Internet Technology In Music Education. Contents Introduction Introduction Development Development...

Internet Internet TechnologyTechnology

In Music EducationIn Music Education

ContentsContents IntroductionIntroduction DevelopmentDevelopment National StandardsNational Standards 35 Web Site Reviews: Internet Resources35 Web Site Reviews: Internet Resources

Interactive LearningInteractive Learning Virtual Learning CommunitiesVirtual Learning Communities Design Your Own SiteDesign Your Own Site World MusicWorld Music Tools and ResourcesTools and Resources Sheet MusicSheet Music Resource PortalsResource Portals

ReferencesReferences

IntroductionIntroduction

Greek roots of the word technology refer Greek roots of the word technology refer to the study of art, craft, or technique to the study of art, craft, or technique (Webster 2002).(Webster 2002).

How appropriate it is to use internet How appropriate it is to use internet technology to advance music education!technology to advance music education!

The following presentation reviews past The following presentation reviews past and current use of music technology.and current use of music technology.

Reviews of web sites focus upon Reviews of web sites focus upon application and interactivity of the application and interactivity of the content.content.

DevelopmentDevelopment

A quick overview of the use of A quick overview of the use of technology for instructional technology for instructional purposes helps ground our purposes helps ground our understanding of classroom uses, understanding of classroom uses, past, present, and future!past, present, and future!

Note the progression from Note the progression from programmed instruction to programmed instruction to interactive instruction and interactive instruction and independent learning.independent learning.

(Berz, 1995)

1950: Earliest Uses1950: Earliest Uses Computers were not typically intended Computers were not typically intended

for educational use.for educational use. Purposes included calculating missile Purposes included calculating missile

trajectories.trajectories. However, the technology industry However, the technology industry

developed programs to train its own developed programs to train its own personnel.personnel.

Computing field of Artificial Intelligence Computing field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research develops under Alan (AI) research develops under Alan Turing and Claude Shannon.Turing and Claude Shannon.

(Berz, 1995)

Researchers study the possibilities Researchers study the possibilities of computer-assisted instruction of computer-assisted instruction (CAI).(CAI).

Uses are primarily restricted to Uses are primarily restricted to programmed instruction delivered programmed instruction delivered by computer.by computer.

1970: SCHOLAR, the first intelligent 1970: SCHOLAR, the first intelligent tutoring system is introduced.tutoring system is introduced.

1965-1978: Mainframe 1965-1978: Mainframe PeriodPeriod

(Berz, 1995)

1978-1989: 1978-1989: Microcomputer PeriodMicrocomputer Period

1978: Apple II released1978: Apple II released 1981: IBM-PC released1981: IBM-PC released 1984: Macintosh released1984: Macintosh released The development of personal The development of personal

computers allows the proliferation of computers allows the proliferation of computer technology in the home computer technology in the home and classroom.and classroom.

(Berz, 1995)

1989-1993: Emerging 1989-1993: Emerging TechnologiesTechnologies

Hypermedia, Artificial Intelligence, and Virtual Hypermedia, Artificial Intelligence, and Virtual Reality become more instructionally flexible.Reality become more instructionally flexible.

Hypermedia is the use of “links” to connect Hypermedia is the use of “links” to connect information.information. Today, it is commonly used on the Web to view more Today, it is commonly used on the Web to view more

detailed text, images, audio, video, or to go to a new detailed text, images, audio, video, or to go to a new web site.web site.

Virtual Reality, coined in 1989, refers to Virtual Reality, coined in 1989, refers to computer-based experiences conveyed computer-based experiences conveyed electronically such that senses are engaged electronically such that senses are engaged primarily in the electronic presentation rather primarily in the electronic presentation rather than the immediate environment.than the immediate environment.

1994-2010: Technology in 1994-2010: Technology in CurriculumCurriculum

1994: Following development of National 1994: Following development of National Standards in Music Education, MENC Standards in Music Education, MENC publishes “Opportunity-to-Learn” publishes “Opportunity-to-Learn” standards, including references tostandards, including references to Computers, software, MIDI equipment, CD-Computers, software, MIDI equipment, CD-

ROMs, and other resourcesROMs, and other resources Researchers note that new models, Researchers note that new models,

techniques, strategies, and even techniques, strategies, and even philosophies must develop with the new philosophies must develop with the new technologies (Berz, 1995; Hebert, 2008; technologies (Berz, 1995; Hebert, 2008; Lange, 2001). Lange, 2001).

