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Objectives
• Use the periodic table to name elements, given their symbols
• Use a periodic table to write the symbols of elements, given their names
• Describe the arrangement of the periodic table
• List the characteristics that distinguish metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
Periodic Law
• Modern Periodic Table developed my Mendeleev• He noticed patterns in elemental properties
• Arranged them in columns based on similarities• Left holes where he thought a new (undiscovered
element would fit)• Periods – similar sizes (# of layers) big on left, small on
right• Next row, additional layers (so all are bigger than
element above)
Introduction to the Periodic Table
• The vertical columns of the periodic table are called
groups, or families. • Each group contains elements with similar chemical
properties.• The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are
called periods. • Physical and chemical properties change somewhat
regularly across a period.
Section 3 ElementsChapter 1
Types of Elements
Metals
• A metal is an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor.
• Properties of metals
• most are solids at room temperature
• malleable - they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets
• ductile - they can be drawn into a fine wire
• conduct electricity and heat well
Types of Elements
Nonmetals • A nonmetal is an element that is a poor conductor of heat and
electricity.
• Properties of nonmetals
• many are gases
• solids are brittle
• poor conductors of heat and electricity
Types of Elements
• Various nonmetal elements
(a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine
Types of Elements
Metalloids • A metalloid is an element that has some characteristics of
metals and some characteristics of nonmetals.
• Properties of metalloids• all metalloids are solids at room temperature• semiconductors of electricity
Types of Elements
Noble Gases
• elements in Group 18 of the periodic table• generally unreactive• gases at room temperature
Objectives
• Use the periodic table to name elements, given their symbols
• Use a periodic table to write the symbols of elements, given their names
• Describe the arrangement of the periodic table
• List the characteristics that distinguish metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.1. A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table is called a(n) _______________.2. The symbol for the element in Period 2, Group 13, is _______________.3. Elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity are _______________.4. Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity are _______________.5. A vertical column of elements in the periodic table is called a(n) _______________.6. The ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets is called _______________.7. Is an element that is soft and easy to cut cleanly with a knife likely to be a metal or a nonmetal? _______________.8. The elements in Group 18, which are generally unreactive, are called _______________.9. At room temperature, most metals are _______________.10. Name three characteristics of most nonmetals.11. Name three characteristics of metals.12. Name three characteristics of most metalloids.13. Name two characteristics of noble gases.
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