East Asia terms

East Asia terms

Silk RoadThe primary trade route between China

and the west from 2nd century BC until 16th Century AD

Known as the most enduring trade route in human history.

Silk RoadVery seldom did people travel the entire route. Merchants mostly

traveled from one segment, trading with other merchants who would then

travel the next segment.

Silk RoadNot only were luxury goods traded, such as

silk, gold, silver, ivory, horses, and wool, but also ideas and information, such as

new religions

Dynastya ruling

family that passes

control from one

generation to the next

China’s DynastiesFrom at least

1766BC to this century, China was ruled by dynasties. One dynasty lasted

more than 800 years, while another

lasted only fifteen years.

China’s DynastiesHsia - 2200-1766BC Most historians believed the Hsia to be a mythical dynasty, but recent archaeological findings have verified their existence.

Shang - 1766- 1040BC a highly developed culture - a writing system still in use today - an agricultural economy - and armies of thousands whose commanders rode in chariots.

Chou - 1040BC- 256BC The semi-nomadic Chou people from northwestern China overthrew the Shang king. The Chou court developed a feudal society in China.

Ch’in - 221BC-206BC Chinese writing systems were unified. Chinese defenses were strengthened by creating the Great Wall.

China’s DynastiesHan - 206BC-AD220 The Han Dynasty is often compared to the Roman Empire. It is considered the "Golden Age of Chinese History.”Tang - 960-1279 The largest, wealthiest, and most populous in the world at that time. The Tang based their laws on based on Confucian thought. Song - 1279-1368 The Song Dynasty continued the flowering of Chinese culture. Yuan (Mongol) - 1279-1368 Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty after his Mongol tribes defeated China. The Yuan encouraged Europeans to travel overland to China; Marco Polo was the most famous of the early Europeans to make the journey. Ming - 1368-1644 Founded by a Buddhist monk who led a peasant army to victory over the Mongols. Qing (Manchu) - 1644-1911 Founded by conquerors from Manchuria in 1644, the Qing was the last imperial dynasty of China. When it was overthrown in 1911, China became a republic.

ConfucianismA Chinese philosophy

developed by Confucius in the

500’s BC

taught the importance of moral

character and of individuals taking

responsibility for the state and society

TaoismA Chinese philosophy founded in the

500’s BC by Lao Tzu.

TaoismThe goal of Taoism is to find

harmony with nature.

Genghis KhanGreat Mongol leader who invaded China

in 1211

Kublai KhanGrandson of

Genghis Khan

Conquered China and took the

Chinese name Yuan

Began Yuan Dynasty

Only foreign dynasty to rule

China

The Great Wall1500-mile stone and brick wall

built in China to keep out invading Mongols

Question… can the Great Wall be seen from the

moon?

No! However, it can be seen from a low orbit in space!

CommunismAn economic and political system in which property is

owned collectively and labor is organized in a way that is supposed to benefit

all people.

The Long March1934

Fleeing China’s Nationalist government, Mao Zedong and

87,000 other Communist soldiers began marching to

northern China.

368 days later less than 10,000 men reached their goal.

The Long March

The Long March had to cross very difficult terrain such as snowy mountains. Today is considered one of the

greatest physical feats of the Twentieth Century.

Mao ZedongCommunist

leader of China 1949 - 1976

Implemented policies such as the Great Leap Forward

and the Cultural Revolution

Mao ZedongSupported by millions

of peasants because of the promise of land, Mao Zedong and his People’s Liberation Army defeated the

Nationalist (standing government of China at

the time) and established a

Communist China.

Mao Zedong•Wanted to establish a socialist society. • Land taken from wealthy landowners and given to poor • establish collective farms • Increase food production•More could work in industry

Great Leap Forward1958

Program under Mao Zedong to help speed up

economic growth in China

Great Leap Forward•Collective farms combined into communes – some with more than 30,000 people who lived and worked together•Hoped this would create a classless society• Profits were illegal – so people only produced for themselves• Thus, failure•Bad weather•Peasants hatred of new system•15 million people died of starvation

Cultural Revolution1965 – 1968

Mao Zedong’s continued attempt to create a classless and new

societyWanted to eliminate the “Four

Olds”Old ideas

Old cultureOld customsOld habits

Cultural RevolutionLittle red book

The most important source of knowledge in

all areas

Cultural RevolutionRed Guards formed – formed mostly of young people Destroyed temples, books written by foreigners and foreign music Vicious attacks on those who deviated from Mao’s plan or were “too western”

What aspects of the Cultural Revolution do we see in this illustration?

IsolationismA policy of isolating one’s country from contact and

influence with other countries.

The purpose … to keep out foreign ideas and protect the country’s values and

beliefs.

Tiananmen SquareA square in Beijing, China, where

thousands of protesters gathered in demonstration against Communism.

On June 3, 1989, the Communist government of

China sent in the military to take whatever action

necessary to stop the

demonstration. After firing into the

crowds, mostly consisting of college-aged

students, several hundred were

killed and many more were injured.

Opium WarA war over the trade of the drug

opium, which was fought between China and Britain from 1839 – 1842.

Taiping RebellionOne of the greatest

peasant revolts in China’s

history. Raged for 14 years and took 20 million lives.

Boxer RebellionA rebel group known as the Boxers rose up against the Qing Dynasty.

Boxer RebellionPurpose … to defeat the dynasty and

force all foreigners out.

Boxer RebellionBritish, French, Russian, Japanese, and American troops joined together and defeated the Boxers.

This left China’s government in turmoil.

Subsistence Farminggrowing only enough crops to sustain your

family

Cottage IndustriesAn industry where the

creation of products and services is home-based,

rather than factory-based.

Cottage Industries

Cottage industries—the local production of traditional are seen as a way to employ the unemployed. In Nepal, these industries have

included pottery, handmade paper and products, woodwork, metal work, weaving,

embroidery, and basket making, and draw on artistic traditions dating back centuries. They

contribute about 60 percent of industrial production.

Typhoon

A tropical hurricane in the western Pacific and China

Seas

Tsunamian unusually

large sea wave produced by a seaquake or

undersea volcanic eruption

Population densityThe number of

people relative to the space occupied

by them

Even though India is 2nd in population to China, why do you

think they have a higher population density?

ArchipelagoA large group or chain of

islands

ClanA group of families who trace their descent from a common

ancestorYamato clan in Japan emerged as the most powerful clan and established a government that ruled for hundreds of years.

Shinto

A Japanese religion that developed around 300 BC.

Shinto teaches that supernatural beings called kami live in all objects

and forces of nature.

Shinto

The most common Shinto symbol – torii – the shrine gate. This one is called a

floating torii.

Mt. Fuji – sacred

mountain to Shinto

Hiroshima and

Nagasaki

Cities bombed by US during

WWII with atomic bombs

Hiroshima before the bomb

Hiroshima after the bomb

120,000 killed initially by the bombs … within the next weeks, months, and years the numbers would

increase to more than 240,000

HiroshimaBuilding

that partially survived the bomb

…

HiroshimaNow stands as a

memorial

NagasakiAugust 9,

1945