FUNGI: > 1 Million Species Known

16

Agents of Decomposition

• Saprophytes

• Detritivores

1

23

MUSHROOMS

10

MOLD

29

28

29

MILDEW

12

13

RUST

(Chestnut)30

31

34

BLIGHT

BLIGHT

30

29

5960

61

BARK BEETLES – FUNGI

DISEASE: Athlete’s Foot

62

63

DISEASE: Histoplasmosis

DISEASE: Valley Fever

47 48

49

8

9

DISEASE: Keratin Parasites

46

POISONS: Amanita

Morels

35

36

Portabello Mushrooms

45

YEAST

57

BLUE CHEESE: Penicillium

58

37

38

ANTIBIOTICS

4345

Hallucinogens

Psilocybe Mushrooms

6

MYCORRHIZAE

24

Ectomycorrhizae

Endomycorrhizae

(e.g., Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae)

LICHENS

26

27

28

LICHENS

18

WHAT IS A FUNGUS?

14

50

51

52

HYPHA

DIMORPHIC

UNICELLULAR

15

Mycelium

17

RHIZOMORPH

14

Sporocarp

64

SPOROCARP: Pilobolus

65

21

Septate versus Non-Septate Hyphae

22

SEPTATE HYPHA: PORES

CELL WALL: Chitin

25

52

53

NUTRITION: Heterotrophy

19

NUTRITION: Exoenzymes

NUTRITION: Exoenzymes

39

Saprophytes/Detritivores

Mutualism: Mycorrhizae

20

Mutualism: Lichens

55

56

54

Exploitation: Parasitism

40

Exploitation: Predation

FUNGAL LIFE CYCLES

Closed Mitosis

41

SEXUAL LIFE CYCLE

Plasmogamy of Haploid Hyphae

41

Dikaryotic Phase

41

Karyogamy to form Diploid Zygote

41

Meiosis to Form Haploid Spores

41

HYPOTHESIS OF EUKARYOTIC PHYLOGENY(Based on cladistic analysis of rRNA sequence data)

Animals

True Fungi

Slime MoldsWater Molds

?

?

Chytrid Fungus44 Human Sperm 43

Opisthokont Flagella

1 http://www.evergreen.edu/mushrooms/mtsm/25.jpg

2 http://www.geocities.com/kitonka/MushroomMania/photos/coprinus.jpg

3 http://jhearst.typepad.com/photos/nature/fungus.jpg

5 http://www.oklahomafood.coop/shop/members/getimage.php?image_id=481

4 http://emtech.jp/photo/LPhoto/1987_2.jpg

7 http://www.biologyreference.com/images/biol_03_img0306.jpg

8 http://bama.ua.edu/~chytrid/images/clip_image003.jpg

9 http://www.saveafrog.org/images/fungus_main_pic.jpg

10 http://treediseases.coafes.umn.edu/image/Bread%20mold.JPG

11 http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/ Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20Laboratory/fungi/img001.jpg

12 http://www.ent.iastate.edu/images/plantpath/wheat/leafrust/wheat_stem_ rust_on_leaves.jpg

13 http://www.oznet.k-state.edu/path-ext/factSheets/Wheat/Wheatimages/ wheats1.jpg

14 Fig. 31.2 in Campbell and Reece. 2005. Biology, 7th Edition. Benjamin Cummings, New York.

16 http://www.minnesotabucks.com/images/BMWEadesBrownElkSkull.jpg

15 Fig. 29.2 in Brooker et al. 2008. Biology. McGraw Hill, Dubuque, IA

17 http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/hortnews/files/images/mycelium-on- leaf-litter-tif.jpg

18 Fig. 30.7 in Raven et al. 2005. Biology, 7th edition. McGraw Hill, Dubuque, IA.

19 Fig. 29.5 in Brooker et al. 2008. Biology. McGraw Hill, Dubuque, IA 20 Fig. 31.4 in Campbell and Reece. 2005. Biology, 7th edition. Benjamin

Cummings, New York, NY.

