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Internet Internet TechnologyTechnology
In Music EducationIn Music Education
ContentsContents IntroductionIntroduction DevelopmentDevelopment National StandardsNational Standards 35 Web Site Reviews: Internet Resources35 Web Site Reviews: Internet Resources
Interactive LearningInteractive Learning Virtual Learning CommunitiesVirtual Learning Communities Design Your Own SiteDesign Your Own Site World MusicWorld Music Tools and ResourcesTools and Resources Sheet MusicSheet Music Resource PortalsResource Portals
ReferencesReferences
IntroductionIntroduction
IntroductionIntroduction
Greek roots of the word technology refer Greek roots of the word technology refer to the study of art, craft, or technique to the study of art, craft, or technique (Webster 2002).(Webster 2002).
How appropriate it is to use internet How appropriate it is to use internet technology to advance music education!technology to advance music education!
The following presentation reviews past The following presentation reviews past and current use of music technology.and current use of music technology.
Reviews of web sites focus upon Reviews of web sites focus upon application and interactivity of the application and interactivity of the content.content.
DevelopmentDevelopment
DevelopmentDevelopment
A quick overview of the use of A quick overview of the use of technology for instructional technology for instructional purposes helps ground our purposes helps ground our understanding of classroom uses, understanding of classroom uses, past, present, and future!past, present, and future!
Note the progression from Note the progression from programmed instruction to programmed instruction to interactive instruction and interactive instruction and independent learning.independent learning.
(Berz, 1995)
1950: Earliest Uses1950: Earliest Uses Computers were not typically intended Computers were not typically intended
for educational use.for educational use. Purposes included calculating missile Purposes included calculating missile
trajectories.trajectories. However, the technology industry However, the technology industry
developed programs to train its own developed programs to train its own personnel.personnel.
Computing field of Artificial Intelligence Computing field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) research develops under Alan (AI) research develops under Alan Turing and Claude Shannon.Turing and Claude Shannon.
(Berz, 1995)
Researchers study the possibilities Researchers study the possibilities of computer-assisted instruction of computer-assisted instruction (CAI).(CAI).
Uses are primarily restricted to Uses are primarily restricted to programmed instruction delivered programmed instruction delivered by computer.by computer.
1970: SCHOLAR, the first intelligent 1970: SCHOLAR, the first intelligent tutoring system is introduced.tutoring system is introduced.
1965-1978: Mainframe 1965-1978: Mainframe PeriodPeriod
(Berz, 1995)
1978-1989: 1978-1989: Microcomputer PeriodMicrocomputer Period
1978: Apple II released1978: Apple II released 1981: IBM-PC released1981: IBM-PC released 1984: Macintosh released1984: Macintosh released The development of personal The development of personal
computers allows the proliferation of computers allows the proliferation of computer technology in the home computer technology in the home and classroom.and classroom.
(Berz, 1995)
1989-1993: Emerging 1989-1993: Emerging TechnologiesTechnologies
Hypermedia, Artificial Intelligence, and Virtual Hypermedia, Artificial Intelligence, and Virtual Reality become more instructionally flexible.Reality become more instructionally flexible.
Hypermedia is the use of “links” to connect Hypermedia is the use of “links” to connect information.information. Today, it is commonly used on the Web to view more Today, it is commonly used on the Web to view more
detailed text, images, audio, video, or to go to a new detailed text, images, audio, video, or to go to a new web site.web site.
Virtual Reality, coined in 1989, refers to Virtual Reality, coined in 1989, refers to computer-based experiences conveyed computer-based experiences conveyed electronically such that senses are engaged electronically such that senses are engaged primarily in the electronic presentation rather primarily in the electronic presentation rather than the immediate environment.than the immediate environment.