1994-2010: Technology in 1994-2010: Technology in CurriculumCurriculum

1999: MENC publishes the 1999: MENC publishes the addendum, “Opportunity-to-Learn addendum, “Opportunity-to-Learn Standards for Music Technology”Standards for Music Technology”

2001: Despite growing awareness 2001: Despite growing awareness and use of technology for teachers’ and use of technology for teachers’ own learning and correspondence, own learning and correspondence, these same technologies were not these same technologies were not integrated into the classroom for integrated into the classroom for student learning (Bauer, 2001). student learning (Bauer, 2001).

National National StandardsStandards

National StandardsNational Standards

Singing, playing instruments, Singing, playing instruments, improvisingimprovising are assisted through are assisted through tools in music theory, piano tools in music theory, piano pedagogy, music history, sheet pedagogy, music history, sheet music, virtual learning centers, music, virtual learning centers, practice-and-drill sites, and injury practice-and-drill sites, and injury prevention.prevention.

Composing, reading, notating, and Composing, reading, notating, and listeninglistening standards are supported standards are supported through computer assisted through computer assisted instruction, distance learning, instruction, distance learning, electronic encyclopedias, and online electronic encyclopedias, and online mentoring.mentoring.

Evaluating, understanding relationships Evaluating, understanding relationships among other disciplines, and among other disciplines, and understanding music history and cultureunderstanding music history and culture are particularly assisted by social are particularly assisted by social networking aspects online: course-based networking aspects online: course-based e-discussions, direct contact with e-discussions, direct contact with musicians and scholars, viewing musicians and scholars, viewing performances and rehearsals, and musical performances and rehearsals, and musical life in all parts of the world (Bauer, 2001; life in all parts of the world (Bauer, 2001; Hebert, 2008; Mishra, 2004).Hebert, 2008; Mishra, 2004).

Web Site ReviewsWeb Site Reviews

Interactive LearningInteractive Learning

Musictheory.netMusictheory.net

Musictheory.net ReviewMusictheory.net Review

http://www.musictheory.net/ Audience: Upper elementary to Audience: Upper elementary to

EducatorEducator Features:Features:

Online Interactive LessonsOnline Interactive Lessons Online Interactive ExercisesOnline Interactive Exercises Interactive theory and performance toolsInteractive theory and performance tools

FreeFree

Emusictheory.comEmusictheory.com

Emusictheory.com Emusictheory.com ReviewReview

http://www.emusictheory.com/freeResources.html

Audience: Upper elementary to Audience: Upper elementary to EducatorEducator

Features:Features: Online Interactive ExercisesOnline Interactive Exercises Interactive theory toolsInteractive theory tools

Free (online tab) or by subscriptionFree (online tab) or by subscription

Pedaplus.comPedaplus.com

Pedaplus.com ReviewPedaplus.com Review

http://www.pedaplus.com/ Audience: Piano, upper elementary to Audience: Piano, upper elementary to

RepertoireRepertoire ArticlesArticles WorksheetsWorksheets Interactive gamesInteractive games Products for saleProducts for sale

FreeFree

Smartmusic.comSmartmusic.com

Smartmusic.com ReviewSmartmusic.com Review

http://www.smartmusic.com/ Audience: Upper Elementary to EducatorAudience: Upper Elementary to Educator Features:Features:

Online RepertoireOnline Repertoire Online RecordingOnline Recording Online AssessmentOnline Assessment Online Ear TrainingOnline Ear Training

Annual subscription: $36 student, $140 Annual subscription: $36 student, $140 teacherteacher

Virtual Learning Virtual Learning CommunitiesCommunities

Music Composition Music Composition Online Mentoring Online Mentoring

ProgramProgram

Music Composition Music Composition Online Mentoring Online Mentoring

ProgramProgram http://www.music-comp.org/ Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:

Example of virtual learning community Example of virtual learning community between upper elementary students and between upper elementary students and composer mentorscomposer mentors

Also contains video files designed to help Also contains video files designed to help students compose on Orff instrumentsstudents compose on Orff instruments

Free browsing, subscription needed for Free browsing, subscription needed for postingposting

Danman’s Music.comDanman’s Music.com

Danman’s Music.com Danman’s Music.com ReviewReview

http://www.danmansmusic.com/ Audience: Undergraduate, Audience: Undergraduate,

Educators, and ParentsEducators, and Parents Features:Features:

Video LessonsVideo Lessons Lesson PlansLesson Plans Products for saleProducts for sale

