∏- -Xmbn Ahƒ shfns∏SpØn. \ymb-
hn-[n-bpsS ka-bØv Hmtcm hm°pw Xq°n-t\m-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂v
Cutim Ahƒ°v Adnhp \¬In.
`qan-bn¬ sh®v \ap°v e`n-°p∂ G‰hpw hne-s∏´ \n[n-
bmWv kl-\-߃. CXn-eqsS \ΩpsS Bflmhv ip≤o-I-cn-°-
s∏-Sp-∂p. ac-Wm-\-¥cw amXta `qan-bn¬ sh®v \ap°v A\p-
hZn-°-s∏´ kl-\-ß-fpsS aqeyw a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-°p-I-
bp-≈p. Ct∏mƒ `qan-bn¬ e`n-®n-cn-°p∂ Cu Ah-k-c-ßsf
D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.
Hcn-°¬ Nm∏-en¬ Bcm-[-\-bn-en-cp∂psIm≠v Hcp ip≤o-
I-c-Wm-flm-hn-\p-th≠n uÃo\m ]m¿∞n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Nne
ka-bØv \mw GXv Bflm-hn-\p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-∂pthm
Ah¿°p th≠n AXp kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw AXns\
a‰p Nne¿°p-th≠n ssZhw Xncn-®p-hn-Sp∂Xmbpw X\n°p
a\ nem°p-hm≥ Ign-™p. \mw Dt±-in-°p-∂-hsc IqSmsX
a‰p≈ Bflm-°ƒ°p-th-≠nbpw \ΩpsS ]m¿∞-\sb ssZhw
D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xmbn CXn¬ \n∂pw hy‡-am-Ip-∂p.
Hcn-°¬ acn® Hcp k\y-ÿ-bpsS Bflmhv Xs‚ ASp-
°¬ h∂v Hcp Znhkw X\n-°p-th≠n D]-h-kn-°p-Ibpw
]m¿∞n-°pIbpw sNø-W-sa∂v ^uÃo-\-tbmSv At]-£n-
®p.A]-Imcw sNbvX uÃo-\bv°v A\p -h-Øn-eqsS Bflmhv
A\p -hn-°p∂ thZ\ a\- n-em-bn. ssZhsØ ]m]n-°p-hm\p≈
Bflm-hns‚ Bg-amb Zmlhpw X∂n¬ H∂m-Ip-hm-\p≈ BK-
lhpw uÃo-\mbv°v hy‡-am-bn. Ipd®p ka-b-tØ°p amXta
Cu A\p -hw \o≠p-\n-∂p-≈psh¶nepw ip≤oI-c-Wm-flm-°-fpsS
Xoh-amb CØcw BK-l-sØ-°p-dn®v X\n°v hfsc IqSp-X¬
a\- n-em-°p--hm≥ km[n-®p.
\ΩpsS ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ°p-th≠n ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ
FX-b-[nIw BK-ln-°p∂p F∂Xnte°v shfn®w hoip∂
as‰m-c-\p- hw uÃo\ Cßs\ hnh-cn-°p-∂p. knÿ sUma-
\n°v cmXn Hcp aWn°v acn-®p. Ah-fpsS Bflmhv Xs∂-
bmWv Cu hnhcw uÃo-\msb Adnbn®Xv. ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-
- 55 - - 56 -
eØmWv Bflmhv F∂p a\- nem°nb uÃo-\, knÃ-dn-\p-
th≠n IqSp-X¬ ]m¿∞n-®p. Ah-cpsS \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn®v aq∂p
Zn-h-k-Øn\p ]Icw c≠p Znhkw amXta ]m¿∞n-®p-≈p. \memw
Znhkw Bflmhv ^uÃo-\msb kµ¿in-®n v X\n°v C\nbpw
]m¿∞-\-Iƒ Bh-iy-ap-s≠∂pw A]-Imcw sNø-W-sa∂pw
A`y¿∞n-®p. AXn-\m¬ knÃdns‚ Bflm-hn-\p-th≠n IqSp-
X¬ Znh-k-߃ ]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ Xm≥ Xøm-dm-b-Xmbn uÃo\
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
Hcp Znhkw Hcp kvXobpsS Bflmhv cmXn-bn¬ Xs∂
kµ¿in®n v ]m¿∞\ klmbw Bh-iy-s∏- p. Ipd®p kabw
Ahƒ°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-s®-¶nepw Bflmhv AhnSw hn v t]mbn-
√. At∏mƒ ^uÃo\m a\- n¬ Cßs\ Nn¥n-®p, “\o Hcp
\√ Bflm-hm-sW-¶n¬ Fs∂ kzÿ-ambn hnSp-I. Rm≥ \msf
t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p∂ Zfihntam-N-\-߃ F√mw \n\-°p-th-≠n-bm-
bn-cn-°pw”. s]s´∂v Ah-fpsS Bflmhv aS-ßn-t]m-bn.
^uÃo-\mbv°v Cutim t\cn´p ]Tn-∏n®p sImSpØ ]m¿∞-
\-Ifmb Icp-W-sIm-¥bpw, Icp-W-bpsS s\mth-\bpw hfsc
]kn-≤-am-W-t√m. ac-W-k-a-bØv Hcp hy‡n-°p-th≠n Icp-W-
sIm¥ sNm√p-∂Xv FX-b-[nIw ]tbm-P\w sNøp-sa∂v At\I
A\p- hßfn-eqsS uÃo\m hnh-cn-°p-∂p≠v.
Hcn-°¬ Cutim ac-Wm-h-ÿ-bn-embn-cn-°p-∂-h¿°p-th≠n
Icp-W-sIm¥ sNm√p-hm≥ ^ukv-‰o-\-tbmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p.
s]s´∂v Z¿i-\-Øn-eqsS X\n°v A]-cn-Nn-X-amb Hcp sNdnb
ho´n¬ Hcp ]mb-amb a\p-jy≥ acn-°m≥ InS-°p-∂-Xmbn I≠p.
B hy‡n-bpsS Bflmhv At∏mƒ hfscb[nIw ]oV-Iƒ
kln-°p-∂p≠mbncp-∂p. Abm-fpsS InS-°-bv°-cnsI IpSpw-_mw-
K-ß-tfm-sSm∏w At\Iw ZpjvSm-cq]nIfpw \n¬°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-
∂p. Xm≥ Icp-W-sIm¥ sNm√p-hm≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ ZpjvSm-cq-
]n-Iƒ Xs∂ oj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øn-sIm≠v HmSnt∏mhp-Ibpw Abm-
fpsS Bflmhv im¥-ambn kam-[m-\-Øn¬ acn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Hcp Znhkw Hcp hy‡n°v kpJ-a-cWw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-
th≠n ^uÃo\m ]m¿∞n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. c≠m-gvN-bmbn
Ahƒ ac-W-In-S-°-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Ahƒ°p-th≠n ssZh-tØmSv
Xm≥ Cßs\ ]m¿∞n-®p. “Aß-bpsS al-Xz-Øn-\mbn Rm≥
sNøp∂ tPmen-Iƒ Aßsb ]oXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ps≠¶n¬ Ah-
fpsS Bflm-hns\ aS°n hnfn-°p-I. Ahƒ Aß-bpsS Icp-W-
bn¬ hni-an-°s´”. Cutim Cu ]m¿∞\ A\p-h-Zn-®p. Ipd®p
kabw Ign-™-t∏mƒ Ahƒ acn-®-Xmbn Ahn-sS-\n∂pw Adn-
hp-In- n.
Hcp sNdp-∏-°m-c≥ ac-W-°n-S-°-bn¬ InS∂v Bflm-hn¬
hf-scb[nIw thZ-\-Iƒ kln-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ, Icp-W-
sIm¥ sNm√n ^uÃo\, At±-l-Øn-\p-th≠n ]m¿∞n®p.
F¶nepw At±-l-Øns‚ ]oV-Iƒ XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. At±-
l-Øn\v hfsc IqSp-X¬ ]m¿∞-\bpw, tbip-hns‚ Icp-Wbpw
Bh-iy-ap-s≠∂p a\- n-em-°nb ^uÃo\ Xs‚ apdn-bn¬
t]mbn Xd-bn¬ Iagv∂v InS∂v Icp-W-°mbn ]m¿∞n-®p. s]s´∂v
ssZh-Øns‚ henb cmP-Iob ]uVn-bpw, \oXnbpw Xm≥ A\p-
-hn-®dn-™p. henb b-tØm-Sp-IqSn Xm≥ ho≠pw Icp-W-bv°p-
th≠n ]m¿∞n-®p. Xs‚ hrX-hm-KvZm\w sNbvX ka-bØp e n®
Ipcnipcq]w FSpØv acn-°m≥ InS∂ Bfns‚ s\©n¬ h®v
C]-Imcw ]m¿∞n-®p. “Rm≥ hrX-hm-KvZm\w sNbvX ka-bØv
Aßv Fs∂ kvt\l-tØm-Sp-IqSn Z¿in-®p-h-t√m. AtX Af-hn-
ep≈ kvt\l-Øn¬ Cu hy‡n-bpsS Bflm-hn-s\bpw Z¿in-
t°-W-ta. acW ka-bØv Aß-bpsS Icp-W-bn¬ Bi-bn-
®m¬ sNmcn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Icp-W-bpsS Af-hn-s\-bpw, Ft∂mSp
- 57 - - 58 -
shfn-s∏-Sp-Ønb hmKvZm-\-Øns‚ i‡n-bnepw hniz-kn-®p-sIm≠v
acWw ImØp-In-S-°p∂ Bflm-hns‚ ta¬ IcpW ImWn°-
Wta”. s]s´∂v At±-l-Øns‚ ]oV-Iƒ Ah-km-\n-°p-Ibpw
kam-[m-\-Øn¬ acn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ac-W-k-a-bØv Icp-Wbv-
°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xns‚ ]m[m-\yhpw, Cutim-bpsS
IcpW th≠-hn-[-Øn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰nbpw
CXn¬ \n∂pw t_m≤y-am-Ip-a-t√m. Pohn-®n-cn-°p-tºmgpw acWka-
bØpw ssZh-Øns‚ IcpW Hcp hy‡n°v hf-sc-b-[nIw Bh-
iy-am-Wv. Icp-W-sIm¥ ssZh-tIm-]sØ ian-∏n-°m≥ th≠n-
bp≈ G‰-hpw \√ Hcp ]m¿∞-\-bm-sW∂v uÃo\ shfn-s∏-Sp-
Øp∂p. ssZhw uÃo-\mbv°v Cßs\ ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp. “ac-W-k-a -bØv Bscms° Icp -W-sIm¥ sNm√p -∂pthm
Ah¿s°√mw Fs‚ kwc-£Ww D≠mIpw. acn-°m≥ InS-°p∂
hy‡n-°p-th≠n a‰p-≈-h¿ Icp-W-sIm¥ sNm√n-bm¬ t]mepw
ssZhw Ah-tcmSv £an-°pw. ac-W-In-S-°-bv°-cnsI CXv sNm√p-
tºmƒ ssZh-tIm]w ian-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Fs‚ Bg-amb IcpW
Bflm-hns\ hebw sNøp-Ibpw sNøpw. CXv Fs‚ ]pXs‚
AXn-Zm-cp-W-amb ]oVm-k-l-\sØ ]Xn-bmWv”.