1994-2010: Technology in 1994-2010: Technology in CurriculumCurriculum
1994: Following development of National 1994: Following development of National Standards in Music Education, MENC Standards in Music Education, MENC publishes “Opportunity-to-Learn” publishes “Opportunity-to-Learn” standards, including references tostandards, including references to Computers, software, MIDI equipment, CD-Computers, software, MIDI equipment, CD-
ROMs, and other resourcesROMs, and other resources Researchers note that new models, Researchers note that new models,
techniques, strategies, and even techniques, strategies, and even philosophies must develop with the new philosophies must develop with the new technologies (Berz, 1995; Hebert, 2008; technologies (Berz, 1995; Hebert, 2008; Lange, 2001). Lange, 2001).
1994-2010: Technology in 1994-2010: Technology in CurriculumCurriculum
1999: MENC publishes the 1999: MENC publishes the addendum, “Opportunity-to-Learn addendum, “Opportunity-to-Learn Standards for Music Technology”Standards for Music Technology”
2001: Despite growing awareness 2001: Despite growing awareness and use of technology for teachers’ and use of technology for teachers’ own learning and correspondence, own learning and correspondence, these same technologies were not these same technologies were not integrated into the classroom for integrated into the classroom for student learning (Bauer, 2001). student learning (Bauer, 2001).
National National StandardsStandards
National StandardsNational Standards
Singing, playing instruments, Singing, playing instruments, improvisingimprovising are assisted through are assisted through tools in music theory, piano tools in music theory, piano pedagogy, music history, sheet pedagogy, music history, sheet music, virtual learning centers, music, virtual learning centers, practice-and-drill sites, and injury practice-and-drill sites, and injury prevention.prevention.
National StandardsNational Standards
Composing, reading, notating, and Composing, reading, notating, and listeninglistening standards are supported standards are supported through computer assisted through computer assisted instruction, distance learning, instruction, distance learning, electronic encyclopedias, and online electronic encyclopedias, and online mentoring.mentoring.
National StandardsNational Standards
Evaluating, understanding relationships Evaluating, understanding relationships among other disciplines, and among other disciplines, and understanding music history and cultureunderstanding music history and culture are particularly assisted by social are particularly assisted by social networking aspects online: course-based networking aspects online: course-based e-discussions, direct contact with e-discussions, direct contact with musicians and scholars, viewing musicians and scholars, viewing performances and rehearsals, and musical performances and rehearsals, and musical life in all parts of the world (Bauer, 2001; life in all parts of the world (Bauer, 2001; Hebert, 2008; Mishra, 2004).Hebert, 2008; Mishra, 2004).
Web Site ReviewsWeb Site Reviews
Interactive LearningInteractive Learning
Musictheory.netMusictheory.net
Musictheory.net ReviewMusictheory.net Review
http://www.musictheory.net/ Audience: Upper elementary to Audience: Upper elementary to
EducatorEducator Features:Features:
Online Interactive LessonsOnline Interactive Lessons Online Interactive ExercisesOnline Interactive Exercises Interactive theory and performance toolsInteractive theory and performance tools
FreeFree
Emusictheory.comEmusictheory.com
Emusictheory.com Emusictheory.com ReviewReview
http://www.emusictheory.com/freeResources.html
Audience: Upper elementary to Audience: Upper elementary to EducatorEducator
Features:Features: Online Interactive ExercisesOnline Interactive Exercises Interactive theory toolsInteractive theory tools
Free (online tab) or by subscriptionFree (online tab) or by subscription
Pedaplus.comPedaplus.com
Pedaplus.com ReviewPedaplus.com Review
http://www.pedaplus.com/ Audience: Piano, upper elementary to Audience: Piano, upper elementary to
