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How to Improve the MV Grid to Better

Integrate DER

Nice, 11th Jun-2015

Sandeep PATHAK,

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Introduction

General Manager - Smartgrid Solution ( India & Middle East Region)

Schnneider Electric

Smartgrid Ambassador & Member India Smartgrid Forum [ISGF]

20 + Years in Delivering Advanced Utility Solution

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Topics

> Power Sector in India

> Challenges faced by Indian Utilities

> Distributed Energy Resources

> Challenges

> Solutions

4 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric

Power Sector – India

Schneider Electric – Internal Use Only 5

Power Situation in India – At a Glance • Indian power system is today one of the largest synchronous grids in the world – 257 GW installed Capacity, >3 million

SqKM Lines, >200 million consumers

• Largely dominated by government owned utilities (central and states – 29 states and 7 union territories own majority of

power utilities); private sector role is about 27% in generation, <1% in transmission and about 5% in distribution

• Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) and State Regulatory Commissions (SERCs) decided Tariff and CAPEX

approvals

• Transmission Grid in India is one of the largest in the world:

o 765kV/400kV lines: ~1,03,000 ckms; 220kV lines: ~132,000 ckms

o HVDC Bipole (±500kV): 7,500 ckms – 3 nos; HVDC Back-to-back: 7 nos (3000MW)

o Now building 1200 kV AC and 800kV HVDC networks

o Most modern control centers – 5 regional control centers , 1 national control center, 1 back-up national control

center

• Distribution Sector:

o Very high T&D losses – about 26.5% nationally (>40% in many states!)

o 400 million+ people have no access to power

o Large parts of the country experiences power cuts for several hours every day – customers keep storage

o Power quality being poor, consumers require voltage stabilizers, UPS, Inverters etc

Generation THERMAL Nuclear Renewable Total

Coal Gas Diesel Nuclear Hydro Wind Solar Bio Total

State 56 7 0.6 0 31 94

Private 54 9 0.6 0 03 21 3 4 93

Central 46 7 0.0 6 11 70

Total 156 23 1.2 6 45 21 3 4 257

Total Installed

Capacity (In GW)

Schneider Electric – Internal Use Only 6

Power Sector Challenges 79 million households are yet to be electrified even after 67 years of Independence

High Transmission(> 7%) and Distribution (>26%) losses

Estimated demand is 900 GW by 2032 that is 4 time that of now (257 GW).

Load Shed & Power Cuts are part of life affecting Industrial, Social, Health & Education

Power Suppliers incur 10 BEuro Losses per Year which piled up to 35 B Euro already

Common man has to pay HIGH tariff because of Theft, Technical & Financial Losses

Large Dependence on Captive Power Backups

Per capita consumption is ¼ of world average.

70 % of 148 GW Hydro Potential is UNTAPPED. 50 GW untapped only from North East.

Only 2.7 GW out of 300 GW of Solar & 21 GW out of 102 GW of Wind Potential installed

7 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric

DER – Growth Drivers

National Smartgrid Mission (NSGM)

Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS)

MoUD Smartcity Development (SmartCity)

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM)

Schneider Electric 8 - Energy – September 2010

National Smart Grid Mission (NGGM) NSGM Layout Focused Action

• On 27th March 2015 MoP issue

memorandum on NSGM.

• 9800 MINR (140 ME Outlay for

2015-17 as initial phase ( in 12th

Plan)

• 20 Cities would be eligible for grant

in 12th Plan. More Cities in Future.

● Deployment of Smart Meters & AMI

● Substation renovation and Modernization

● Gas Insulated Substations

● Development of Medium sized Micro Grids

● Developments of Distributed Generation –

Roof Top Solar PV

● Real Time Monitoring and Control of DTs

● Provision of Harmonic Filters and Power

Quality improvements Majors

● Creation of EV Charging Infrastructure to

support EV Proliferation NSGM would be officially launched by

MoP in Jun -2015

Schneider Electric 9 - Energy – September 2010

India “Smartgrid” Roadmap for Distribution Utility

Roadmap 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Quality Power to All

Power to 100% houses

24/7 Power on Demand

SG Pilots (Limited Area)

SG Pilots ( Entire City)

Smartgrid Full Roll Out

Indigenous Smart Meter

AMI for >20KW Load

AMI for >2KW Load

Optical Fiber Network

Reduction Losses <15%

Reduction Losses <10%

Microgrids <200 Village

Microgrids 1000 Village

Schneider Electric 10 - Energy – September 2010

Integrated Power Development Scheme (IPDS)

IPDS Layout

• 4.6 BE scheme to strengthen the

Power Distribution in Urban Area

beyond R-APDRP Towns

• Remaining Budget of R-APDRP is

carried forward to IPDS

• 24x7 Power to all and reduction of

the AT&C losses are the Primary

focus Reas

R-APDRP Subsumed in IPDS

● New Smartgrid Technologies

● GAS Substation & Automation

● ERP Integration

● AMI Smart meters in SCADA Towns

● IT Integration of Non – APDRP Towns

● Roof Top Solar & Netmetering

● Optical Fiber

● Online Condition Monitoring

● Voltage Regulation, Reacting Power

Management, Power Factor Management,

Transformer Loading etc

Scope Highlight

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Distributed Energy Resources (DER)

Requirement

Challenges

Solution

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DER

• Inability of the conventional Generator to meet the demand and emergence of new Smaller Generation Technologies, such as Solar, Wind & Storage have opened the new opportunities for on-site power generation for the electricity users. •Change is regulatory and operational philosophy of traditional utilities are also encouraging the growth of DERs. • DER’s located near the loads have emerged as a promising option for demand management using reliable and quality power supply.