Icp-W-bpsS s\mth-\-bpsS F´m-asØ \ntbmKw ip≤o-I-c-
Wm-flm-°ƒ°pth≠n amX-ambn am‰n-h-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu
s\mth\ ZqxJ-sh-≈n-bmgvN B-cw- n®v ]pXp-Rm-b-dmgvN Ah-km-
\n-°p-∂p. ]pXp-Rm-b-dmgvN ssZh-I-cp-W-bpsS Xncp-\m-fmbn ]cn-
ip≤ tPm¨t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ ]Jym-]n-®n- p-≠-t√m.
ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-sØbpw Bflm-°-sfbpw Ipdn®v shfn-s∏-
Sp-Ø-ep-Iƒ \¬Inb Cutim Hcp Z¿i-\-Øn-eqsS \c-Ihpw
^uÃo-\bv°v ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xmbn Xs‚ Ub-dn-bn¬ tcJ-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ‘Unssh≥ tagvkn C≥ ssa tkmƒ’ F∂
Cw•ojv KŸ-Ønse (Book II)¬ 159 apX¬ 162 hsc-bp≈ t]Pp-
I-fpsS bYm¿∞ X¿÷n-a-bn-eqsS Xmsg CXv hnh-cn-°p-∂p.
“Hcp Znhkw Fs∂ Hcp amemJ \c-I-Øns‚ D≈d-I-fn-
te°v Iq´n-sIm-≠p-t]m-bn. ITn-\-amb thZ-\-I-fp-tSbpw Zfi-\-
ß-fp-sSbpw Hcp ÿe-am-bn-cp-∂p AXv. H∏w AXv hfsc bm-\-
I-hpw, hnkvXr-X-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. H∂m-a-Xmbn ssZhsØ Xo¿Øpw
\jvS-s∏´ Hcp Ahÿ Bflmhv AhnsS A\p- -hn-°p-∂p. c≠m-
a-Xmbn Ahn-sS-bp≈ Bflm-°-fpsS a\x-km-£n-bn¬ Hcn-°epw
Ah-km-\n-°mØ at\m-th-Z\ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp-∂p. Bflm-hns‚
CØcw Ah-ÿbv°v Hcp am‰hpw D≠m-Ip-∂n√ F∂p-≈-XmWv
aq∂m-a-Xm-bp-≈-Xv. \mem-a-Xmbn Bfl-mhns\ C√m-Xm-°msXXs∂
AXns‚ D≈n-te°v A·n Xpf-®p-I-b-dp∂ A\p- -hw, AXm-bXv
`bm-\-Ihpw oI-c-hp-amb t¢ihpw thZ-\bpw. AXn\v ImcWw
AXv ssZh-tIm-]-Øm¬ IØ-s∏´ XnI®pw Bflo-b-amb A·n
Bb-Xn-\m-em-Wv. A©m-asØ Zfi\w A\-kyq-X-amb (Xp-S¿®-
bm-bp-≈) A‘-Im-chpw ITn-\-amb izmkw ap´n-°p∂ Zp¿K-
‘hpw. AhnsS A‘-Im-c-am-sW-¶nepw ]nim-Np-°fpw i]n-°-
s∏- -hcpw Ip‰w Npa-Ø-s∏- -h-cp-amb Bflm-°ƒ°pw XΩn¬
ØΩn¬ ImWp-hm≥ km[n°pw F∂p≈XmWv Ahn-SpsØ
]tXy-I-X. Ah¿ Ah-cpsS Xs∂bpw, Ahn-sS-bp≈ a‰p≈hcp-
sSbpw ZpjvS-X-Ifpw Xn∑-Ifpw ]m]-ßfpw I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
∂p. Bdm-asØ Zfi\w kmØm-\p-am-bp≈ Ah-cpsS \nXy-am-
bp≈ kl-hm-k-am-Wv. ss\cm-iyw, ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ shdp-∏v, \oN-
amb hm°p-Iƒ, ssZh-\n-µ, im]-hm-°p-Iƒ XpS-ßnb Ah-ÿ-
I-fn-eqsS Bflmhv IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. Ggm-asØ Zfi\w Ahn-
sS-bp≈ F√m Bflm-°fpw ta¬ hnh-cn® Ah-ÿ-I-fn-eqsS
IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p F∂p amX-a√, Cu Ahÿ Hcn-°epw Ah-
km-\n-°p-∂n-√ F∂p-≈-Xp-am-Wv. CXn¬ ]tXy-I-ambn Xnc-s™-
Sp-°-s∏´ Bflm-°ƒ°p-th≠n ]tXy-I-amb Zfi-\-߃ Xocp-
am-\n-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. ]t©-µn-b-ß-fpsS ]oV-Ifpw, thZ-\-Ifpw
- 59 - - 60 -
CXn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. GXp-co-Xn-bn-ep≈ ]m]-]-hr-Øn-I-fmtWm
sNbvXXv AXn\ptbmPn® hn[-Øn¬ Hmtcm Bflmhpw oI-cX
\nd-™Xpw hnh-cn-°m≥ ]‰mØ hn[-Øn-ep≈ kl-\-ß-fn-eq-
sSbpw ]oV-I-fn-eq-sSbpw IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂p. ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈
Zfi-\-ßfpw, ]oV-\-ßfpw \nd™ henb Kpl-Ifpw, Ipgn-
Ifpw AhnsS I≠p. Ah Hmtcm-∂n-ep-ap≈ XohthZ-\-Iƒ
H∂n¬ \n∂pw as‰m-∂n-t\-°mƒ hyXy-ÿ-am-Wv. k¿∆-i-‡-\mb
ssZh-Øns‚ k¿∆-i-‡nbpw Fs∂ Xmßn-bn-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Cu
]oVm-k-l-\-ß-fpsS ImgvN-Iƒ Hcp t\m°p-I-≠-t∏mƒ Xs∂
Rm≥ acn®p t]mIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚ Cµo-b-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®p
sNbvXn- p≈ ]m]-߃°v ChnsS FØn-t®-cp∂ Hcp ]m]n ac-
Wm-\¥-c-Po-hn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ Cu ]oV-Iƒ kln-t°-≠n-h-
cp -sa∂v a\- n -em -°n -bn -cn -°-s´. ssZhw B⁄m-]n -
®XpsIm≠mWv Rm≥ Ct∏mƒ I≠sXms° Fgp-Xp-∂-Xv. CXp-
aqew \cIw Fs∂mcp ÿe-an√ F∂p ]d™v Hcm-flm-hn\pw
Hgn-™p-am-dp-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. As√-¶n¬ AhnsS Bcpw
t]mbn- n-s√-t∂m, AXn-\m¬ AXv F]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v ]d-
bp-hm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-s√-t∂m, Fs∂ms° Bcpw ]d-bm-Xn-cn-
°m≥ th≠n-bm-Wn-Xv.
knÿ ^uÃo-\-bmb Rm≥, ssZhw Iev]n-®-X-\p-k-cn®v
\c-I-Øns‚ AKm-[-X-Iƒ kµ¿in-°m≥ CS-bm-Ip-Ibpw , Aß-
s\-sbmcp ÿew bYm¿∞Øn¬ Ds≠-∂pw, AtX-∏‰n Pohn-
®n-cn-°p∂ a\p-jym-flm-°-tfmSv ]d™p a\- n-em-°p-hm\pw IqSn-
bmWv C]-Imcw kw -hn-®-Xv. CXv Fgp-Xp-tºmƒ AtX-∏‰n ]d-
bp-hm≥ km[n-°p-∂n-s√-¶nepw Fgp-Xp-hm≥ ssZhw Ft∂mSv
B⁄m-]n-®p. CXp-aqew ]nim-Np-°ƒ Fs∂ hf-sc-b-[nIw
shdpsØ-¶nepw ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄°v apºn¬ Ah¿°v
Fs∂ A\p-k-cn-t°-≠-Xmbn h∂p. Rm≥ bYm¿∞-ambn I≠
\c-I-Øns‚ Hcp aßnb \ng¬ amX-amWv ChnsS hnh-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. \c-Ihpw CØcw Ah-ÿ-Ifpw C√m-sb∂v hniz-kn-®n-
cp∂ Bflm-°-sf-bmWv hfsc IqSp-X-embn AhnsS ImWp-
hm≥ Ign-™sX∂v F\n°v a\- n-em-bn. Rm≥ aSßnsbØn-
b-t∏mƒ CsXms° I≠-Xp-aq-e-ap-≠mb oXn-bn¬ \n∂pw H´pw
Xs∂ hnap-‡-am-bn- n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Bflm-°ƒ FX-b-[nIw bm-
\-I-amb hn[-Øn¬ AhnsS (\-c-I-Øn¬) kln-°p-Ibpw,
t¢in-°p-Ibpw ]oVn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p!