EducatorEducator Features:Features:
RepertoireRepertoire ArticlesArticles WorksheetsWorksheets Interactive gamesInteractive games Products for saleProducts for sale
FreeFree
Smartmusic.comSmartmusic.com
Smartmusic.com ReviewSmartmusic.com Review
http://www.smartmusic.com/ Audience: Upper Elementary to EducatorAudience: Upper Elementary to Educator Features:Features:
Online RepertoireOnline Repertoire Online RecordingOnline Recording Online AssessmentOnline Assessment Online Ear TrainingOnline Ear Training
Annual subscription: $36 student, $140 Annual subscription: $36 student, $140 teacherteacher
Web Site ReviewsWeb Site Reviews
Virtual Learning Virtual Learning CommunitiesCommunities
Music Composition Music Composition Online Mentoring Online Mentoring
ProgramProgram
Music Composition Music Composition Online Mentoring Online Mentoring
ProgramProgram http://www.music-comp.org/ Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:
Example of virtual learning community Example of virtual learning community between upper elementary students and between upper elementary students and composer mentorscomposer mentors
Also contains video files designed to help Also contains video files designed to help students compose on Orff instrumentsstudents compose on Orff instruments
Free browsing, subscription needed for Free browsing, subscription needed for postingposting
Danman’s Music.comDanman’s Music.com
Danman’s Music.com Danman’s Music.com ReviewReview
http://www.danmansmusic.com/ Audience: Undergraduate, Audience: Undergraduate,
Educators, and ParentsEducators, and Parents Features:Features:
Video LessonsVideo Lessons Lesson PlansLesson Plans Products for saleProducts for sale
SubscriptionSubscription
SkypeSkype
SkypeSkype
http://www.skype.com/intl/en-us/home
Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:
Videoconferencing software permits Videoconferencing software permits distance studiodistance studio
FreeFree
Design Your Own Design Your Own SiteSite
Your Web Site Should Your Web Site Should Include:Include:
Advocacy for the music programAdvocacy for the music program Student work via MP3 files is a primary draw Student work via MP3 files is a primary draw
to the siteto the site However, discuss and maintain student privacy as However, discuss and maintain student privacy as
necessary for your school community.necessary for your school community. Resource informationResource information Calendar and concert information for parentsCalendar and concert information for parents Groups to join such as youth choirs and Groups to join such as youth choirs and
string orchestrasstring orchestras High-quality local performancesHigh-quality local performances Lists of local private teachersLists of local private teachers
(Thibeault, 2001)
Web Site ReviewsWeb Site Reviews
World MusicWorld Music
BBC – Radio 3BBC – Radio 3
BBC – Radio 3 ReviewBBC – Radio 3 Review
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio3/discoveringmusic/videolibrary/pix.shtml
Audience: High School to EducatorAudience: High School to Educator Features:Features:
Multimedia music listeningMultimedia music listening World music interactive mapWorld music interactive map GlossaryGlossary
FreeFree
Live-radio.netLive-radio.net
Live-radio.net ReviewLive-radio.net Review
http://www.live-radio.net/worldwide.shtml
Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:
Streaming radio from numerous Streaming radio from numerous countriescountries
FreeFree
Songs Indonesia.comSongs Indonesia.com
Songs Indonesia.com Songs Indonesia.com ReviewReview
http://songsindonesia.didiharyadi.com/
Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:
MIDI files of Indonesian songs by MIDI files of Indonesian songs by categorycategory
FreeFree
Dance Drummer.comDance Drummer.com
Dance Drummer.com Dance Drummer.com ReviewReview
http://www.dancedrummer.com/ Audience: Middle School to Audience: Middle School to
EducatorEducator Features:Features:
Video demonstrations of African Video demonstrations of African drummingdrumming