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DER

DERs are LV/MV power systems in which generation elements are co-located with end use loads, regardless of the aggregated generation capacity or grid Interconnection. DERs can operate either Island mode (MICROGRID) or to interconnected to the MV grid. Though, when DERs are connected to MV grid, it helps is maintaining the “Availability” but at the same time posses challenge to Grid Operator in Managing the Grid in terms of Reliability & Power Quality

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DER Technologies

Generation

Technology

Application Size Site Footprint

(Area/KW)

Reliability Primary Sitting

Issues

Microgrid

Application

Fuel Cell 4KW to 1MW Good Still maturing but

potentially excellent Fuel Supply

Residential,

Commercial and

Industrial

Wind Turbines Better economics

for >1MW sizes Poor

Intermittent resources :

good realization with

storage option

Resource availability,

Area per KW is high

Utility application

(with storage

options)

Micro-Turbines < 500 KW Good Still maturing but

potentially excellent

Noise, fuel supply

and emissions

Commercial,

Industrial and Utility

application

Photovoltaic

All Sizes Possible

(less than 10KW

most common)

Poor

Intermittent resources :

good realization with

storage option

Resource availability,

Area per KW is high

Residential,

Commercial,

Industrial and Utility

applications with

storage options

Combustion

Turbine > 1MW Excellent Excellent

Noise, fuel supply

and emissions

Larger Commercial,

Industrial and Utility

Application

IC Engines ALL DG Sizes Good Very Good

Noise, fuel supply

and emissions

Commercial,

Industrial and Utility

Application

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Reliability

> Intermittent Generation with

Fluctuating behavior

> Bi Directional Flows

> Fast Islanding

> Demand Response

> Fault Management

Power Quality

> Voltage Fluctuations

> Pick Load Management

> Reactive Power Compensation

> Harmonic Distortion & Power

Oscillations

Challenges posed by DER

Smart Metering

Plug ability

VAR

Compensation

Smart Transformers

Fault ride through & recovery

Power Flow Management

Fault Detection Isolation

and Restoration

Management of

connection to the Grid

Demand Response

Load Sharing

Energy Storage

and Optimization

Asset Management

Optimal

Switching

reconfiguration

Analytics and

Decision support

Fast Load

Shedding

Power

Trading

&

Planning Forecast and Scheduling

Sotage

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Improvement in MV Grid to Better integrate DER

Advanced Utility

Solutions

Asset Management System Distribution Management system &

Outage Management Accurate Forecasting

Self Healing Grid Online Condition Monitoring

Protection and

Control Layer

Supervisory Control

And Data Acquisition

(SCADA)

Energy Management

System (EMS) Protection Relays Load Controllers

Power Network

Layer

Transformers Switches Power Conditioning

Equipments Line Reactors

Static VAR

Compensators

Microsource

Layer

Photo Voltaic

Cells Wind Gneration Micro Turbines Battery Banks IC Engines

Metering Layer Smart Meters & Smart Devices Onsite Display Device

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DER Integration in MV Grid P

hysic

al Layer

Grid I

nte

gra

tion

Layer

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DER Integration

DISCOM

Microgrid

Network-1

Breaker

Microturbine Fuel

Cell

PV

Module

Battery

Bank

Transformer

Breaker

Critical

Loads

Non Critical

Loads

Microgrid Control system

Microgrid

Network-2

Breaker to

facilitate

Islanding

PV

Module

Battery

Bank

Non Critical

Loads

Transformer

Power conditioning equipments

Non conventional

energy sources

Diverse load

entities

ADMS Operation

by central system

Industry

Commercial

Complex DG

Power Conditioning equipments

DISCOM

Renewable

energy sources

Grid Connect Mode – Microgrid is electrically connected to the main MV network either being

supplied by this network or injecting back power into the main MV grid.

Islanding Mode – This is a strategic mode of operation from the perspective of Microgrid operation

like if there are failures in the Grid or operator wants to operate Microgrid for some desirable

reasons like economy, efficiency and energy export etc.

Microgrid should have the ability to operate in an isolated mode to protect the local load continuity.

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DER Control Methods

Inverters can provide the control and flexibility required for plug & play functionally.

DER control methods ensures:

• Independent control of real and reactive power

• Addition of new DER’s like plug & play without much modification in the existing network

• Islanding - Quick & seamless disconnection of the loads from the faulty grid bus

• Fault ride through and Load following speed of the DER’s to meet the dynamic load requirements

20 Confidential Property of Schneider Electric

Conclusion

> DER is the Reality & Need of Today and we can’t avoid it. We

need to deploy the advanced solutions & technologies to better

integrate it by taking care of

- Reliability (Intermittent Power, Demand Response )

- Quality ( Active, Reactive, Voltage , Load shedding, Fast Islanding)

- Regulation (Net Metering, Tariff Policy)

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