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Introduction
General Manager - Smartgrid Solution ( India & Middle East Region)
Schnneider Electric
Smartgrid Ambassador & Member India Smartgrid Forum [ISGF]
20 + Years in Delivering Advanced Utility Solution
3 3
Topics
> Power Sector in India
> Challenges faced by Indian Utilities
> Distributed Energy Resources
> Challenges
> Solutions
Schneider Electric – Internal Use Only 5
Power Situation in India – At a Glance • Indian power system is today one of the largest synchronous grids in the world – 257 GW installed Capacity, >3 million
SqKM Lines, >200 million consumers
• Largely dominated by government owned utilities (central and states – 29 states and 7 union territories own majority of
power utilities); private sector role is about 27% in generation, <1% in transmission and about 5% in distribution
• Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) and State Regulatory Commissions (SERCs) decided Tariff and CAPEX
approvals
• Transmission Grid in India is one of the largest in the world:
o 765kV/400kV lines: ~1,03,000 ckms; 220kV lines: ~132,000 ckms
o HVDC Bipole (±500kV): 7,500 ckms – 3 nos; HVDC Back-to-back: 7 nos (3000MW)
o Now building 1200 kV AC and 800kV HVDC networks
o Most modern control centers – 5 regional control centers , 1 national control center, 1 back-up national control
center
• Distribution Sector:
o Very high T&D losses – about 26.5% nationally (>40% in many states!)
o 400 million+ people have no access to power
o Large parts of the country experiences power cuts for several hours every day – customers keep storage
o Power quality being poor, consumers require voltage stabilizers, UPS, Inverters etc
Generation THERMAL Nuclear Renewable Total
Coal Gas Diesel Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar Bio Total
State 56 7 0.6 0 31 94
Private 54 9 0.6 0 03 21 3 4 93
Central 46 7 0.0 6 11 70
Total 156 23 1.2 6 45 21 3 4 257
Total Installed
Capacity (In GW)
Schneider Electric – Internal Use Only 6
Power Sector Challenges 79 million households are yet to be electrified even after 67 years of Independence
High Transmission(> 7%) and Distribution (>26%) losses
Estimated demand is 900 GW by 2032 that is 4 time that of now (257 GW).
Load Shed & Power Cuts are part of life affecting Industrial, Social, Health & Education
Power Suppliers incur 10 BEuro Losses per Year which piled up to 35 B Euro already
Common man has to pay HIGH tariff because of Theft, Technical & Financial Losses
Large Dependence on Captive Power Backups
Per capita consumption is ¼ of world average.
70 % of 148 GW Hydro Potential is UNTAPPED. 50 GW untapped only from North East.
Only 2.7 GW out of 300 GW of Solar & 21 GW out of 102 GW of Wind Potential installed
7 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
DER – Growth Drivers
National Smartgrid Mission (NSGM)
Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS)
MoUD Smartcity Development (SmartCity)
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM)
Schneider Electric 8 - Energy – September 2010
National Smart Grid Mission (NGGM) NSGM Layout Focused Action
• On 27th March 2015 MoP issue
memorandum on NSGM.
• 9800 MINR (140 ME Outlay for
2015-17 as initial phase ( in 12th
Plan)
• 20 Cities would be eligible for grant
in 12th Plan. More Cities in Future.
● Deployment of Smart Meters & AMI
● Substation renovation and Modernization
● Gas Insulated Substations
● Development of Medium sized Micro Grids
● Developments of Distributed Generation –
Roof Top Solar PV
● Real Time Monitoring and Control of DTs
● Provision of Harmonic Filters and Power
Quality improvements Majors
● Creation of EV Charging Infrastructure to
support EV Proliferation NSGM would be officially launched by
MoP in Jun -2015
Schneider Electric 9 - Energy – September 2010
India “Smartgrid” Roadmap for Distribution Utility
Roadmap 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Quality Power to All
Power to 100% houses
24/7 Power on Demand
SG Pilots (Limited Area)
SG Pilots ( Entire City)
Smartgrid Full Roll Out
Indigenous Smart Meter
AMI for >20KW Load
AMI for >2KW Load
Optical Fiber Network
Reduction Losses <15%
Reduction Losses <10%
Microgrids <200 Village
Microgrids 1000 Village
Schneider Electric 10 - Energy – September 2010
Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS)
IPDS Layout
• 4.6 BE scheme to strengthen the
Power Distribution in Urban Area
beyond R-APDRP Towns
• Remaining Budget of R-APDRP is
carried forward to IPDS
• 24x7 Power to all and reduction of
the AT&C losses are the Primary
focus Reas
R-APDRP Subsumed in IPDS
● New Smartgrid Technologies
● GAS Substation & Automation
● ERP Integration
● AMI Smart meters in SCADA Towns
● IT Integration of Non – APDRP Towns
● Roof Top Solar & Netmetering
● Optical Fiber
● Online Condition Monitoring
● Voltage Regulation, Reacting Power
Management, Power Factor Management,
Transformer Loading etc
Scope Highlight
11 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Distributed Energy Resources (DER)
Requirement
Challenges
Solution
12
DER
• Inability of the conventional Generator to meet the demand and emergence of new Smaller Generation Technologies, such as Solar, Wind & Storage have opened the new opportunities for on-site power generation for the electricity users. •Change is regulatory and operational philosophy of traditional utilities are also encouraging the growth of DERs. • DER’s located near the loads have emerged as a promising option for demand management using reliable and quality power supply.