Descriptions of African drumsDescriptions of African drums FreeFree
Cora Connection.comCora Connection.com
Cora Connection.com Cora Connection.com ReviewReview
http://www.coraconnection.com/http://www.coraconnection.com/ Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:
Profiles of Gambian instrumentsProfiles of Gambian instruments Audio recordings of African musicAudio recordings of African music Products for saleProducts for sale
FreeFree
Washington.eduWashington.edu
Washington.edu ReviewWashington.edu Review
http://guides.lib.washington.edu/http://guides.lib.washington.edu/content.php?pid=58638&sid=429665content.php?pid=58638&sid=429665
Audience: Undergraduate to EducatorAudience: Undergraduate to Educator Features:Features:
Portal for ethnomusicology publications, Portal for ethnomusicology publications, recordings, and journalsrecordings, and journals
Free, some links restricted to loginFree, some links restricted to login
National Music MuseumNational Music Museum
National Music Museum National Music Museum ReviewReview
http://orgs.usd.edu/nmm/galleries.htmlhttp://orgs.usd.edu/nmm/galleries.html Audience: Middle School to EducatorAudience: Middle School to Educator Features:Features:
Virtual tour of the museumVirtual tour of the museum Instrument images by categoryInstrument images by category Instrument historyInstrument history Products for saleProducts for sale
FreeFree
Web Site ReviewsWeb Site Reviews
Tools and ResourcesTools and Resources
Practicespot.comPracticespot.com
Practicespot.com ReviewPracticespot.com Review
http://www.practicespot.com/http://www.practicespot.com/ Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators FeaturesFeatures
ArticlesArticles Worksheet generatorsWorksheet generators Products for saleProducts for sale
FreeFree
Redhotjazz.comRedhotjazz.com
Redhotjazz.comRedhotjazz.com
http://redhotjazz.com/http://redhotjazz.com/ Audience: Middle School to CollegeAudience: Middle School to College Features:Features:
Audio and video archives of countless Audio and video archives of countless mid-1900s jazz performancesmid-1900s jazz performances
Jazz Bios and essaysJazz Bios and essays Audio files are .ra, which use Audio files are .ra, which use
Realplayer: so get the free downloadRealplayer: so get the free download FreeFree
Free-ed.netFree-ed.net
Free-ed.netFree-ed.net
http://www.free-ed.net/free-ed/http://www.free-ed.net/free-ed/humanities/music/music01_vod.asphumanities/music/music01_vod.asp
Audience: High School to CollegeAudience: High School to College Features:Features:
Online videos covering many aspects of Online videos covering many aspects of the music curriculumthe music curriculum
FreeFree
Looperman.comLooperman.com
Looperman.comLooperman.com
http://www.looperman.com/loopshttp://www.looperman.com/loops Audience: Middle School to Audience: Middle School to
EducatorEducator Features:Features:
Loops for composing, mixing, or adding Loops for composing, mixing, or adding background texture to songsbackground texture to songs
FreeFree
Vicfirth.comVicfirth.com
Vicfirth.comVicfirth.com
http://www.vicfirth.com/education/http://www.vicfirth.com/education/ Audience: Middle School to Audience: Middle School to
EducatorEducator Features:Features:
Video lessons for percussionVideo lessons for percussion FreeFree
Arts Edge.comArts Edge.com
Arts Edge.comArts Edge.com
http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/educators.aspxeducators.aspx
Audience: Middle Elementary to Audience: Middle Elementary to EducatorEducator
Features:Features: Multimedia for teachers, families, and Multimedia for teachers, families, and
studentsstudents How-to links for teachers incorporating How-to links for teachers incorporating
technology and the artstechnology and the arts FreeFree
PTG.orgPTG.org
PTG.org ReviewPTG.org Review
http://http://www.ptg.org/scripts/4disapi.dll/4DCGI/cms/www.ptg.org/scripts/4disapi.dll/4DCGI/cms/review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=173&Time=-review.html?Action=CMS_Document&DocID=173&Time=-359419401&MenuKey=Menu2 359419401&MenuKey=Menu2
