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FUNGI: > 1 Million Species Known
16
Agents of Decomposition
• Saprophytes
• Detritivores
1
23
MUSHROOMS
10
MOLD
29
28
29
MILDEW
12
13
RUST
(Chestnut)30
31
34
BLIGHT
BLIGHT
30
29
5960
61
BARK BEETLES – FUNGI
DISEASE: Athlete’s Foot
62
63
DISEASE: Histoplasmosis
DISEASE: Valley Fever
47 48
49
8
9
DISEASE: Keratin Parasites
46
POISONS: Amanita
Morels
35
36
Portabello Mushrooms
45
YEAST
57
BLUE CHEESE: Penicillium
58
37
38
ANTIBIOTICS
4345
Hallucinogens
Psilocybe Mushrooms
6
MYCORRHIZAE
24
Ectomycorrhizae
Endomycorrhizae
(e.g., Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae)
LICHENS
26
27
28
LICHENS
18
WHAT IS A FUNGUS?
14
50
51
52
HYPHA
DIMORPHIC
UNICELLULAR
15
Mycelium
17
RHIZOMORPH
14
Sporocarp
64
SPOROCARP: Pilobolus
65
21
Septate versus Non-Septate Hyphae
22
SEPTATE HYPHA: PORES
CELL WALL: Chitin
25
52
53
NUTRITION: Heterotrophy
19
NUTRITION: Exoenzymes
NUTRITION: Exoenzymes
39
Saprophytes/Detritivores
Mutualism: Mycorrhizae
20
Mutualism: Lichens
55
56
54
Exploitation: Parasitism
40
Exploitation: Predation
FUNGAL LIFE CYCLES
Closed Mitosis
41
SEXUAL LIFE CYCLE
Plasmogamy of Haploid Hyphae
41
Dikaryotic Phase
41
Karyogamy to form Diploid Zygote
41
Meiosis to Form Haploid Spores
41
HYPOTHESIS OF EUKARYOTIC PHYLOGENY(Based on cladistic analysis of rRNA sequence data)
Animals
True Fungi
Slime MoldsWater Molds
?
?
Chytrid Fungus44 Human Sperm 43
Opisthokont Flagella
1 http://www.evergreen.edu/mushrooms/mtsm/25.jpg
2 http://www.geocities.com/kitonka/MushroomMania/photos/coprinus.jpg
3 http://jhearst.typepad.com/photos/nature/fungus.jpg
5 http://www.oklahomafood.coop/shop/members/getimage.php?image_id=481
4 http://emtech.jp/photo/LPhoto/1987_2.jpg
7 http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_03_img0306.jpg
8 http://bama.ua.edu/~chytrid/images/clip_image003.jpg
9 http://www.saveafrog.org/images/fungus_main_pic.jpg
10 http://treediseases.coafes.umn.edu/image/Bread%20mold.JPG
11 http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/ Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20Laboratory/fungi/img001.jpg
12 http://www.ent.iastate.edu/images/plantpath/wheat/leafrust/wheat_stem_ rust_on_leaves.jpg
13 http://www.oznet.k-state.edu/path-ext/factSheets/Wheat/Wheatimages/ wheats1.jpg
14 Fig. 31.2 in Campbell and Reece. 2005. Biology, 7th Edition. Benjamin Cummings, New York.
16 http://www.minnesotabucks.com/images/BMWEadesBrownElkSkull.jpg
15 Fig. 29.2 in Brooker et al. 2008. Biology. McGraw Hill, Dubuque, IA
17 http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/hortnews/files/images/mycelium-on- leaf-litter-tif.jpg
18 Fig. 30.7 in Raven et al. 2005. Biology, 7th edition. McGraw Hill, Dubuque, IA.
19 Fig. 29.5 in Brooker et al. 2008. Biology. McGraw Hill, Dubuque, IA 20 Fig. 31.4 in Campbell and Reece. 2005. Biology, 7th edition. Benjamin
Cummings, New York, NY.