21 Fig. 31.3 in Campbell and Reece. 2005. Biology, 7th edition. BenjaminCummings, New York, NY.

22 Fig. 29.6 in Brooker et al. 2008. Biology. McGraw Hill, Dubuque, IA

23 http://k43.pbase.com/u37/andesheng/large/23808405.61.jpg

24 http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/chitin.jpg

25 http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/chitin.jpg

26 http://csa.springbranchisd.com/clark1e/leafy%20lichen.jpg

27 http://www.adventurist.net/trips/e-rock_04-2001/gallery_12-04/lichen-3.jpg

28 http://nhym-alumni.org/var/NHYM-Alumni/storage/images/multimedia/ starr_bathroom/431-1-eng-US/starr_bathroom_imagelarge.jpg

29 http://www.elmpost.org/chestnut.htm

31 http://meltonrossnewbarnetby.co.uk/images/sweet_chestnut.jpg

32 http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/Nov01/C.p.EP155plate-high.72.jpg

33 http://chestnut.cas.psu.edu/images/Misc-TACF/BLIGHT.jpg

34 http://www.columbia.edu/itc/cerc/danoff-burg/invasion_bio/ inv_spp_summ/Chestnut_range.gif

35 http://pkaminski.homestead.com/files/Morels_bunch_2_L.jpg

36 http://www.fcs.uga.edu/hace/gafacts/mushroom/images/portabello_small.jpg

37 http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEC/CC/images/s5.gif

38 http://www.uoguelph.ca/~gbarron/MISCELLANEOUS/penmic1.jpg

39 http://www.whoaphotos.com/blog/dead-rabbit.jpg

40 http://ucdnema.ucdavis.edu/imagemap/nemmap/ent156html/slides/ fromCD/1939/14B.GIF

41 Fig. 31.5 in Campbell and Reece. 2005. Biology, 7th edition. Benjamin Cummings, New York, NY

42 Fig. 30.11 in Raven and Johnson. 2006. Biology, 7th edition. McGraw Hill, Dubuque, IA

44 http://bama.ua.edu/~chytrid/images/clip_image003.jpg

43 http://mush-e-mart.com/images/Growbox_Psilocybe_Cubensis%20_% 20mush-e-mart.jpg

45 http://www.ucl.ac.uk/Pharmacology/dc-bits/fungi-pics1-04m.jpg

46 http://129.215.156.68/cdrom/amanita.jpg

47 http://www.residentandstaff.com/files/ArticleFiles/RSP_24_figs.gif

48 http://www.world-of-fungi.org/Mostly_Medical/Pam_Appleby/pics/ c.immitis%20dissemination%20from%20lungs.jpg

49 http://marvistavet.com/assets/images/North_America_coccidiomycosis.gif

50 http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/Mycology/images/Topics/StructureFunction/ stainedHyphae.jpg

51 http://comenius.susqu.edu/bi/202/Fungi/Ascomycota/saccharomyces-bath.gif

52 http://www.apsnet.org/education/IllustratedGlossary/PhotosE-H/hypha.jpg

53 http://sandycreekfarm150.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/ beautiful-shrooms.jpg

54 http://www.hainaultforest.co.uk/PCarmillaria%20mellea.JPG

55 http://www.plantpath.iastate.edu/pdc/files/Image/lichen%20on%20red%20cedar%20copy.jpg

56 http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/soredia.gif

57 http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/wong/BOT135/Lect03_a.htm

58 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Blue_Stilton_ Penicillium.jpg

59 http://www.fs.fed.us/r3/resources/health/field-guide/images/large/sds- f204-large.jpg

60 http://www.pc.gc.ca/docs/v-g/dpp-mpb/images/Fungi-in-wing-pits.jpg

61 http://www.watertalk.org/wawa/beetle/images/microbee-sm.jpg

62 http://content.revolutionhealth.com/contentimages/images-image_popup- sn7_athletesfoot.jpg

63 http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/staticfiles/NGS/Shared/ StaticFiles/Photography/Images/POD/a/athletes-foot-fungus-522312-lw.jpg

64 http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/31-08-Pilobolus.jpg

65 http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch31/31_13Pilobolus Sporangia.jpg