Audience: Piano, High School to Audience: Piano, High School to EducatorEducator
Features:Features: LessonsLessons Physics of SoundPhysics of Sound WorksheetsWorksheets
FreeFree
Whole Note.comWhole Note.com
Whole Note.com ReviewWhole Note.com Review
http://www.wholenote.com/main.asphttp://www.wholenote.com/main.asp Audience: High School to EducatorAudience: High School to Educator Features:Features:
Guitar lessons for studentsGuitar lessons for students ComposersComposers ArticlesArticles ProductsProducts
FreeFree
Classical Music Classical Music NavigatorNavigator
Classical Music Navigator Classical Music Navigator ReviewReview
http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/music/index2.htmmusic/index2.htm
Audience: Undergraduate to EducatorAudience: Undergraduate to Educator Features:Features:
Composers by name and geographyComposers by name and geography Works by style and categoryWorks by style and category GlossaryGlossary
FreeFree
Dr. Estrella’s Incredibly Dr. Estrella’s Incredibly Abridged Dictionary of Abridged Dictionary of
ComposersComposers
Dr. Estrella’s Incredibly Dr. Estrella’s Incredibly Abridged Dictionary of Abridged Dictionary of
Composers ReviewComposers Review http://www.stevenestrella.com/http://www.stevenestrella.com/
composers/index.htmlcomposers/index.html Audience: High School to EducatorAudience: High School to Educator Features:Features:
Composer biographiesComposer biographies Links to products by composerLinks to products by composer
FreeFree
Naxos.comNaxos.com
Naxos.com ReviewNaxos.com Review
http://www.naxos.com/NewDesign/http://www.naxos.com/NewDesign/fglossary.files/bglossary.htmfglossary.files/bglossary.htm
Audience: High School to EducatorAudience: High School to Educator FeaturesFeatures
GlossaryGlossary Classical Music HistoryClassical Music History Performance attendance etiquette and Performance attendance etiquette and
tipstips Products for saleProducts for sale
FreeFree
MusicVT.eduMusicVT.edu
MusicVT.edu ReviewMusicVT.edu Review
http://www.music.vt.edu/http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/musicdictionary/
Audience: Middle School to Audience: Middle School to EducatorEducator
Features:Features: GlossaryGlossary Pronunciation audio filesPronunciation audio files
FreeFree
Web Site ReviewsWeb Site Reviews
Sheet MusicSheet Music
Mutopiaproject.orgMutopiaproject.org
Mutopiaproject.org Mutopiaproject.org ReviewReview
http://www.mutopiaproject.org/http://www.mutopiaproject.org/ Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:
Public domain sheet musicPublic domain sheet music FreeFree
CPDL.orgCPDL.org
CPDL.orgCPDL.org
http://www1.cpdl.org/wiki/http://www1.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Pageindex.php/Main_Page
Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:
Public domain sheet musicPublic domain sheet music Searchable by multiple categoriesSearchable by multiple categories Available in multiple formatsAvailable in multiple formats
FreeFree
Sheetmusic1.comSheetmusic1.com
Sheetmusic1.com ReviewSheetmusic1.com Review
http://www.sheetmusic1.com/http://www.sheetmusic1.com/ Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:
Sheet music for saleSheet music for sale Products for saleProducts for sale
Free browsingFree browsing
Sibeliusmusic.comSibeliusmusic.com
Sibeliusmusic.com Sibeliusmusic.com ReviewReview
http://www.sibeliusmusic.com/http://www.sibeliusmusic.com/ Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:
Sheet music for saleSheet music for sale Free browsingFree browsing
Web Site ReviewsWeb Site Reviews
Resource Portals for Further Resource Portals for Further ExplorationExploration
Music and HealthMusic and Health
Music and Health ReviewMusic and Health Review
http://www.musicandhealth.co.uk/http://www.musicandhealth.co.uk/default.htmldefault.html
Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:
Portal for Musicians’ HealthPortal for Musicians’ Health Portal for Biomechanics ArticlesPortal for Biomechanics Articles Portal for Piano TeachingPortal for Piano Teaching
FreeFree
Notation Station.netNotation Station.net
