First Age of Empires 1570 -200 BCE. New Kingdom of Egypt (1570-1075 BCE) more wealth and power...

First Age of

Empires1570 -200 BCE

New Kingdom of Egypt (1570-1075 BCE)

• more wealth and power• Valley of the Kings

– New burial site for pharaohs

• Queen Hatshepsut reigned 1472-1458 BCE

• Encouraged trade• Step-son, Thutmose III

becomes pharaoh– War-like ruler– Led invasions into

Palestine, Syria, and Nubia

– Expanded territory– Gained much wealth &

new technology

Ramses II

-Last powerful pharaoh of the New Kingdom-fought in the Battle of Kadesh

-resulted in peace treaty between the Egyptians and Hittites

During Egyptian rule, nobles from Nubia sent their children to Egyptian cities & when they

returned, they brought Egyptian culture back to Nubia

-religion

-literature/hieroglyphics

-customs

Kingdom of Kush & the Nubians

-Egypt slowly crumbles after Ramses II -Libya takes over

-Nubians tried to push out the Libyan rulers & return Egyptian culture

-defeated the Libyans in 751 BCE under the Kushite King Piankhi-He ruled Egypt & Nubia

-Nubians saw selves as the guardians of the Egyptian values

Meroe-major city of Kush

-golden age through trade in Africa, Arabia, and India

671 BCE – Kushites lose Egypt to Assyrians & retreat back to

Nubia

Assyrians

• Military power– Ladders– Iron weapons– Tunnels– Brutal tactics– Mass deportation

• Controlled empire through military power, taxes, & making the provinces dependent upon the Assyrians

Persians

• Origin = modern-day Iran

• Cyrus– First king of Persian

Empire– Expanded territory

• Honored local customs & religions

• Granted certain freedoms to subject peoples

• Showed kindness towards conquered people

Persian Rule

• Dynasty rule• Satraps

– Governor of a province within the empire– Carried out the laws of the King

• Inspectors– “King’s eyes & ears”– Ensured satrap’s loyalty

• Royal Road– 1,677 miles long road connecting empire

• Standardized money

Zoroaster

• Persian prophet & religious reformer

• Developed Zoroastrianism– Religion based on a final judgement

• Goodness=ascend to paradise• Evil=doomed to the underworld

Persian Legacy

• Tolerance

• Strong government– Satraps

• Roads

• Zoroasterianism

China

• Under the Zhou Dynasty, during the Warring Period, several philosophies developed– Confucius– Laozi– Legalism– Yin and Yang

Confucius

• Believed social order, harmony, and good government could be restored if society was organized around 5 basic relationships.– 1) ruler & subject– 2) father & son– 3) husband & wife– 4) older brother & younger

brother– 5) friend & friend

Laozi

• Do not strive for fame, power, or wisdom

• Follow the “Dao” or way– Daoism

• Humans are the only thing in nature that has to argue between right and wrong– Which is pointless

Legalism

• Government should use the law to end civil disorder and restore harmony

• Stressed punishment more than rewards

Yin and Yang

• Yin = represents earth, female, and passive

• Yang = represents heaven, male, and active

• Together = represents natural rhythms of life and complement each other

Qin Dynasty (221-202 BCE)• Legalist• Autocracy rule

– Unlimited powers for the “emperor”• Halted internal battles and crushed resistance

– Killed hundreds of Confucian scholars– Burned the “useless” books of Confucian ideas

• Defeated invaders• Seized land and uprooted the nobles to the capital city

– He can keep an eye on them– He took their land

• Forced labor on roads, irrigation systems, and the Great Wall of China

• Standardized weights & measurements

Results of the Qin Dynasty

• Wealth in trade

• Increased farming production

• Kept out invaders

• Unified China

Unified China came at the expense of

what?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsUE-ZtcUFg