Cu Z¿i\w I≠-Xns\ XpS¿∂v hfsc IqSp-X¬ Xo£v-W-
ambn ]m]n-I-fpsS am\-km-¥-c-Øn\p th≠n Rm≥ ]m¿∞n-
°m≥ XpS-ßn. Cu hnh-c-W-Øn-eqsS ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-ehpw
\c-Ihpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ th≠n-
am-X-amWv Cu mKw CXn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
44444ip-²o-I-c-Wm-ßm-¡sf kvt\ln¨
Fhp-]m-kn-b-½-bpw, adnbw tXkymbpw
hmgv¯-s¸« Fhp-]m-kn-b-½bpwip²o-I-c-Wm-ßm-¡fpw
ssZh-Øns‚ ]tXyI A\p-a-Xn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Nne ip≤o-I-
c-Wm-flm-°ƒ Xs∂ kµ¿in-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn hmgvØ-s∏´ Fhp-
]m-kn-bΩ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. 1906, Unkw-_¿ amkw c≠pw,
aq∂pw Xoø-Xn-I-fn-embn Nne ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ Xs∂
kµ¿in®p ]m¿∞\m klmbw bmNn-®p. ITn-\-amb thZ\
X߃ A\p- -hn-°p-∂p-sh-∂pw, ssZhsØ ImWp-hm≥ Ign-
bm-Ø-Xn-ep≈ ZpxJw X߃°p kln-°m≥ ]‰p-∂n-s√∂pw
Ah¿ Adn-bn-®p.
- 61 - - 62 -
ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°-fpsS Hm¿Ω BN-cn-°p∂ \hw-_¿ amkw
[mcmfw Bflm-°ƒ Xs∂ kµ¿in-®n-cp-∂-Xmbpw Ah¿°p-th≠n
Xm≥ \nc-¥cw ]m¿∞n-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ ]d-bp-∂p.
]tXy-In®v Xm\p-am-tbm, aT-hp-amtbm _‘-s∏- h¿ acn®p Ign-bp-
tºmƒ Xs∂ kµ¿in-°p-hm≥ ssZhw A\p-aXn \¬In-bn-cp-∂-
Xmbpw Ah¿ ]d-™p. Fhp-]m-kn-b-Ω°v Dd-°-°p-d-hp-≈-Xn-\m¬
cmXn apgp-h≥ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th≠n P]-ame sNm√n
ImgvN-sh-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂v Xt∂m-sSm-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ a‰p
kntÃgvkpw ]d-bp-∂p.
Fhp-]m-kn-b-Ω-tbm-sSm∏w Hcp apdn-bn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ Hcp
knÿ Xs‚ A\p- hw Cßs\ ]¶p-sh-°p-∂p. Xs‚ AΩ acn-®-
Xn\ptijw Hcp Znhkw Fhp-]m-kn-b-Ω-tbm-sSm∏w P]-ame sNm√n-
s°m-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ai-≤-tbmsS Xm≥ shfn-bn-te°v t\m°n-s°m-
≠n-cp-∂p. DSs\ Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ Xs∂ hnfn-®n v Xs‚ acn-®p-t]mb
AΩ, ]m¿∞\m klmbw bmNn-®p-sIm≠v AhnsS \n¬°p-∂-
Xmbn ]d™p. CXp a\- n-em-°nb knÿ `‡ntbmSp-IqSn P]-
ame sNm√p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. CXp-t]mse Xs∂ H√q¿ aT-Øn-ep-
≠mbncp∂ knÿ ssa°nƒ Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ ac-W-tijw
Fhp]mknb-Ω-tbm-sSm∏w P]-ame ]m¿∞-\°v IqSn-bn-´p-≠v.
sIm¥-bpsS Hcp clkyw sNm√n Ign-™-t∏mƒ Fhp-]m-knbΩ-
bn¬ Nne mh-t`Z߃ knÃ-¿ ssa°nƒ i≤n-®p. P]-ame sNm√n
Xo¿∂-Xn-\p-tijw Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ t^mt´m ImWn®p sImSp-°p-
hm≥ Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ Bh-iy-s∏- p. ASpØ Znhkw Ch¿ c≠p
t]cpw tN¿∂v P]-ame sNm√n-b-t∏mƒ Xte∂v kw -hn-®-Xp-t]mse
Nne ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ h∂n-cp-∂p. A°q- -Øn¬ Xs‚ ]nXmhpw
D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xmbn knÿ
ssa°nƒ ]d-bp-∂p.
1932-- ¬ Fhp-]m-kn-b-Ω-tbmSv ASp-∏-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ip™∂
F∂ kvXo, acn®p t]mb Xs‚ ]nXm-hn-\p-th≠n ]m¿∞\m
klmbw tNmZn-®p. ]m¿∞n-®-Xn-\p-tijw, hn.-Ip¿∫m\ IqSmsX
Xs‚ IjvS-]m-Sp-Ifpw sNøp∂ tPmen-I-fp-sa√mw At±-l-Øns‚
Bflm-hn-\p-th≠n ImgvN-sh-°p-hm≥ Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ Bhiys∏´p.
A]-Imcw sNbvX Ip™∂ Ipd®p Ime-Øn-\p-tijw Fhp-]m-
kn-b-Ω-tbmSv Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ AhvkY-sb-°p-dn®v At\z-jn-®-
t∏mƒ adp-]S-n H∂pw ]d-bmsX H∂p aµ-lkn°pI amXw sNbvXp.
CXv Xs‚ ]nXmhv \nXy-X-bn-seØn F∂p≈Xns‚ kqN\ Bbn-
cp∂psh∂v Ahƒ km£y-s∏-Sp-Øn.
Hcn-°¬ knÿ sa‰n¬Um acn-®p-t]mb Xs‚ hey-∏s‚ aI≥
At¥m-Wn-°p-th≠n ]m¿∞\m klmbw A`y¿∞n-®p. At±-l-
Øns‚ Bflm-hn\v F¥p kw`hn®p F∂v Adn-bp-hm-\m-bn-cp∂p
knÃ-dns‚ BK-lw. c≠p-t]cpw tN¿∂v ]≈n-bn-en-cp∂v Cu
hnjbw P]-am-e-bn¬ ka¿∏n®v ]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. Ipd®p
Ign-™-t∏mƒ At¥mWnbpsS Bflmhv ]≈n-bn¬ \n¬°p-∂-Xmbn
Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ I≠p. At±-lsØ I≠ ÿehpw [cn-®n-cp∂
thj-hp-sa√mw Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ IrXy-ambn ]d-™p. At±lw Pohn-
®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ÿnc-ambn \n∂n-cp-∂ ÿehpw hkvX-[m-cW
coXnbpw F√mw IrXy-ambn Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ ]d-™-t∏mƒ knÃ-
dn\p hnizm-k-am-bn. At±lw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Øm-sW∂pw, \o≠
ip≤o-I-c-W-ap-s≠∂pw F-hp-]m-kn-bΩ Adn-bn-®p. A∂p apX-¬
Xt∂m-sSm∏w Cu knÃdpw acn-®p-t]m-b-h¿°pth≠n P]-ame sNm√p-
hm≥ AXohXmev]cyw ]I-Sn∏n®ncp-∂-Xmbn Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ
]dbp∂p.
1906, Unkw-_¿ 26- mw XobXn ta\m-t®cn ]nXm-hn\v Fhp-]m-
kn-bΩ Fgp-Xnb IØn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp-∂p. c≠p Znhkw ASp-
∏n®v Xs‚ apdn-bpsS hmXn-en¬ ap´pw, X´pw, Ic-®nepw tI´p. cmXn
Hcp aWn kabw Xs‚ Xe-bn-W-ta¬ Btcm X´n-b-t∏mƒ Xm≥
t]Sn-®p-t]m-bn. DSs\ Hcm-fns‚ i_vZw tI´p. Xm≥ Cutim-bpsS
_nbm-Snkv BsW∂pw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-tØ°v Xs∂ k¿t∆-iz-
- 63 - - 64 -
c≥ Ab-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂pw ]d-™p. AhnsS ITn-\-th-Z\ A\p- -
hn-°p∂ \nß-fpsS ktlm-Z-cn-bmb, Xs‚ ta¬ I\nhv tXmt∂-W-
sa-sb∂v At]-£n-®p. \n߃ ]m¿∞n-®m¬ Ahn-SpsØ in£-
bpsS Imem-h[n Ipd®p In´p-sa∂pw ]d-™p. ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-
hmZw e`n®Xpaq-e-amWv ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Øp-\n∂pw ChnsS
FØm≥ Ign-™-sX∂pw Xs∂ _‘n-®n-cp∂ XpS¬ ImWn®p -X-
cm-sa∂pw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv ]d-™p. Ah¿ Hcp Nße Xs‚
Iøn¬ sh®p-sIm-Sp-°pbpw At∏mƒ Xs‚ ssIøn¬ s]m≈-e-\p-
-h-s∏- Xmbpw Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ ]d-bp-∂p. Ahn-sS-bp≈ a‰p-≈-h-
tcm-Sp-Iq-Snbpw X\n-°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°-W-sa∂v ]d-bp-hm≥ Gev]n-
®n v Bflmhv A]-Xy-£-bmbn. Cu hnh-c-߃ Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ
Xs‚ tijvT-Øn-b-Ωsb Adn-bn-®p. ASpØ Znhkw tijvT-Øn-
b-Ω-bpsS ap-dn-bn-emWv Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ InS-∂-Xv. ]Xn-hpt]mse ap´pw
X´pw XpS¿∂p. tijvT-Øn-bΩ Ipcn-ip-h-c®v l∂m≥ sh≈w Xfn-
®p-sIm≠v R߃ \n߃°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-∂p-s≠∂v Adn-
bn-®p. Xm≥ ]¥≠p Znhkw Chn-sS-h∂v ]m¿∞\bmNn-°-W-sa-
∂p≈ Iev]\ ssZhØn¬\n∂pw ]cn-ip≤ AΩ-bn¬ \n∂pw e`n®-
Xp-aq-e-amWv Cßs\ hcp-∂-sX∂v Adn-bn-®p. F¥v sX‰n-\mWv ip≤o-
I-cWw A\p- -hn-°p-∂Xv F∂ tijvT-Øn-b-Ω-bpsS tNmZy-Øn\v
Xs‚ AanX kzmX-¥y-Øn\pw ]c-kvt\lw, Zmcn-ZyhrXw F∂n-
hbv°v hncp-≤-amb Xs‚ ]h¿Ø\߃ aqeam-sW∂pw ip-≤o-I-
c-Wm-flmhv adp-]Sn \¬In. IS-a-Iƒ th≠ hn[-Øn¬ sNøm-Xn-cp-
∂Xpw, NneXv kmc-an-s√∂ a´n¬ X≈n-°-f-™Xpw CXn\v Imc-W-
am-bn. \n߃s°¶nepw CXp-t]mse Hcp A_≤w ]‰m-Xn-cn-°m≥
th≠n-bmWv Xm\nXv Adn-bn-°p-∂-sX∂pw Ipd-®p-Imew IqSn ip≤o-
I-c-W-aps≠∂pw Adn-bn-®n v Bflmhv A]-Xy-£-ambn. 24- 05- 1900-
˛¬ H√q¿ aTw ÿm]n-X-am-b-t∏mƒ Aº-g-°m´p \n∂pw-h-∂-h-cn¬
hrX-hm-KvZm\w sNbvXn-cp∂ GI I\ym-kvXo-bm-bn-cp∂p aZ¿ _nbm-
Snkv. Xs‚ PohnX Imew apgph≥ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°pth≠n
]m¿∞n-®n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw, \n߃ Hs° Xs‚ amX-am-sW-¶n¬ F√m
Znh-khpw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ Fhp-
]m-kn-bΩ A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p. H∏w \nXy-c£ t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp
Xpd∏pNo´mWv ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°-tfm-Sp≈ ‡n-sb∂v Fhp-]m-kn-
bΩ \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p.