Notation Station.net Notation Station.net ReviewReview
http://www.notationstation.net/http://www.notationstation.net/ Audience: EducatorsAudience: Educators Features:Features:
Portal for music theoryPortal for music theory Portal for music lessonsPortal for music lessons Portal for teacher homepagesPortal for teacher homepages
FreeFree
Music.indiana.eduMusic.indiana.edu
Music.indiana.edu Music.indiana.edu ReviewReview
http://library.music.indiana.edu/http://library.music.indiana.edu/music_resources/music_resources/
Audience: Undergraduate to Audience: Undergraduate to EducatorEducator
Features:Features: Portal for composers, performances, Portal for composers, performances,
research, journals, and other resourcesresearch, journals, and other resources FreeFree
Thebluehighway.comThebluehighway.com
Thebluehighway.comThebluehighway.com
http://www.thebluehighway.com/http://www.thebluehighway.com/blues/blues/
Audience: High School to EducatorAudience: High School to Educator Features:Features:
Portal for online blues resourcesPortal for online blues resources FreeFree
Parting ThoughtsParting Thoughts
Parting ThoughtsParting Thoughts
““The full potential for learning technologies The full potential for learning technologies cannot be realized by merely automating cannot be realized by merely automating traditional models of teaching and learning. traditional models of teaching and learning. In other words, simply inserting technology In other words, simply inserting technology into our current general, instrumental, and into our current general, instrumental, and choral programs will result in only choral programs will result in only incremental gains in student learning” incremental gains in student learning” (Reese, 1999, p. 26). (Reese, 1999, p. 26).
Using instructional technologies presents Using instructional technologies presents the opportunity to transform the nature of the opportunity to transform the nature of teaching and learning!teaching and learning!
ReferencesReferences
ReferencesReferences Bauer, W. I. (2001). Using the internet to enhanceBauer, W. I. (2001). Using the internet to enhance
music teacher education. music teacher education. Journal of Music Teacher Education,Journal of Music Teacher Education,1111(1), 27-32.(1), 27-32.
Berz, W. L. & Bowman, J. (1995). An historical perspective onBerz, W. L. & Bowman, J. (1995). An historical perspective onresearch cycles in music computer-based technology. research cycles in music computer-based technology. BulletinBulletinof the Council for Research in Music Education, 126of the Council for Research in Music Education, 126 , 15-28., 15-28.
Hebert, D. G. (2008). Reflections on teaching the aesthetics Hebert, D. G. (2008). Reflections on teaching the aesthetics and and sociology of music online. sociology of music online. International Review of the International Review of the Aesthetics Aesthetics and Sociology of Music, 39and Sociology of Music, 39(1), 93-103.(1), 93-103.
Lange, B. R. (2001). Hypermedia and ethnomusicology. Lange, B. R. (2001). Hypermedia and ethnomusicology. Ethnomusicology, 45Ethnomusicology, 45(1), 132-149.(1), 132-149.
ReferencesReferences Mishra, J. (2004). Focusing internet searches for Mishra, J. (2004). Focusing internet searches for
world world music resources. music resources. General Music Today, 18General Music Today, 18(1), 40-43.(1), 40-43.
Reese, S. & Hickey, M. (1999). Internet-based music Reese, S. & Hickey, M. (1999). Internet-based music composition and music teacher education. composition and music teacher education. J.M.T.E.: Journal of Music Teacher Education, 9J.M.T.E.: Journal of Music Teacher Education, 9(1), (1), 25-32.25-32.
Thibeault, M. D. (2001). Sharing music programs Thibeault, M. D. (2001). Sharing music programs through the internet. through the internet. Teaching Music. 9Teaching Music. 9(1), 30-34.(1), 30-34.
Webster, P. (2002). Historical perspectives on Webster, P. (2002). Historical perspectives on technology and technology and music. music. Music Educators Journal, 89Music Educators Journal, 89(1), 38-43+54.(1), 38-43+54.