SubscriptionSubscription

SkypeSkype

http://www.skype.com/intl/en-us/home

Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:

Videoconferencing software permits Videoconferencing software permits distance studiodistance studio

FreeFree

Design Your Own Design Your Own SiteSite

Your Web Site Should Your Web Site Should Include:Include:

Advocacy for the music programAdvocacy for the music program Student work via MP3 files is a primary draw Student work via MP3 files is a primary draw

to the siteto the site However, discuss and maintain student privacy as However, discuss and maintain student privacy as

necessary for your school community.necessary for your school community. Resource informationResource information Calendar and concert information for parentsCalendar and concert information for parents Groups to join such as youth choirs and Groups to join such as youth choirs and

string orchestrasstring orchestras High-quality local performancesHigh-quality local performances Lists of local private teachersLists of local private teachers

(Thibeault, 2001)

World MusicWorld Music

BBC – Radio 3BBC – Radio 3

BBC – Radio 3 ReviewBBC – Radio 3 Review

http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/discoveringmusic/videolibrary/pix.shtml

Audience: High School to EducatorAudience: High School to Educator Features:Features:

Multimedia music listeningMultimedia music listening World music interactive mapWorld music interactive map GlossaryGlossary

FreeFree

Live-radio.netLive-radio.net

Live-radio.net ReviewLive-radio.net Review

http://www.live-radio.net/worldwide.shtml

Streaming radio from numerous Streaming radio from numerous countriescountries

FreeFree

Songs Indonesia.comSongs Indonesia.com

Songs Indonesia.com Songs Indonesia.com ReviewReview

http://songsindonesia.didiharyadi.com/

MIDI files of Indonesian songs by MIDI files of Indonesian songs by categorycategory

FreeFree

Dance Drummer.comDance Drummer.com

Dance Drummer.com Dance Drummer.com ReviewReview

http://www.dancedrummer.com/ Audience: Middle School to Audience: Middle School to

Video demonstrations of African Video demonstrations of African drummingdrumming

Descriptions of African drumsDescriptions of African drums FreeFree

Cora Connection.comCora Connection.com

Cora Connection.com Cora Connection.com ReviewReview

http://www.coraconnection.com/http://www.coraconnection.com/ Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:

Profiles of Gambian instrumentsProfiles of Gambian instruments Audio recordings of African musicAudio recordings of African music Products for saleProducts for sale

FreeFree

Washington.eduWashington.edu

Washington.edu ReviewWashington.edu Review

http://guides.lib.washington.edu/http://guides.lib.washington.edu/content.php?pid=58638&sid=429665content.php?pid=58638&sid=429665

Audience: Undergraduate to EducatorAudience: Undergraduate to Educator Features:Features:

Portal for ethnomusicology publications, Portal for ethnomusicology publications, recordings, and journalsrecordings, and journals

Free, some links restricted to loginFree, some links restricted to login

National Music MuseumNational Music Museum

National Music Museum National Music Museum ReviewReview

http://orgs.usd.edu/nmm/galleries.htmlhttp://orgs.usd.edu/nmm/galleries.html Audience: Middle School to EducatorAudience: Middle School to Educator Features:Features:

Virtual tour of the museumVirtual tour of the museum Instrument images by categoryInstrument images by category Instrument historyInstrument history Products for saleProducts for sale

FreeFree

Tools and ResourcesTools and Resources

Practicespot.comPracticespot.com

Practicespot.com ReviewPracticespot.com Review

http://www.practicespot.com/http://www.practicespot.com/ Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators FeaturesFeatures

ArticlesArticles Worksheet generatorsWorksheet generators Products for saleProducts for sale

FreeFree

Redhotjazz.comRedhotjazz.com

http://redhotjazz.com/http://redhotjazz.com/ Audience: Middle School to CollegeAudience: Middle School to College Features:Features:

Audio and video archives of countless Audio and video archives of countless mid-1900s jazz performancesmid-1900s jazz performances

Jazz Bios and essaysJazz Bios and essays Audio files are .ra, which use Audio files are .ra, which use

Realplayer: so get the free downloadRealplayer: so get the free download FreeFree

Free-ed.netFree-ed.net

http://www.free-ed.net/free-ed/http://www.free-ed.net/free-ed/humanities/music/music01_vod.asphumanities/music/music01_vod.asp

Audience: High School to CollegeAudience: High School to College Features:Features:

Online videos covering many aspects of Online videos covering many aspects of the music curriculumthe music curriculum