“acWw hcp-sam-cp-\mƒ
Hm¿°pI a¿Xym \o
IqsS t]mcpw \n≥
PohnX sNbvXn-Ifpw
k¬IrXy-߃ sNøpI \o
Ae-kX IqSmsX”Cu Km\w \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂Xv CXp-X-s∂-bt√?
hmgv -s¸« adnbw tXkymbpwip²o-I-c-Wm-ßm-¡fpw
Fhp-]m-kn-b-Ω-sb-t∏mse hmgvØ-s∏´ adnbw tXkymbpw
ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°sf ]tXyIw kvt\ln-®n-cp-∂p. Xm≥ ImgvN-sh-
®n- p≈ P]-ame ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw, Zfi-hn-tam-N-\-ßfpw ip≤o-I-c-
Wm-flm-°-fpsS in£-bpsS Imem-h[n Ipd-bv°p-hm\pw Ahsc \nXy-
X-bn¬ FØn-°p-hm\pw klm-b-I-am-b-Xmbn hmgvØ-s∏´ adnbw
tXkym shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
Hcn-°¬ Hcp Iym≥k¿ tcmKn acn-°m-dmbn InS-°p-I-bm-sW∂v
a\- n-em-°nb adnbw tXkym At±-lsØ kµ¿in-®p. acn-°m-
dmb hkq-cntcmKn-Isf hf-sc-b-[nIw ]oVn-∏n-®n- p≈ Hcp hy‡n-
bm-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. ac-W-°n-S-°-bnembn-cp∂ At±-lsØ [mcmfw
]nim-Np-°ƒ s]mXn-™n-cp-∂-Xmbn hnip-≤bv°v ImWp-hm≥ Ign-
™p. Ah¿ At±-lsØ Xm≥ sNbvX Zpjv]-hr-Øn-Iƒ ImWn-
®n v A]-l-kn-°p-Ibpw Abm-fn¬ \ncmi P\n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
- 65 - - 66 -
At±-l-Øn-\p-th≠n knÿ P]-ame sNm√pIbpw ‘Cutim’ F∂v
XpS¿®-bmbn ]d-bp-hm≥ t]cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¶nepw
Cutim-bpsS Xncp-\maw G‰p-]-d-bp-hm≥ At±-l-Øn\v Ign-™n-√.
ASpØ Znhkw AhnsS FØnb knÿ At±l-Øns‚ `mcy-
tbmSv ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-esØ Bcp-an-√mØ Bflm-°ƒ°p-th≠n
Hcp hn.-Ip¿_m\ sNm√n-°mtam F∂v tNmZn-°p-Ibpw, AXn\v
Ah¿ kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. XpS¿∂v At±-l-Øns‚ ImXn¬
“Cutim, adn-bw, butkt∏ Cu Bflm-hn\v Iq´m-bn-cn-°-Wta”F∂ P]w ]e-X-hW At±-l-Øns‚ ImXn¬ knÿ sNm√n-sIm-Sp-
°p-Ibpw At±lw a-cn°pIbpw sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv Xncp-Ip-Spw_w
amem-J-amsc Ab-°p-∂-Xmbpw Ah¿ At±-l-Øns‚ Bflm-hns\
c£-bpsS Ihm-S-Øn-te°v Ab-°p-∂-Xmbpw knÃ-dn\v Z¿i-\-ap-
≠mbn.
as‰mcp Znhkw Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv Xs∂ kµ¿in-®n v Ggp-
h¿j-ambn Xm≥ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv IjvS-s∏-Sp-I-bmsW∂pw,
klmbn°phm≥ Bcp-an-s√∂pw, AXn-\m¬ Hcp hn.-Ip¿_m\ sNm√n
ka¿∏n-°-W-sa∂pw At]-£n-®p. Cu hnhcw adnbw tXky Xs‚
Bflob ]nXm-hns\ Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hn.-Ip¿_m-\-tbm-
sSm∏w P]-ame ]m¿∞-\bpw Zfi-hn-tam-N-\-ßfpw knÿ ImgvN-
sh-®p. hn.-Ip¿∫m\ A¿∏n-®-Xns‚ F´mw-Zn-hkw i\n-bmgvN Cu
Bflmhv al-Xz-tØm-Sp-IqSn kz¿§-Øn-te°v t]mIp-∂-Xmbn X\n°v
Z¿i\w e`n-®p.
1905˛ ¬, ac-Wm-k-∂-\mb Hcp hr≤s\ kµ¿in®p adnbw
tXkym ipiq-j-Iƒ \¬In-bn-cp-∂p. Xm≥ \¬Inb Bflob D]-
tZ-i-߃ At±-l-Øn\v kzoIm-cy-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. At±lw acn-°p-∂-
Xns‚ Xte-Zn-hkw knÿ At±-lsØ kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw \√
acWw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n amXm-hn-t\mSv ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. ]q¿Æ-t_m-[-an-√mØ Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cp∂ At±-l-Øns‚
Hcp hiØv ]nim-Np-°fpw adp-h-iØv amem-J-amcpw \n∂n-cp-∂p.
ssZh-Øn¬ ic-W-s∏-Sp-hm\pw ]m]-ß-sf-°p-dn®v A\p-X-]n-°p-hm\pw
amem-J-am¿ D]-tZ-in-®-t∏mƒ, ]nim-Np-°ƒ At±lw sNbvX ]m]-
߃ Htcm-∂mbn ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°phm≥ XpS-ßn. CXp-I≠v \ncm-
i-\mb At±-l-Øn-\p-th≠n knÿ ]m¿∞n-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn.
]nim-Np-°ƒ sXfn-hp-Iƒ \ncØn At±-l-Øns‚ ta¬ Ah-Im-i-
hmZw D∂-bn-®-t∏mƒ amem-J-amcpw hn´n-√. At±lw i\n-bm-gvN-I-
fn¬ Znhy-_-en-bn¬ kw_-‘n-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn Ah¿ Ah-Im-i-s∏- p.
CXp-tI´ ]nim-Np-°ƒ sXfn-hp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v At±lw Cu _en-
I-fn¬ ]s¶-SpØXv ip≤-amb \ntbm-K-tØmsS Bbn-cp-∂n-s√∂pw
Xs‚ k¬t∏-cn\p amX-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw hmZn-®p. Cu kXy-Øns‚
apºn¬ amem-J-am¿ \ni-_vZ-cm-bn. adnbw tXkym Xs‚ Bflob
]nXm-hns\ hcpØn ac-Wm-k-∂¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ
sNm√n-∏n-®p. kpt_m-[-an-√msX InS∂ At±lw A\p-X-]n-°p-Itbm
]m]-߃ G‰p-]-d-bp-Itbm sNbvXn-√. tcmKn-°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-
°p-hm≥ ]d-t™¬∏n-®n v sshZo-I≥ aS-ßn. knÿ ]Xym-i-tbmsS
153 aWn P]w sNm√n At±-l-Øn\p th≠n ImgvN-sh-®p. A[nIw
Xma-kn-°msX A\p-X-]n-°mØ At±-l-Øns‚ kao-]-tØ°v
Cutim hn[n-bm-f\mbn IS∂p hcp-∂Xv knÿ I≠p. s]s´∂v
]cn-ip≤ AΩ AhnsS FØn, At±-l-Øn-\p-th≠n Icp-W-°mbn
bmNn-®p. i\n-bm-gvN-I-fn¬ hn.-Ip¿∫m-\-I-fn-¬ kw_-‘n-®n-cp∂
At±-lsØ in£n-°p-I-tbm, X∂n¬ Bi-bn-°p-∂-hsc Dt]-£n-
°p-Itbm sNø-cp-tX-sb∂v AΩ At]-£n-®p. tcmKn-bpsS kao-]-
tØ°v AΩ IS∂p h∂-t∏mƒ ]nim-Np-°ƒ b∂p amdn. tcmKn-
bpsS ImXn¬ a\-kvXm-]-Øn-\p-th≠ Imcy-߃ ]cn-ip≤ AΩ
]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp. DSs\ tcmKn Xs‚ alm-]m-]-ßsf Hm¿Øv A\p-
X-]n-°p-hm≥ XpSßn. \s√mcp acWw At±lØn\v e`n-®p.-G-Xm\pw
Znh-k-߃°v tijw At±lw knÃ-dn\v Z¿i\w \¬In. Xm≥
ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Øm-sW∂pw, \o≠-Imew ip≤o-I-c-W-ap-s≠∂pw
Adn-bn-®p. XpS¿∂p ]m¿∞\mklmbw A`y¿∞n-®p-sIm≠v
Bflmhv A]-Xy-£-am-bn.
