Gerund and infinitive

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GERUND AND INFINITIVES

ERIS HARIYANTOSTIE RAHMANIYAH SEKAYU

2012

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Gerunds and infinitives can function as:

NOUNS(subjects, objects, subject

complements) As subjects, they take a singular verb.

Only Gerunds can be object of the preposition

GERUND

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GERUND

Formula

Verb 1 + ing → as a noun

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To form gerunds, usethe base form + ing(don’t forget the rules for spelling of ing form of verbs)

I enjoy learning English

To form negative gerunds, use not + gerundNot speaking English well is my biggest problem in this country.

GERUND

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Function.............

as a Subject Smoking cost a lot of moneyDancing is fun

as an Object I don’t like writting a letterHe enjoys working with children

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Function.............

as a Complement My favorite occupation is reading novel

stories

as a certain Verb I dislike reading newspaper

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Function.............

After prepositions

( on, at, after, before etc )

After reading the book, she turn off the light

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By + gerundYou get good grades by studying hard.

go + gerundRecreational activities: camping, dancing,sightseeing, swimming, skiing, fishing, jogging,

I will go fishing with you tomorrow

Function

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The different........

PRESENT CONTINUOUS or GERUND

Present Continuous

I am studiying Englih now → as a verb

Gerund

My hobby is swimming → as a noun

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Verbs that take only Gerunds

Appreciate Avoid Delay Deny Discuss Dislike Enjoy Excuse Finish understand

Keep Mention Mind Miss Postpone Quit Recall Recommend Resent suggest

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Common preposition combinations followed by gerunds

Be excited about, complain about, talk about, think about, worry about

Apologize for, blame for, famous forBelieve in, interested in, succeed inTake care of, instead of, be accused of Insist on, count on, concentrate onKeep from, prevent from, profit from In addition to, look forward to, be us to

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Some expressions are used with gerunds

Be busy, can’t help, have fun, it’s no use, it’s not worth

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INFINITIVES

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INFINITIVE

Formula.....

To + Verb → as adjective / adverb

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To form infinitives useto + base form of the verbI want to dance

To form negative infinitives useNot + infinitiveHe decided not to go to the party

INFINITIVE

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Function

as a Subject To play football in the yard, when it’s

cloudy is very dangerous.To live in the United States is my dream

as an Object When it’s cloudy, is very dangerous to play

football.

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Function

There are two verbsI refused to accept your help.

After adjectiveI lazy to study English.

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Function

After pronounAndy asked indah to marry him.

After NounSusan will go to shopping mall to buy a

new bag.

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Verbs that take infinitives

Verb + infinitives – agree, appear, decidehope, intend, learn, offer, plan, seem, tend, wait,

can afford

Verb + Noun phrase + infinitive – cause, convince, force, invite, order, persuade, remind, tell, trust, warn, advise, encourage

Verbs that come directly after the infinitive or have a noun phrase – ask, beg, choose, expect, need, want, would like, promise

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Adjectives followed by infinitives

Afraid, amazed, anxious, ashamed,

careful, delighted, eager, fortunate, glad,

happy, lucky, pleased, ready, sad, sorry,

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too + adjective or adverb + infinitiveShe is too young to vote.

Adjective or adverb + enough + infinitiveThey are old enough to vote.

Infinitive with too and enough

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The different....

GerundDeddy is used to like criying when he get

bad score.

InvinitiveDeddy is used to like cry when he get bad

score.

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Gerunds often follow verbs that indicate that an action is happening or has happened.

The action expressed by the verb comes at the same time or after the action expressed by the gerund.

We enjoy going to concerts. (you can only enjoy things you are doing or have done – not things you haven’t done yet.)

The different....

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Iinfinitives often follow verbs that indicate that an action will or could happen.

The action expressed by the verb comes before the action expressed by the infinitive.

We hope to go to the concert.(You can hope for things that could happennot things that have already happened)

The different....

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Thank you....

For your atention

Sekayu2012