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DER
DERs are LV/MV power systems in which generation elements are co-located with end use loads, regardless of the aggregated generation capacity or grid Interconnection. DERs can operate either Island mode (MICROGRID) or to interconnected to the MV grid. Though, when DERs are connected to MV grid, it helps is maintaining the “Availability” but at the same time posses challenge to Grid Operator in Managing the Grid in terms of Reliability & Power Quality
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DER Technologies
Generation
Technology
Application Size Site Footprint
(Area/KW)
Reliability Primary Sitting
Issues
Microgrid
Application
Fuel Cell 4KW to 1MW Good Still maturing but
potentially excellent Fuel Supply
Residential,
Commercial and
Industrial
Wind Turbines Better economics
for >1MW sizes Poor
Intermittent resources :
good realization with
storage option
Resource availability,
Area per KW is high
Utility application
(with storage
options)
Micro-Turbines < 500 KW Good Still maturing but
potentially excellent
Noise, fuel supply
and emissions
Commercial,
Industrial and Utility
application
Photovoltaic
All Sizes Possible
(less than 10KW
most common)
Poor
Intermittent resources :
good realization with
storage option
Resource availability,
Area per KW is high
Residential,
Commercial,
Industrial and Utility
applications with
storage options
Combustion
Turbine > 1MW Excellent Excellent
Noise, fuel supply
and emissions
Larger Commercial,
Industrial and Utility
Application
IC Engines ALL DG Sizes Good Very Good
Noise, fuel supply
and emissions
Commercial,
Industrial and Utility
Application
15 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric 15
Reliability
> Intermittent Generation with
Fluctuating behavior
> Bi Directional Flows
> Fast Islanding
> Demand Response
> Fault Management
Power Quality
> Voltage Fluctuations
> Pick Load Management
> Reactive Power Compensation
> Harmonic Distortion & Power
Oscillations
Challenges posed by DER
Smart Metering
Plug ability
VAR
Compensation
Smart Transformers
Fault ride through & recovery
Power Flow Management
Fault Detection Isolation
and Restoration
Management of
connection to the Grid
Demand Response
Load Sharing
Energy Storage
and Optimization
Asset Management
Optimal
Switching
reconfiguration
Analytics and
Decision support
Fast Load
Shedding
Power
Trading
&
Planning Forecast and Scheduling
Sotage
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Improvement in MV Grid to Better integrate DER
Advanced Utility
Solutions
Asset Management System Distribution Management system &
Outage Management Accurate Forecasting
Self Healing Grid Online Condition Monitoring
Protection and
Control Layer
Supervisory Control
And Data Acquisition
(SCADA)
Energy Management
System (EMS) Protection Relays Load Controllers
Power Network
Layer
Transformers Switches Power Conditioning
Equipments Line Reactors
Static VAR
Compensators
Microsource
Layer
Photo Voltaic
Cells Wind Gneration Micro Turbines Battery Banks IC Engines
Metering Layer Smart Meters & Smart Devices Onsite Display Device
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DER Integration
DISCOM
Microgrid
Network-1
Breaker
Microturbine Fuel
Cell
PV
Module
Battery
Bank
Transformer
Breaker
Critical
Loads
Non Critical
Loads
Microgrid Control system
Microgrid
Network-2
Breaker to
facilitate
Islanding
PV
Module
Battery
Bank
Non Critical
Loads
Transformer
Power conditioning equipments
Non conventional
energy sources
Diverse load
entities
ADMS Operation
by central system
Industry
Commercial
Complex DG
Power Conditioning equipments
DISCOM
Renewable
energy sources
Grid Connect Mode – Microgrid is electrically connected to the main MV network either being
supplied by this network or injecting back power into the main MV grid.
Islanding Mode – This is a strategic mode of operation from the perspective of Microgrid operation
like if there are failures in the Grid or operator wants to operate Microgrid for some desirable
reasons like economy, efficiency and energy export etc.
Microgrid should have the ability to operate in an isolated mode to protect the local load continuity.
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DER Control Methods
Inverters can provide the control and flexibility required for plug & play functionally.
DER control methods ensures:
• Independent control of real and reactive power
• Addition of new DER’s like plug & play without much modification in the existing network
• Islanding - Quick & seamless disconnection of the loads from the faulty grid bus
• Fault ride through and Load following speed of the DER’s to meet the dynamic load requirements
20 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric
Conclusion
> DER is the Reality & Need of Today and we can’t avoid it. We
need to deploy the advanced solutions & technologies to better
integrate it by taking care of
- Reliability (Intermittent Power, Demand Response )
- Quality ( Active, Reactive, Voltage , Load shedding, Fast Islanding)
- Regulation (Net Metering, Tariff Policy)
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