- 67 - - 68 -
]cn-ip≤ AΩbpsS Aa-tem-¤h hnizm-k-kXy]Jym-]-\-
Øns‚ kph¿Æ Pq_nen Znh-k-am-bn-cp-∂t√m 1904, Unkw-_¿
8˛mw Xob-Xn. AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v CS-h-I-]-≈n-bn¬ [ym\-Øn\v
Xm≥ ]s¶-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. [ym\w Ign-™-Xns‚ ASpØ Znhkw
cmXn ]`m-]q-cn-X-bmb Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv X\n°v Z¿i\w \¬In,
Cßs\ Adn-bn-®p. tXkym°v \µn ]d-bp-hm-\mWv Xm≥ FØn-b-
sX∂pw [ym\-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw Pq_n-en-bpsS Zfi-hn-tam-N\w
t\Sn-sb-SpØv ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°v ImgvNsh®-Xns‚ ^ew
X\n°v e`n-®-Xmbpw Bflmhv shfns-∏-Sp-Øn.
GI-tZiw Ccp-]Xv h¿j-ambn Xm≥ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv Bbn-
cp-∂p-sh∂pw Ct∂ Znhkw Xm≥ \nXy-X-bn-te°v FSp-°-s∏-Sp-I-
bm-sW∂pw \µn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Bflmhv Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øn. kz¿§`mKyw
Ffp∏w Ic-ÿ-am-°p-hm-\p≈ Hcp kpK-a-amb am¿§amWv Btcm-cp-
an-√mØ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n°p∂-Xv. Znh-
khpw Hcp sNdnb XymK-sa-¶nepw sNbvXv Ah¿°p-th≠n
ImgvNshbv°p-hm≥ adnbw tXkym \sΩ Blzm\w sNøp-∂p.
Hcn-°¬ Hcp sshZo-Is‚ Bflmhv adnbw tXkymbv°v Z¿i\w
\¬In. Xm≥ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv hf-sc-b-[nIw IjvS-∏-Sp-∂Xmbn
At±-lw Adn-bn-®p. `mc-ta-dnb Nß-e-I-fm¬ _‘n-X-\m-bn- mWv
At±-lsØ ImWp-hm≥ Ign-™-Xv. Xs‚ Bflob ]nXmhv kao-]-
Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ At±-l-tØmSv Cu hnhcw knÿ ]d-™p.
F¥mWv sNbvXp Xtc-≠sX∂v tNmZn°phm≥ At±lw adnbw
tXkym-tbmSv ]d-™p. ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv X\n°v GI-tZiw A©v
h¿j-ß-tfmfw Ign-tb-≠n-h-cp-sa∂pw, AXns‚ Imem-h[n Ipd®p
In´p-hm≥ Xs∂ klm-bn-°-W-sa∂pw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flmhv A`y¿∞n-
®p. A∂p apX¬ ]mbv›n-Ø-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ, hnip-≤-Ip¿_m\,
Zfihntam-N\w F∂nh hgn knÿ At±-lsØ klm-bn-°p-hm≥
XpS-ßn. ]n∂oSv c≠p ]mhiyw At±-l-Øns‚ Bflmhv Z¿i\w
\¬In. At∏mƒ At±lw _‘\ hnap-‡-\mbn ImW-s∏- p. knÿ
X\n-°p-th≠n sNbvX-Im-cy-߃ hgn-bmbn X\n°v Bizmkw e`n-
®Xmbpw A[nIw Xma-kn-°msX \nXy-X-bn¬ FØn-t®-cp-sa∂pw
]Xym-in-°p-∂-Xmbn ]d-™p.
ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°-sf-°p-dn®v Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw, hn.-Ip¿∫m\, Zm\-
[¿Ω-߃, ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ Ch hgn Hcm-flm-hn-s\-sb-¶nepw \nXy-X-
bn-te°v IS-Øn-hn-Sp-hm≥ klm-bn-°p-∂-h¿ mKy-hm-∑m¿. Fs¥-
∂m¬ Ah-cpsS Bflm-°ƒ \nXy-\m-i-Øn¬ \n]-Xn-°p-hm≥ kz¿§-
Øn-ep≈ Ah-cpsS kvt\ln-X¿ Hcn-°epw CS-bm-°p-I-bn-√ F∂v
hmgvØ-s∏´ adnbw tXky \sΩ Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂p.
D]-kw-lmcw
\ΩpsS ]q¿∆o-I¿°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS ip≤o-
I-cWw ]q¿Øn-bm°n \nXy-X-bn-se-Øm≥ Ahsc klm-bn-°p-Ibpw
sNtø-≠Xv \ΩpsS IS-a-bm-Wv. ac-Wm-\-¥cw \Ωn¬ \n∂pw Ah¿
]Xo-£n-°p-∂Xv CXp amX-am-Wv. \n¿`m-Ky-h-im¬ ]ecpw CXp th≠-
hn-[-Øn¬ \n¿h-ln°p∂pt≠m F∂v kwi-bn-°p-∂p.
\ΩpsS ]q¿∆oI¿°p-th≠n amX-a-√, ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-esØ
Btcm-cp-an-√mØ a‰v ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th-≠nbpw \mw
]m¿∞nt°≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿°p-th≠n \ap°v sNøm-hp∂
G‰hpw henb Hcp ]pWy-]-hr-Øn-bm-bn-cn°pw AXv. Ipcnin¬
InS-∂p-sIm≠v ‘F\n°v Zmln-°p∂p’ F∂v Cutim ]d-™-t∏mƒ
Ahn-Sp-tØ°v Bflm-°ƒ°p-th≠nbp≈ Zml-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xs‚
a\p-jym-h-Xm-chpw ]oVm-k-l-\-ßfpw Ipcn-ip-a-c-Whpw F√mw a\-
jy-cpsS c£°pw \nXy-Po-h\pw th≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Im¬h-cn-bm-X-
bn¬ Ipcnip hln-°m≥ i‡n-bn-√msX h∂-t∏mƒ Intd-\-°m-c-
\mb ina-tbm≥ Cutimsb klm-bn-°p-∂-Xmbn ss__n-fn¬ tcJ-
s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠-t√m. Bflm-°-fpsS c£-bv°p-th-≠n-bp≈ Im¬h-
cn-bm-X-bn¬ Ahn-SpsØ Ipcniv Aev]-k-a-b-tØ°v Xmßp-hm≥
- 69 - - 70 -
ina-tbm\v `mKyw e`n-s®-¶n¬ C∂pw AtX `mKy-Øn-\p≈ Ah-
kcw \ΩpsS apºnepw e`y-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØp
\n∂pw \nXy-X-bn-te-°p≈ bmX-bn¬ Bflm-°ƒ kl-\-ß-fn-
eqsSbmWt√m IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv. Ah¿°p-th≠n ]m¿∞-\,
hnip≤ Ip¿_m-\, XymK ]hr-Øn-Iƒ, kl-\-߃, HuZm-cy-]-hr-
Øn-Iƒ Ch-hgn \n -lm-b-cmb Ahsc klm-bn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS
\msams° ina-tbm-∑m-cmbn amdp-I-bm-Wv. ]c-kvt\-l-sØ-∏‰n ]Tn-
∏n® Cutim “\nt∂-t∏mse \ns‚ Ab¬°m-c-s\bpw kvt\ln-
°pI” F∂m-Wt√m hN-\-Øn-eqsS \tΩmSv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. temI-Øn-
ep-≈-h¿ F√mw \ΩpsS Ab¬°m¿ Xs∂-bm-W-t√m. Aß-s\-
sb-¶n¬ acWw hgn-bmbn Cu temI-Øn¬ \n∂pw th¿s∏´ \ΩpsS
Ab¬°msc ta¬ hnh-cn® ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw k¬]hr-Øn-Ifpw
hgn \ap°v klm-bn-°mw.
Xm≥ A¿∏n-°p∂ Znhy-_-en-I-fn¬ [mcmfw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-
°ƒ IS-∂p-h-cm-dp-s≠∂v hn. ]mtZ-]ntbm shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ip≤o-
I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p th≠n ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw XymK ]hr-Øn-Ifpw
ImgvN-sh®v Ahsc AXy-[nIw kvt\ln® Hcp hnip-≤-\m-bn-cp∂p
hn. ]mtZ-]n-tbm. \mw A¿∏n-°p∂ Hmtcm Znhy_en-I-fneqsSbpw
\n -lm-b-cmb Cu Bflm-°sf \ap°v klm-bn-°mw.
ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th≠n \mw ]m¿∞n-°p-tºmƒ
\ap°v e`n-°p∂ A\p-K-l-ßsf°pdn®v CXn\p apºv hni-Z-ambn
]Xn]m-Zn-®n-cp-∂p-h-t√m. acn-bm-hmƒtXm¿Øm F∂ Z¿iIbv°v
(ssZ-h-a-\p-jys‚ kvt\l KoX, 16- mw hmey-Øn¬ \n∂pw) Cutim
CtX-°p-dn®v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xp-IqSn amXw hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v
D]-kw-l-cn-°-s´. “Fs‚ k -bn¬ Ft∏mgpw ]ptcm-ln-X-cpw, ]fin-
Xcpw, ]hm-N-Icpw _m[-Iƒ Hgn-∏n-°p-∂-hcpw, ]m]-tam-N\w \¬Ip-
∂-hcpw A¤pXw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-hcpw Acq-]n-bm¬ \nth-in-Xcpw
D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. ImcWw P\-Øn\v Bh-iy-am-bh k -bn¬ \n∂pw
e`n-°-Ww. kz¿§-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]t_m-[n-∏n-°p∂ k`sb kz¿§o-
b-k` X\nsb hn´p-I-f-bp-I-bn-√. ]t_m-[n-∏n-°p∂ k` bp≤w
sNøp∂ k`sb klm-bn-°pw. Ch aq∂p hyXykvX LS-I-ß-f-√.