FreeFree

Looperman.comLooperman.com

http://www.looperman.com/loopshttp://www.looperman.com/loops Audience: Middle School to Audience: Middle School to

Loops for composing, mixing, or adding Loops for composing, mixing, or adding background texture to songsbackground texture to songs

FreeFree

Vicfirth.comVicfirth.com

http://www.vicfirth.com/education/http://www.vicfirth.com/education/ Audience: Middle School to Audience: Middle School to

Video lessons for percussionVideo lessons for percussion FreeFree

Arts Edge.comArts Edge.com

http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/educators.aspxeducators.aspx

Audience: Middle Elementary to Audience: Middle Elementary to EducatorEducator

Features:Features: Multimedia for teachers, families, and Multimedia for teachers, families, and

studentsstudents How-to links for teachers incorporating How-to links for teachers incorporating

technology and the artstechnology and the arts FreeFree

PTG.orgPTG.org

PTG.org ReviewPTG.org Review

http://http://www.ptg.org/scripts/4disapi.dll/4DCGI/cms/www.ptg.org/scripts/4disapi.dll/4DCGI/cms/review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=173&Time=-review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=173&Time=-359419401&MenuKey=Menu2 359419401&MenuKey=Menu2

Audience: Piano, High School to Audience: Piano, High School to EducatorEducator

Features:Features: LessonsLessons Physics of SoundPhysics of Sound WorksheetsWorksheets

FreeFree

Whole Note.comWhole Note.com

Whole Note.com ReviewWhole Note.com Review

http://www.wholenote.com/main.asphttp://www.wholenote.com/main.asp Audience: High School to EducatorAudience: High School to Educator Features:Features:

Guitar lessons for studentsGuitar lessons for students ComposersComposers ArticlesArticles ProductsProducts

FreeFree

Classical Music Classical Music NavigatorNavigator

Classical Music Navigator Classical Music Navigator ReviewReview

http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/music/index2.htmmusic/index2.htm

Audience: Undergraduate to EducatorAudience: Undergraduate to Educator Features:Features:

Composers by name and geographyComposers by name and geography Works by style and categoryWorks by style and category GlossaryGlossary

FreeFree

Dr. Estrella’s Incredibly Dr. Estrella’s Incredibly Abridged Dictionary of Abridged Dictionary of

ComposersComposers

Dr. Estrella’s Incredibly Dr. Estrella’s Incredibly Abridged Dictionary of Abridged Dictionary of

Composers ReviewComposers Review http://www.stevenestrella.com/http://www.stevenestrella.com/

composers/index.htmlcomposers/index.html Audience: High School to EducatorAudience: High School to Educator Features:Features:

Composer biographiesComposer biographies Links to products by composerLinks to products by composer

FreeFree

Naxos.comNaxos.com

Naxos.com ReviewNaxos.com Review

http://www.naxos.com/NewDesign/http://www.naxos.com/NewDesign/fglossary.files/bglossary.htmfglossary.files/bglossary.htm

Audience: High School to EducatorAudience: High School to Educator FeaturesFeatures

GlossaryGlossary Classical Music HistoryClassical Music History Performance attendance etiquette and Performance attendance etiquette and

tipstips Products for saleProducts for sale

FreeFree

MusicVT.eduMusicVT.edu

MusicVT.edu ReviewMusicVT.edu Review

http://www.music.vt.edu/http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/musicdictionary/

Audience: Middle School to Audience: Middle School to EducatorEducator

Features:Features: GlossaryGlossary Pronunciation audio filesPronunciation audio files

FreeFree

Sheet MusicSheet Music

Mutopiaproject.orgMutopiaproject.org

Mutopiaproject.org Mutopiaproject.org ReviewReview

http://www.mutopiaproject.org/http://www.mutopiaproject.org/ Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:

Public domain sheet musicPublic domain sheet music FreeFree

CPDL.orgCPDL.org

http://www1.cpdl.org/wiki/http://www1.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Pageindex.php/Main_Page

Public domain sheet musicPublic domain sheet music Searchable by multiple categoriesSearchable by multiple categories Available in multiple formatsAvailable in multiple formats

FreeFree

Sheetmusic1.comSheetmusic1.com

Sheetmusic1.com ReviewSheetmusic1.com Review

http://www.sheetmusic1.com/http://www.sheetmusic1.com/ Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:

Sheet music for saleSheet music for sale Products for saleProducts for sale

Free browsingFree browsing

Sibeliusmusic.comSibeliusmusic.com

Sibeliusmusic.com Sibeliusmusic.com ReviewReview

http://www.sibeliusmusic.com/http://www.sibeliusmusic.com/ Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:

Sheet music for saleSheet music for sale Free browsingFree browsing

Resource Portals for Further Resource Portals for Further ExplorationExploration

Music and HealthMusic and Health

Music and Health ReviewMusic and Health Review

http://www.musicandhealth.co.uk/http://www.musicandhealth.co.uk/default.htmldefault.html

Portal for Musicians’ HealthPortal for Musicians’ Health Portal for Biomechanics ArticlesPortal for Biomechanics Articles Portal for Piano TeachingPortal for Piano Teaching

FreeFree

Notation Station.netNotation Station.net

Notation Station.net Notation Station.net ReviewReview

http://www.notationstation.net/http://www.notationstation.net/ Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:

Portal for music theoryPortal for music theory Portal for music lessonsPortal for music lessons Portal for teacher homepagesPortal for teacher homepages

FreeFree

Music.indiana.eduMusic.indiana.edu

Music.indiana.edu Music.indiana.edu ReviewReview

http://library.music.indiana.edu/http://library.music.indiana.edu/music_resources/music_resources/

Audience: Undergraduate to Audience: Undergraduate to EducatorEducator

Features:Features: Portal for composers, performances, Portal for composers, performances,

research, journals, and other resourcesresearch, journals, and other resources FreeFree

Thebluehighway.comThebluehighway.com

http://www.thebluehighway.com/http://www.thebluehighway.com/blues/blues/

Audience: High School to EducatorAudience: High School to Educator Features:Features:

Portal for online blues resourcesPortal for online blues resources FreeFree

Parting ThoughtsParting Thoughts

““The full potential for learning technologies The full potential for learning technologies cannot be realized by merely automating cannot be realized by merely automating traditional models of teaching and learning. traditional models of teaching and learning. In other words, simply inserting technology In other words, simply inserting technology into our current general, instrumental, and into our current general, instrumental, and choral programs will result in only choral programs will result in only incremental gains in student learning” incremental gains in student learning” (Reese, 1999, p. 26). (Reese, 1999, p. 26).

Using instructional technologies presents Using instructional technologies presents the opportunity to transform the nature of the opportunity to transform the nature of teaching and learning!teaching and learning!

ReferencesReferences

ReferencesReferences Bauer, W. I. (2001). Using the internet to enhanceBauer, W. I. (2001). Using the internet to enhance

music teacher education. music teacher education. Journal of Music Teacher Education,Journal of Music Teacher Education,1111(1), 27-32.(1), 27-32.

Berz, W. L. & Bowman, J. (1995). An historical perspective onBerz, W. L. & Bowman, J. (1995). An historical perspective onresearch cycles in music computer-based technology. research cycles in music computer-based technology. BulletinBulletinof the Council for Research in Music Education, 126of the Council for Research in Music Education, 126 , 15-28., 15-28.

Hebert, D. G. (2008). Reflections on teaching the aesthetics Hebert, D. G. (2008). Reflections on teaching the aesthetics and and sociology of music online. sociology of music online. International Review of the International Review of the Aesthetics Aesthetics and Sociology of Music, 39and Sociology of Music, 39(1), 93-103.(1), 93-103.

Lange, B. R. (2001). Hypermedia and ethnomusicology. Lange, B. R. (2001). Hypermedia and ethnomusicology. Ethnomusicology, 45Ethnomusicology, 45(1), 132-149.(1), 132-149.

ReferencesReferences Mishra, J. (2004). Focusing internet searches for Mishra, J. (2004). Focusing internet searches for

world world music resources. music resources. General Music Today, 18General Music Today, 18(1), 40-43.(1), 40-43.

Reese, S. & Hickey, M. (1999). Internet-based music Reese, S. & Hickey, M. (1999). Internet-based music composition and music teacher education. composition and music teacher education. J.M.T.E.: Journal of Music Teacher Education, 9J.M.T.E.: Journal of Music Teacher Education, 9(1), (1), 25-32.25-32.

Thibeault, M. D. (2001). Sharing music programs Thibeault, M. D. (2001). Sharing music programs through the internet. through the internet. Teaching Music. 9Teaching Music. 9(1), 30-34.(1), 30-34.

Webster, P. (2002). Historical perspectives on Webster, P. (2002). Historical perspectives on technology and technology and music. music. Music Educators Journal, 89Music Educators Journal, 89(1), 38-43+54.(1), 38-43+54.

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