ElementsSection 3

Objectives

• Use the periodic table to name elements, given their symbols

• Use a periodic table to write the symbols of elements, given their names

• Describe the arrangement of the periodic table

• List the characteristics that distinguish metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

Section 3 ElementsChapter 1Regions of the Periodic Table

Periodic Law

• Modern Periodic Table developed my Mendeleev• He noticed patterns in elemental properties

• Arranged them in columns based on similarities• Left holes where he thought a new (undiscovered

element would fit)• Periods – similar sizes (# of layers) big on left, small on

right• Next row, additional layers (so all are bigger than

element above)

Introduction to the Periodic Table

• The vertical columns of the periodic table are called

groups, or families. • Each group contains elements with similar chemical

properties.• The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are

called periods. • Physical and chemical properties change somewhat

regularly across a period.

Section 3 ElementsChapter 1

Types of Elements

Metals

• A metal is an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor.

• Properties of metals

• most are solids at room temperature

• malleable - they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets

• ductile - they can be drawn into a fine wire

• conduct electricity and heat well

Types of Elements

• Gold, copper, and aluminum are metals

Types of Elements

Nonmetals • A nonmetal is an element that is a poor conductor of heat and

electricity.

• Properties of nonmetals

• many are gases

• solids are brittle

• poor conductors of heat and electricity

Types of Elements

• Various nonmetal elements

(a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine

Types of Elements

Metalloids • A metalloid is an element that has some characteristics of

metals and some characteristics of nonmetals.

• Properties of metalloids• all metalloids are solids at room temperature• semiconductors of electricity

Types of Elements

Noble Gases

• elements in Group 18 of the periodic table• generally unreactive• gases at room temperature

Objectives

• Use the periodic table to name elements, given their symbols

• Use a periodic table to write the symbols of elements, given their names

• Describe the arrangement of the periodic table

• List the characteristics that distinguish metals, nonmetals, and metalloids

SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided.1. A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table is called a(n) _______________.2. The symbol for the element in Period 2, Group 13, is _______________.3. Elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity are _______________.4. Elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity are _______________.5. A vertical column of elements in the periodic table is called a(n) _______________.6. The ability of a substance to be hammered or rolled into thin sheets is called _______________.7. Is an element that is soft and easy to cut cleanly with a knife likely to be a metal or a nonmetal? _______________.8. The elements in Group 18, which are generally unreactive, are called _______________.9. At room temperature, most metals are _______________.10. Name three characteristics of most nonmetals.11. Name three characteristics of metals.12. Name three characteristics of most metalloids.13. Name two characteristics of noble gases.