Ah aq∂pw H∂m-Wv. Ah-cp-sS-bn-S-bn¬ Hcp n∂-X-bp-an-√. F∂m¬
kvt\l-Øns‚ sFIy-am-Wp-≈-Xv. e£y-Øn-ep≈ sFIyhpw
kvt\lsØ BK-ln-°p-hm\pw kz¿§-Øn¬ AXv A\p -hn-°p-
hm\pw, B cmPy-amWv e£yw. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ ka-c-k- , kvt\l-
tØm-Sp-IqsS kl-\-k`bv°v Bh-iy-am-bXp \¬I-Ww. Ch-cn¬
Hcp hn`mKw hnP-b-k- -bn-te°v \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´p Ign-™p. F¶nepw
AXn¬ \n∂pw AI-‰n-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv, ImcWw tamNn-°-s∏´ Ip‰-
߃°v ]cn-]q¿Æ ssZh-\o-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-®p≈ ]cn-lm-c-am-bn- n-√.
auXoI ico-c-Øn¬ F√mw kvt\l-Øn-eq-sSbpw kvt\lw hgn-
bpamWv sNø-s∏-tS-≠-Xv. ImcWw AXn¬ ]h-ln-°p∂ c‡w
kvt\l-am-Wv. hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ \ns‚ ktlm-Z-c-ßsf klm-
bn-°p-I. imco-cn-I-amb ImcpWy ]hrØn-Iƒ°v kz¿§-Øn¬ ]Xn-
k-Ωm-\-ap-s≠∂v Rm≥ ]d-™Xpt]mse Bflo-b-amb Imcp-Wy-
]-hr-Øn-Iƒ°pw kz¿§-Øn¬ kΩm-\-ap-s≠∂v Rm≥ ]d-™n-
cp∂p.- k-Xyambpw Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂p, acn-®-h-cpsS Bflm-°ƒ°m-
bp≈ Hcp ]m¿∞\ Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ Hcp henb ]hr-Øn-bmWv.
AXn\v ssZhw \nßsf A\p-K-ln°pw. \n߃ B¿°p-th≠n
]m¿∞n-®pthm, B Bflm-°ƒ \nß-tfmSv \µn-bp≈hcm-bn-cn°pw.
ico-c-Øns‚ ]p\x-cp-∞m-\-Øn¬ \nß-sf√mw hn[n-I¿Øm-hmb
InkvXp-hns‚ apºn¬ Hcp-an®p IqSn-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Rm≥ BK-
ln-°p-∂-h-tcm-Sp-IqsS iq≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ktlm-Z-c-ß-tfmSv
ImcpWyw ImWn®v Ah¿°pth≠n ]m¿∞n-°p-I-bpw, Zm\-[¿Ωw
\S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cpsS Bflm-°ƒ D≠m-bn-cn°pw. Rm≥ \nß-
tfmSp ]d-bp∂p Hcp \∑-]-hr-Øn-t]mepw e-an-√m-Xmbn t]mIp-I-
bn-√. At\Iw Bfp-Iƒ kz¿§-Øn¬ sXfn-hmbn ]Imin°pw.
- 71 - - 72 -
Ah¿ kphn-tijw ]kw-Kn®n´n√, -F-∂m¬ Ah¿ hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-
s∏-Sp∂ Bflm-°ƒ°pth-≠nbpw ]m]n-I-fpsS am\- m-¥-c-Øn-\p-
th-≠nbpw ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw kln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p-≠v. temI-
Øn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sm-Ø-hcmb ]ptcm-ln-Xcpw t]jn-Xcpw ssZhw
amXw Adn-bp∂ kl-\-Øns‚ _en-bm-Sp-I-fp-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-hcpw
I¿Øm-hns‚ ipiq-j-I-cpsS ]Xn-k-Ωm\w kzoI-cn-°pw. ImcWw
Ah-cpsS Pohn-XsØ Ah¿ ktlm-Z-c-kvt\-l-Øn\pw ssZh-a-l-
Xz-Øn-\p-ambn \nc-¥cw kvt\l-_-en-bmbn A¿∏n-®-h-cm-Wv. Rm≥
kXy-ambn ]d-bp∂p, “\nXy-Po-hn-X-Øn-te°v ]e hgn-I-fn-eqsS ]th-
in-°mw. AXn¬ H∂v CXm-Wv. CXv Fs‚ lrZ-b-Øn\v hfsc ]oXn-
bp-f-hm-°p∂p”.
A\p_‘w
A. ItØm-en°k`bpw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-ehpw
ItØm-en-°-k -bpsS aX-t_m-[-\-Øn¬ (Catechism of thecatholic church) ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-sØ-°p-dn®v 1- mw `mKw, 12- mw
hIp-∏n¬, III ¬, 1030 apX¬ 1032 hsc Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-
cn-°p-∂p.
1030 ssZh-Øns‚ Ir]m-h-c-Ønepw kulr-Z-Ønepw acn-°p-
∂-h¿ ]q¿Æ-ambn ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏- -hc-s√¶nepw \nXy-c-£-bpsS
Dd∏v t\Sn-b-h-cm-Wv. F∂m¬ kz¿§o-bm-\-µ-Øn-te°v ]th-in-°p-
hm≥ Bh-iy-amb hnip≤n t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Ah¿ ac-Wm-\-
¥cw ip≤o-I-c-W-Øn\v hnt[-b-cmbnØocp-∂p.
1031 Xnc-s™-Sp-°-s∏- -h-cpsS Cu A¥n-a-ip-≤o-I-c-WsØ
k` ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿew (Purgatory) F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. i]n-°-
s∏- -h-cpsS in£-bn¬ \n∂v AXv XnI®pw hn`n-∂-am-Wv. ip≤o-I-
c-W-ÿ-esØ kw_-‘n®v k -bpsS hnizm-k-]-t_m-[-\-߃
]tXy-I-ambpw vtfmd≥kn-sebpw, sX¥n-sebpw kp∂-l-tZm-kp-
I-fn¬ tImUo-I-cn-°-s∏- -h-bm-Wv. k`bpsS ]c-ºcyw hnip-≤-K-
Ÿ-Ønse Nne`mK-߃ ]cm-a¿in®p sIm≠v ip≤o-I-cn-°p∂
A·n-sb-∏‰n ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.
eLp-hmb Ip‰-ßsf kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ah-km\ hn[n°p
apºv Hcp ip≤o-I-c-Wm-·n-bp-s≠∂v \mw hniz-kn-°-Ww. ]cn-ip-
≤m-flm-hn-s\-Xnsc ZqjWw ]d-bp-∂-h-tcmSv Cu bpK-Øntem hcpw
bpK-Øntem £an-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-s√∂p kXyw Xs∂-bm-b-h≥ ]d-
- 73 - - 74 -
bp-∂p. Nne Ip‰ßƒ Cu bpK-Øn¬ £an-°-s∏-Sm-sa∂pw F∂m¬
a‰p NneXp hcm-\p≈ bpK-Ønepw £an-°-s∏-Sm-sa∂pw Cu hmN-
I-Øn¬ \n∂pw \mw a\- n-em-°p-∂p.
1032 acn-®-h¿°p-th≠n ]m¿∞n-°p∂ ]Xn-hnepw A[n-jvTn-
X-amWv Cu ]t_m-[\w. hnip≤ KŸ-Øn¬ B ]Xn-hn-s\-∏‰n
kqNn-∏n-®n- p-≠v. “AXp-sIm≠v acn-®-h¿°p ]m]tam-N\w e`n-°p-
∂-Xn-\p-th≠n Ah≥ (bq-Zmkv aJm-_-b¿) ]m]-]-cn-lmc I¿Ωw
A\p-jvTn-®p. Bcw- -Imew apX¬ k` acn-®-h-cpsS A\p-kva-c-
WsØ BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°p-th≠n ]cn-lmc ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ,
k¿thm-]cn Znhy-_en A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ ip≤o-
I-cn-°-s∏ v ssZh-Øns‚ ku`mKy Z¿i\w ]m]n-°pI F∂-Xm-
bn-cp∂p CXns‚ e£yw. acn-®-h¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ [¿Ω-Zm-\w, Zfi
hntam-N\ I¿Ω-߃, ]mbv›nØ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ F∂n-hbpw k`
t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p.
\ap°v Ahsc klm-bn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS Hm¿Ω BN-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNømw. tPm_ns‚ ]pX-∑m¿ Xß-fpsS ]nXm-hns‚ _en
hgn ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏- p-sh-¶n¬ acn-®-h¿°p-th-≠n-bp≈ \ΩpsS
ImgvN-Iƒ Ah¿°v Bizmkw \¬Ip-sa-∂-Xn¬ \mw F¥n\p
kwi-bn-°-Ww? acn-®-hsc klmbn°p-∂-Xnepw \ΩpsS ]m¿∞-
\-Iƒ Ah¿°mbn ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xnepw \mw i¶n-°-cpX.v
IqSmsX \c-I-Øns‚ AkvXn-Xz-sØ-°p-dn®v 1033- 1037 hsc
hfsc hni-Z-ambn ItØm-en-°-k-`-bpsS aX-t_m-[-\-Øn¬
(catechism of the Catholic Church) tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.
B. hn. ss__nfpw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-ehpw
hn.-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ At\I ÿe-ß-fn¬ CtX-°p-dn®v ]Xn-]m-Zn-
°p-∂p-≠v. Ah-bn¬ Nne-Xp-amXw Xmsg D≤-cn-°p-∂p.
Zm\n-tb¬ 12-/10, kJ-dnbm 13-/9, aem°n 3/2- 3, 2 a°m-_-b¿ 12-
/42- 45, aØmbn 5/26, eq°m 12-/47- 48, eq°m 12/58-- - -59, 1 tImdn-
t¥mkv 3/13- 15, 2 Xntam-tØ-tbmkv 1/16- 18, sl_m-b¿ 12/23, shfn-
]mSv 21/27, 1 ]tXmkv 3/19, aØmbn 12/32, ]`m-j-I≥ 2/5.
