The Periodic Table

Element Groups

Most Important

• The periodic table of elements is much more than a list of element symbols, atomic masses and element symbols.

• You will use the periodic table to check your electron configurations, orbital notations and Lewis dot notations.

• You will use it to predict relative properties of elements such as reactivity, electronegativity and metallic characteristics.

THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES

• Metals have characteristic properties of luster, heat and electricity conductivity and malleability. Except for mercury, they are solids at room temperature.

• Nonmetals tend to form negative ions and do not possess the properties of the metals. Many are gases at room temperature. Only Bromine is a liquid at room temperature. Carbon, sulfur and phosphorous are solids.

• Metalloids are semiconductors and tend to have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals.

THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES

Periodic Table

Element Groups

The Alkali Metals

The Alkali Metals

• Examples: Li, Na, K

• Soft, gray, light metals.

• VERY reactive

• Will ignite and even explode in contact with water. What is left is an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide.

The Alkali Metals

The Alkaline-Earth Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

• Examples: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba

• Somewhat soft metals.

• Less reactive than Alkali metals, but more reactive than most metals.

• Usually found combined with oxygen

The Alkaline-Earth Metals

The TransitionMetals

The Transition Metals• Examples: Cu, Ag,

Au, Zn, Ti, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni

• “Typical metals”• Most are gray, hard

and dense• Lustrous, malleable,

ductile• Conduct heat and

electricity• Less reactive than

alkaline earth metals

The TransitionMetals

Other Metals

Other Metals

• examples: Aluminum, Tin, Lead

• Softer than transition metals

• Gray, malleable

• Less reactive than most metals.

Other Metals

Metalloids

Metalloids

• ex: Boron, Silicon, Antimony, Bismuth

• Properties between those of metals and non-metals

• Semiconductors of heat and electricity

• Reactivity depends upon the properties of the other elements in the reaction.

Metalloids

Halogens

Halogens• Fluorine (gas),

Chlorine (gas), Bromine (liquid), Iodine (solid)

• VERY reactive• Can form compounds

with almost all metals

• Commonly used in cleaners (caustic)

• Their compound are called salts.

Halogens

Noble Gases

Noble Gases

• He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

• Colorless, odorless gases at room temperature

•Are chemically “inert”(Normally will not undergo any chemical reactions, so they rarely form any compounds - not reactive)

Noble Gases

OtherNon-metals

Other Non-metals• H, C, N, O, P, S

• “Life elements”

• Light, non-malleable, brittle

• Poor conductors of heat and electricity

• Reactivity depends upon the element

OtherNon-metals

Lanthanides

Lanthanides

Actinides

Lanthanides and Actinides

• Ex: Uranium, Plutonium

• Rare-Earth Elements

• There properties are very similar and they are often found mixed together.

• Most are radioactive

• Many are not found naturally on Earth. Highly reactive (ex: Plutonium)

Periodic Table

Element Groups