21 Fig. 31.3 in Campbell and Reece. 2005. Biology, 7th edition. BenjaminCummings, New York, NY.
22 Fig. 29.6 in Brooker et al. 2008. Biology. McGraw Hill, Dubuque, IA
23 http://k43.pbase.com/u37/andesheng/large/23808405.61.jpg
24 http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/chitin.jpg
25 http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/chitin.jpg
26 http://csa.springbranchisd.com/clark1e/leafy%20lichen.jpg
27 http://www.adventurist.net/trips/e-rock_04-2001/gallery_12-04/lichen-3.jpg
28 http://nhym-alumni.org/var/NHYM-Alumni/storage/images/multimedia/ starr_bathroom/431-1-eng-US/starr_bathroom_imagelarge.jpg
29 http://www.elmpost.org/chestnut.htm
31 http://meltonrossnewbarnetby.co.uk/images/sweet_chestnut.jpg
32 http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/Nov01/C.p.EP155plate-high.72.jpg
33 http://chestnut.cas.psu.edu/images/Misc-TACF/BLIGHT.jpg
34 http://www.columbia.edu/itc/cerc/danoff-burg/invasion_bio/ inv_spp_summ/Chestnut_range.gif
35 http://pkaminski.homestead.com/files/Morels_bunch_2_L.jpg
36 http://www.fcs.uga.edu/hace/gafacts/mushroom/images/portabello_small.jpg
37 http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/images/s5.gif
38 http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gbarron/MISCELLANEOUS/penmic1.jpg
39 http://www.whoaphotos.com/blog/dead-rabbit.jpg
40 http://ucdnema.ucdavis.edu/imagemap/nemmap/ent156html/slides/ fromCD/1939/14B.GIF
41 Fig. 31.5 in Campbell and Reece. 2005. Biology, 7th edition. Benjamin Cummings, New York, NY
42 Fig. 30.11 in Raven and Johnson. 2006. Biology, 7th edition. McGraw Hill, Dubuque, IA
44 http://bama.ua.edu/~chytrid/images/clip_image003.jpg
43 http://mush-e-mart.com/images/Growbox_Psilocybe_Cubensis%20_% 20mush-e-mart.jpg
45 http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Pharmacology/dc-bits/fungi-pics1-04m.jpg
46 http://129.215.156.68/cdrom/amanita.jpg
47 http://www.residentandstaff.com/files/ArticleFiles/RSP_24_figs.gif
48 http://www.world-of-fungi.org/Mostly_Medical/Pam_Appleby/pics/ c.immitis%20dissemination%20from%20lungs.jpg
49 http://marvistavet.com/assets/images/North_America_coccidiomycosis.gif
50 http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/Mycology/images/Topics/StructureFunction/ stainedHyphae.jpg
51 http://comenius.susqu.edu/bi/202/Fungi/Ascomycota/saccharomyces-bath.gif
52 http://www.apsnet.org/education/IllustratedGlossary/PhotosE-H/hypha.jpg
53 http://sandycreekfarm150.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/ beautiful-shrooms.jpg
54 http://www.hainaultforest.co.uk/PCarmillaria%20mellea.JPG
55 http://www.plantpath.iastate.edu/pdc/files/Image/lichen%20on%20red%20cedar%20copy.jpg
56 http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/soredia.gif
57 http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/BOT135/Lect03_a.htm
58 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Blue_Stilton_ Penicillium.jpg
59 http://www.fs.fed.us/r3/resources/health/field-guide/images/large/sds- f204-large.jpg
60 http://www.pc.gc.ca/docs/v-g/dpp-mpb/images/Fungi-in-wing-pits.jpg
61 http://www.watertalk.org/wawa/beetle/images/microbee-sm.jpg
62 http://content.revolutionhealth.com/contentimages/images-image_popup- sn7_athletesfoot.jpg
63 http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/ StaticFiles/Photography/Images/POD/a/athletes-foot-fungus-522312-lw.jpg
64 http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/31-08-Pilobolus.jpg
65 http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch31/31_13Pilobolus Sporangia.jpg
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