Introduction to the Periodic Table · The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of their...

INTRODUCTION TO THE PERIODIC TABLE

ATOMIC NUMBER ● SYMBOL ● ATOMIC WEIGHT

ELEMENT ● COMPOUND ● MIXTURE

CREATED BY DMITRI MENDELEEV

WHAT IS THE PERIODIC TABLE?

oShows all known elements in the universe.

oOrganizes the elements by chemical properties.

HOW DO YOU READ THE PERIODIC TABLE?

WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER?

oThe number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom

Or

oThe number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom.

WHAT IS THE SYMBOL?

oAn abbreviation of the element name.

WHAT IS THE ATOMIC WEIGHT?

oThe number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

HOW DO I FIND THE NUMBER OF PROTONS, ELECTRONS, AND NEUTRONS IN AN ELEMENT USING THE PERIODIC TABLE?

o # of PROTONS = ATOMIC NUMBER

o # of ELECTRONS = ATOMIC NUMBER

o # of NEUTRONS = ATOMIC _ ATOMIC

WEIGHT NUMBER

ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, AND MIXTURES

WHAT IS AN ELEMENT?

oA substance composed of a single kind of atom.

oCannot be broken down into another substance by chemical or physical means.

WHAT IS A COMPOUND?

oA substance in which two or more different elements are CHEMICALLY bonded together.

WHAT IS A MIXTURE?

oTwo or more substances that are mixed together but are NOT chemically bonded.

ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE?

ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE?

ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE?

ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE?

ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE?

ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE?

Periods:

Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table (rows 1-7). These elements have the same number of valence shells.

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

2nd Period

6th Period

Family:

Are arranged vertically down the periodic table (columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B). These elements have the same number electrons in the outer most shells, the valence shell.

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

Alkali Family:

1 e- in the valence shell

Halogen Family:

7 e- in the valence shell

Notable families of the Periodic Table and some important members:

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

Alkali

Alkaline

(earth)

Transition Metals

Noble GasHalogen

Chalcogens

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

Individual members of selected Elements & their characteristics

H He

Li

Na

K Ca

Mg

Fe

I

Cl

F

P SSi

ONC

Al

ZnCu

Ag

Br

The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of their electrons

1IA

18VIIIA

12

IIA13

IIIA14

IVA15VA

16VIA

17VIIA

2

33

IIIB4

IVB5

VB6

VIB7

VIIB8 9

VIIIB10 11

IB12IIB

4

5

6

7

West (South) Mid-plains East (North)METALS

AlkaliAlkaline

Transition

METALLOID NON-METALSNoble gasHalogensCalcogens

These elementstend to give up

e- and formCATIONS

These elementswill give up e- or

accept e-

These elementstend to accept

e- and formANIONS

ATOMIC RADIUSAtomic Radius:

The size of at atomic specie as determine by the boundaries of the valence e-. Largest atomic species are those found in the SW corner since these atoms have the largest n, but the smallest Zeff.

IONIZATION POTENTIALIonization potential:

The energy required to remove

the valence electron from an

atomic specie. Largest toward NE

corner of PT since these atoms

hold on to their valence e- the

tightest.

ELECTRON AFFINITY

Electron Affinity:

The energy

release when an

electron is added

to an atom. Most

favorable toward

NE corner of PT

since these atoms

have a great

affinity for e-.

Periodic Table and Periodic Trends

1. Electron Configuration

2. Atomic Radius: Largest toward SW corner of PT

3. Ionization Energy: Largest toward NE of PT

4. Electron Affinity: Most favorable NE of PT

Periodic Table: Map of the Building block of matter

Type: Metal, metalloid and Nonmetal

Groupings: Representative or main, transition and Lanthanide/Actanides

Family: Elements in the same column have similar chemical property because of similar valence electrons

Alkali, Alkaline, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases

Period: Elements in the same row have valence electrons in the same shell.