C. hnip-≤cpw ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-ehpw
ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-esØ XobpsS kmµX \c-I-Ønse Xobp-
tSXp t]mse Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXp-ambn G‰hpw sNdnb _‘w
]pe¿Øn-bm-ep≈ thZ\ Cu temI-Ønse F√m kl-\-ßfpw
IqSn-t®¿∂m¬ D≈-Xn-t\-°mƒ ItTm-c-am-Wv.
hn. tXmakv AIzn-\mkv
kz¿§ ]th-i\Øn\p apºmbn F√m Ip‰-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw
Bflmhv hnip-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-S-Ww. Cu temI-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ A\p- -
hn-°mt\m Duln-°m≥ t]meptam Ign-bmØ b-¶camb Xobn¬
thZ-\n®v Bflmhv \n¿Ω-e-am-°-s∏-S-Ww.
hn. AKkvXot\mkv
Cu temI-Ønse F√m IjvS-X-Ifpw thZ-\-Ifpw Ah-km\
hn[n-Zn-hkw hsc kln-°p-∂-XmWv Hcp Znhkw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-·n-
bn¬ InS-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ kzoIm-cy-am-bn- p-≈-Xv.
hn. kndnƒ
- 75 - - 76 -
hnip-≤-cn¬ \n∂v [mcmfw A\p-K-l-߃, hen-b-Zm-\-߃
Rm≥ kzoI-cn-®n- p-≠v. F∂m¬ Ah-tb-°mƒ al-Ømb Zm\-߃
ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°-fpsS ]m¿∞\ hgn-bmbn F\n°v km[n-®n- p-
≠v. kln-°p∂ B Bflm-°ƒ HSp-hn¬ Ah-cpsS thZ-\-I-fn¬
\n∂pw tamNn-X-cmbn kz¿§`mKyw A\p- -hn-°p-tºmƒ qan-bnse
Xß-fpsS kplr-Øp-°sf Hcn-°epw ad-°p-I-bn-√. Ah-cpsS IrX-
⁄-Xbv°v Hcp AXncpw ]cn-an-Xnbpw Iev]n-°p-I-bp-an-√. Ah-
cpsS ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ hgn Xß-fpsS kvt\ln-Xsc A]-I-S-ß-fn¬
\n∂pw `b-s∏-Sp -Øp∂ Xn∑-I -fn¬ \n∂pw
kwc-£n-°pw.
s_mtfm-™m-bnse hn. IXo\
ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-m°ƒ°v X߃°mbn tbmKy-X-Iƒ H∂pw
t\Sm≥ Ign-bn-s√-¶nepw \ap-°p-th≠n hen-b-Ir-]-Iƒ hmßn-Ø-
cm≥ Ign-bpw. Ah¿ hnip-≤m-flm-°sf t]mse a≤y-ÿ-c-s√-¶nepw
ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-]m-e-\-bn-eqsS \ap-°p-th≠n henb B\p-Iq-
ey-߃ ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw t\Sn-Ø-cm\pw, Xn∑-Iƒ, tcmK-߃,
A]-I-S-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬ \n∂v \sΩ ]cn-c-£n-°p-hm\pw km[n-
°pw.
hn.-A¬t^m≥kv entKm-cn.
Hscm‰ amc-I-]m]w \nXy-Im-esØ \c-I-in-£bv°v Hcm-flmhv
hn[n-°-s∏-Sm≥ aXn-sb-¶n¬ (A-\p-X-]n-°msX acn-®-h-sc-¶n¬)
FÆ-a‰ a\x-]q¿∆-amb eLp-]m-]-߬ sNbvX Bflm-°ƒ \o≠-
h¿j-߃ ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-eØv hn[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn¬ AXn-i-bn-
°m-s\m-∂p-an-√.
ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-\mb sshkven
D. hn. tPm¿XqUpw ip≤o-I-c-Wm-fl-°fpw
Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th≠n [mcmfw
]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw Xs‚ kl-\-߃ Ah¿°v th≠n ImgvN-sh-
°p-Ibpw sNbvX hn.P¿XqUv Xs‚ ac-W-k-abw ASp-Ø-t∏mƒ
]nim-Np-°-fm¬ ]co-£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ahƒ At\-I-h¿jw ip≤o-
I-c-W-ÿ-eØv Ign-tb-≠n-h-cp-sa∂v ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp. CXns‚ ImcWw Xs‚ kl-\-߃ apgp-h≥ a‰v Bflm-
°ƒ°p-th≠n ImgvNsh-®Xn\memWv F∂v Ah¿ Hm¿Ωn-∏n®p.
kz¿§w At\Iw ZqX-∑m-scbpw, ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿe-Øp-\n∂pw
Ahƒ tamNn-∏n® [mcmfw Bflm-°sfbpw Ah-fpsS ]°-te°v
Ab-°p-Ibpw, Ah-km\w tbip Xs∂ h∂v kmØms\ HmSn-®p-
I-f-bp-Ibpw Ahsf Biz-kn-∏n -°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn
]d-bp-∂p.
Bflm-°-fpsS c£-°p-th≠n Cutim hn.-P¿Xq-Uns\ ]Tn-
∏n® ]m¿∞\ Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂p. “\nXy ]nXm-th, Ct∂ Znhkw
temI-am-k-Iew A¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Znhy-_-en-I-fn¬ Atßbv°v
ka¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Atß Xncp-°p-am-cs‚ Xncpc‡w ip≤o-I-c-W-
ÿ-esØ kIe Bflm-°ƒ°pw, temI-Ønse F√m ]m]n-
Iƒ°pw km¿h-XnI k -bn-sebpw Fs‚ IpSpw-_-Øn-sebpw ]m]n-
Iƒ°p-th-≠nbpw Rm≥ ImgvN sh®p-sIm-≈p-∂p.”
Cu ]m¿∞\ Znh-khpw ]e-X-hW \mw ]m¿∞n-°p-∂Xv \∂m-
bn-cn-°pw.
- 77 - - 78 -
E. hmb-\-°m-tcmSp≈ A`y¿∞\
F√m-h¿jhpw \nß-fp-sSbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fp-sSbpw P∑-Zn\w
BtLm-jn-°p∂ Znh-k-ß-fn¬ (A-s√-¶n¬ AXn-\-SpØ kuI-
cy-ap≈ Znh-kw) Hcp hn.-Ip¿∫m\ sNm√n ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-
th≠n ImgvN sh°p-I. CXv \nß-fpsS \nXy-Xbv°v Imc-W-am-bn-
Øo-cpw.
Reference : 1. Divine Mercy in my soul by Maria Faustina
2. The amazing secrets of the souls in purgatory: An interview with Maria Simma by Sr. Emmanuel
3. IY ]d-bp∂ Fhp-]m-kn-bΩ Sn.Sn. ap≠-°¬
4. ]©-£X adnbw tXky ˛ Sn.-Sn. ap≠-°¬
“Cutim, adn-bw, Hutkt∏ Rm≥
\nßsf AXy-[n-I-ambn kvt\ln-°p-
∂p. Rm≥ Bflo-b-ambn ZsØ-Sp-Øn-
cn-°p∂ K¿ -ÿ-in-ip-hns‚ Poh≥
`qW-l-Xy-bn¬ \n∂pw c£n-°-W-
sa∂v Rm≥ \nß-tfmS v bmNn -
°p∂p”.
Znh-khpw ]Øp-]m-hiyw Cu ]m¿∞\ sNm√n, ]Øv
Ip™p-ßsf Bflo-b-ambn ZsØ-Sp-°p-I. \n߃ Bflo-
b-ambn ZsØSpØncn-°p∂ Cu Ip™p-߃ AΩ-bpsS
DZ-c-Øn-em-bn-cn-°p∂ ]Øp amkw F√m Znh-khpw Cu
]m¿∞\ sNm√p-I. F¶n¬ \n߃°v B Ip™p-ßsf
c£n-°m≥ km[n-°pw. \n߃ ssZh-Øns‚ apºn¬
sN√ptºmƒ B Ip™p-ßsf ImWm≥ km[n-°pw.
`qW-l-Xy-bn¬ \n∂pw Ip™p-ßsfc£n-°p-hm≥ th≠n-bp≈ ]m¿∞\
(Prayer to save children from abortion by Bishop Fulton J. Sheen)
- 79 - - 80 -
Imh¬ amem-J-tbm-Sp≈ ]m¿∞\Imh¬ amem-J-tbm-Sp≈ ]m¿∞\Imh¬ amem-J-tbm-Sp≈ ]m¿∞\Imh¬ amem-J-tbm-Sp≈ ]m¿∞\Imh¬ amem-J-tbm-Sp≈ ]m¿∞\
F\n°v A[nIw hnizm-khpw kvt\l-hp-ap≈ klm-
bn-bmb amem-J-tb, Fs‚ Imh-embn k¿t∆-iz-c-\m¬
Ahn-Sp∂p \nb-an-°-s∏- n-cn-°-bm¬, Fs∂ hn´p-]n-cn-bmsX
F√m-bvt∏mgpw ImØp-c-£n-®m-Z-cn-®p-h-cp-∂p-h-t√m. C]-Im-
c-ap≈ Ahn-SpsØ klm-b-Øn\pw a‰-t\I D]-Im-c-
߃°pw Atß°v FXtbm kvtXmXw sNtø-≠-Xm-Ip-
∂p. Rm≥ \nZ-sN-øp-tºmƒ Ahn-Sp∂v Fs∂ Im°p-∂p.
N©-e-s∏-Sp-tºmgpw sRcp-°-s∏-Sp-tºmgpw Ahn-Sp∂v Fs∂
Biz-kn-∏n-°p-∂p. F\n°p hcp∂ B]-Øp-Isf \o°p-
∂Xpw taen¬ hcp-hm-\n-cn-°p∂ Imcy-߃ kq£va-ap-≈-
h-\mbn ]m]-h-gnsb AS®v \√hgnsb ]th-in-∏n-°p-∂-
Xn\v F\n°v \√ hnNmcw X∂p-sIm≠v k¿t∆-iz-cs‚
IcpW e`n-°m-\n-S-bm-°p-∂Xpw Ahn-Sp∂p amX-am-Ip-∂p.
Atøm, Aß-bpsS At]-£-I-fm¬ ssZh-tIm]w F∂n¬
\n∂p \oßm-Xn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ct∏mƒ Rm≥ \c-I-hmkn
BIp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Bb-Xp-sIm≠v Rm≥ Aß-tbmSv At]-
£n-°p-∂p. Hcn-°epw Fs∂ ssIhn-S-cp-tX, ZpxJ-Øn¬
Biz-kn-∏n-t°-W-sa. Fs‚ ]m¿∞-\-Iƒ, IÆp-\o¿,
]tem`\-߃ apX-emb kIe k¬In-b-I-tfbpw a‰p
]hr-Øn-I-tfbpw ssZh-Xn-cp-a-\- n\v HØ-Xm°n k¿t∆-
i-cs‚ CjvS]km-Z-tØm-Sp-IqsS Rm≥ Cu temI-Øp-
\n∂p ]ncn™v \nXym-bp- p-]m-]n-°m≥ Ir] sNbvX-cp-tf-
W-ta, BtΩ≥ Cutim.
Cu ]pkvXIw hmbn-®n v \n߃°v kwXr]vXn e`n-
°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬, a‰p-≈-h-cn-te°v CXnse ktµ-i-߃
FØn-°p-hm-\mbn CXns‚ tIm∏n-Iƒ hmßn hnX-
cWw sNøp-∂Xv \n߃°v A\p-K-l-]-Z-am-bn-cn-°pw.
Hcp kphn-ti-j-th-e-bmbn AXv amdp-I-bpw sNøpw.
ip≤o-I-cWw Ipd-bv°p-hm-\p≈ Nne hgn-I-ƒ
1. \nß-fpsS Hmtcm ]m¿∞-\-bn-epw, ]s¶-Sp-°p∂ Znhy_en-I-fn-epw,ZnhyImcpWy kzoI-c-W-k-a-b-Øpw, Hmtcm \∑ ]h¿ØnIƒ sNøp-tºmgpw \∑-c-W-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ BKlw ssZhw ap≥]msI ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-I. H∏w ip≤o-I-cWw `qan-bn¬ h®p Xs∂ Xo¿°p-hm-\p≈A\p-K-l-Øn-\mbn ]m¿∞n-°p-I.
2. Ft∏mgpw ssZhCjvSw sNøp-hm-\mbn BK-ln-°p-I. AXmWv Hcphy‡n°v Ft∏mgpw \√-Xv. Hmtcm “kz¿§-ÿ-\mb ]nXmth” F∂]m¿∞-\-bnepw “Ahn-SpsØ lnXw F∂n¬ \nd-th-d-Wta” F∂v]m¿∞n-°p-I.
3. F√m IjvS-∏m-Sp-I-fpw, Zpcn-X-ß-fpw, thZ-\-I-fpw, PohnX ss\cm-iy-ßfpw Ah sNdptXm heptXm BIs´ Ahsb kt¥m-j-tØmSpIqSn kzoI-cn-°p-I.-A-\m-tcm-Kyw, hkvXp-h-I-I-fpsS \jvSw, ]nb-s∏-´-h-cpsS ac-Ww, ]Xn-Iqe Imem-h-ÿ-Iƒ Aßs\ F√mw ssZhØn¬ \n∂m-sW∂v IcpXn Ahsb ssZh-I-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw kzoI-cn-°p-I. ssZh kvt\lsØ ]Xn CØ-c-Ønep≈ kl-\-߃ £a-tbm-Sp-IqSn kln-°p-∂Xp hgn-bmbn Ah \ΩpsS ]m]-߃°p≈]mb-›n-Ø-ambn amdpw.
4. tbip-hn\v PohnXImeØv ]oVm-k-l-\-߃ D≠m-bXp t]mse\ap°pw A\p-Zn\ Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]oVmk-l-\-߃ D≠m-Ip-∂Xvkzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. \ΩpsS Pohn-X-Im-eØv \ap-°p-≠m-Ip∂ IjvS∏m-Sp-I-sfbpw \ncm-i-I-sfbpw tbip-hns‚ ]oVm-k-l-\ßtfmSv tN¿Øvh®v Ahsb kzoI-cn-°p-I-bpw, £a-tbm-Sp-IqSn kln-°p-IbpwsNøpI. B kl-\ßfneqsS \ap°v [mcmfw Ir]-Iƒ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°mw.
5. ssZhw \tΩmSp £an-°p-∂Xp t]mse a‰p-≈-h-cn¬ \n∂p \ap°ve`n-°p∂ apdn-hp-I-tf-bpw, \nµ-\-ß-tfbpw AtX Af-hn¬ £an-°p-I.
6. amcI ]m]-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw a\x-]q¿∆w sNøp∂ eLp ]m]-ß-fn¬ \n∂p hn´p \n¬°p-I. Nn¥-bnepw, hm°n-epw, ]hr-Øn-bn-epw, HuZmcyw ImWn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw hgn-bmbn hcp∂ ]m]-߃Hgn-hm-°m≥ i≤n-°p-I.
7. Zm\-[¿Ω-߃ sNøp-∂Xp ioe-am-°p-I. Ch-sb√mw ]cm-Xn-tbm, ]ndp-]n-dpt∏m IqSm-sXbm-bncn°Ww sNtø≠-Xv. a‰p-≈-h-sc-°p-dn®v]cmXn ]d-bp-Itbm klmbw sNøp-hm≥ In´p∂ Ah-k-c-߃ \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-Itbm sNø-cp-Xv. Ch-sbms° henb ]mb›nØ ]h¿Øn-I-fmbn amdpw.
8. kIe ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°ƒ°p-th-≠nbpw ]m¿∞n-°p-I. a‰p-≈-hscAXn\p t]cn-∏n-°p-I. ip≤o-I-cWw ]q¿Øn-bm-°nb Bflm-°ƒ\sΩ XncnsI klm-bn°pw.
9. Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬ BgvN-bn-sem-cn-°¬ Ipº-km-cn-°p-I. Znh-tk\Znhy_en-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp -°p-Ibpw ZnhyImcpWyw kzoI-cn -°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. -a-cn-°m-dmbn InS-°p-∂-h¿°v \∑-c-W-Øn-\p-th≠nhn. _en A¿∏n-°p-∂Xv \√-Xmbncn°pw.
10. Aev] ka-b-am-sW-¶n¬ t]mepw F√m Znh-khpw ZnhyImcpWy
ItØm-en°mk m hnizm-k-߃°v tbmPn® ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hni-Zo-I-c-W-߃ \¬Ip∂ “ip≤o-I-c-W-ÿ-e-Ønse A¤pX cl-ky-߃” F∂ Cu]pkvXIw e n-°p-hm-\mbn Hcp tIm∏n°v 25 cq] aWn Hm¿U¿ Ab®v
s]m^. Fw. F. A_m-lw, aWn-a-teØv hoSv,amXn-c-∏n≈n PwKvj≥, tImX-aw-Kew 686 691 t^m¨ \º¿ : 0485 2824842.
F∂ hnem-k-Øn¬ Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ e`n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. aWn Hm¿U¿ Ab-bv°p-tºmƒ \nß-fpsS ]n≥tImUpw, t^m¨ \ºdpw tN¿Øn-cn-°p-a-t√m.
5/--˛ cq]- hn-e-bp≈ “Ipcp-°p-Iƒ Agn-°p∂]cn. I\y-Im-a-dn-b-tØm-Sp≈ s\mth\”
]pkvX-Iw e`n-°p-hm-\mbn Xmsg ImWp∂ hnem-k-Øn¬ _‘-s∏-Sp-I.(G‰-hpw Ipd-™Xv 4 tIm∏n-sb-¶nepw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I)
s]m^. Fw. F. A_mlw, aWn-a-te-¯v hoSv,amXn-c-∏n≈n PwKvj≥, tImX-aw-Kew.
]n≥ ˛ 686 691 , tIcf. t^m¨ ˛ 0485 2824842
Bcm[-\-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-I. Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Øn¬ Cutimsb I≠p -sIm≠v ap´p-Ip-Øo\n∂v Imcp-Wy-hm-\mb Fs‚ Cutimsb, ]m]n-bmbFt∂mSv IcpW ImWn-°-W-sa. Cutimsb Rm≥ Aßsbkvt\ln-°p∂p. F\n°v \∑-cWw \evtI-W-sa F∂v ]m¿∞n-°p-I.11. hnizm-k-tØm-Sp-IqSn sh¥nßm [cn-°p-∂-Xpw, Npw_n-°p-∂Xpw
Hcp ioe-am-°p-I.13. hnip≤ Pew \ΩpsS `h-\-ß-fn¬ kq£n-°p-I, ]tXy-In®v
A·n, sImSp-¶m-‰v, ]Ir-Xn -t£m-`-߃, ]I¿® hym[n-Iƒ Chbv°v]Xn-hn-[n-bmbn CXv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I. “tbipth, Cu hnip-≤-P-e-Øm-epw, Xncp-c-‡-Ømepw Fs‚bpw kIe ip≤o-I-c-Wm-flm-°-fp-tSbpw]m]-ßsf IgpIn If-bs´” F∂v ]m¿∞n®p sIm≠v hnip≤ PewXfn-®v, Ipcniv hc-bv°p-I.-
Nn‰q¿ [ym\-tI-µ-Øn¬ _lp. tPmkv D∏m-Wn-b-®≥ \bn® P]-ame[ym\-Øn¬ s]m . Fw. F. A_mlw \¬Inb
acn-b≥ A\p- -h-km£yw “AΩX≥ Nmsc”- F∂ hoUntbmkn.- Un. ( 25/þ) e`n-°p-hm≥ 0485 2824842 ¬ hnfn°p-I.
Nne ssIkvXh k`m-hn-`m-K-߃ ]cn. AΩ-bvs°-Xnsc D∂-bn-°p∂ Btcm-]-W-߃°pw, kwi-b-߃°pw adp-]Sn \¬Ip-∂, sssss]m^. Fw]m^. Fw]m^. Fw]m^. Fw]m^. Fw. F. A_m-lØns‚. F. A_m-lØns‚. F. A_m-lØns‚. F. A_m-lØns‚. F. A_m-lØns‚
]pkvXIw “Znhy-Im-cp-Wy-Øns‚ AΩ” e`n-°p-hm≥
Poh≥ _pIvkv, c-W-ßm\w (t^m¨ 04822 ˛ 237474) F∂ \º-dn¬_‘s∏-Sp-I.
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