View
42
Download
0
Category
Tags:
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Dawn of the Empires. Mesopotamia. The Akkadians- 2360-2230 B.C.E. Led by Sargon Conquered Sumerian City-States. The Babylonians Hammurabi creates Babylonian empire, C. 1770 B.C.E-1500.; most famous for? Hittites- 1400-1200 B.C.E. Indo-Europeans Brought two-wheeled chariot and iron. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
The Akkadians- 2360-2230 B.C.E. Led by Sargon Conquered Sumerian City-States
Mesopotamia
The Babylonians Hammurabi creates
Babylonian empire, C. 1770 B.C.E-1500.; most famous for?
Hittites- 1400-1200 B.C.E.
Indo-Europeans Brought two-
wheeled chariot and iron
The Assyrians-1200-650 B.C.E. warlike culture, known for ruthlessness- mass deportation
How did they create their empire? superior military organization (professional
troops) Land grants were given in exchange for military
service. At its largest, the military comprised a half-million
troops, - Technology Iron weapons and superior engineering Assurbanipal- has library constructed at Nineveh-
great source of historical knowledge
Mesopotamia cont.
Conquered Nubia to the South (gold), later driven out
Hyksos New Kingdom expands Egypt into
Mesopotamia Pharaohs- Akhenaten, Hatshepsut, Ramses
II Nubians conquer Egypt, empire declines
Egypt
History of Judaism
Written in the TaNakh
Includes the “Torah” – the first five books of the Bible
Makes up the “Old Testament” of the Christian Bible
Still very much like the original
Important events
Adam and Eve (temptation)
Noah and the flood Abraham and Isaac Moses and the Exodus
(Ten Commandments) Kings of Judea Saul, David, and
Solomon Historically accurate
Important concepts
Monotheistic Covenant (promise/agreement) with God– “Chosen
People” Promised Land- called Canaan – present-day Israel
and Palestine Concept of a “Messiah” View of God – Caring, but demands obedience;
rewards and punishes Many miracles; God dialogues with humans Jews represent an ethnic community and a religion Small number of followers but large role in history
experience of women in Israelite society
◦ Women could not initiate divorce ◦ could be punished by death for having extramarital
relations◦ Women could not inherit ◦ Women were expected to rear the children and work
in agriculture, herding, or outside the family for wages.
Diaspora
Scattering of people – Jews spread throughout the world, but maintained tight-knit communities
Cyrus II (558-529 B.C.E.)◦ Satrapies (provinces)◦ Kept some local rulers; respected conquered
cultures Cambyses II (529-522 B.C.E.)
◦ Tried to extend empire too far◦ Maybe crazy
The Persians (Achaemenids)
Darius I (522-486 B.C.E.) Like Cyrus II Local administrators Standardized laws, money and taxes Why were the Persians successful rulers? willing to adapt to local circumstances, to
learn from those with experience, and to utilize the skills of non-Persians- continued Mesopotamian traditions
Centralized or decentralized?
Persians cont.
Religion in Persia Zoroastrianism Good V. Evil You will be rewarded or punished after
death Monotheistic Not official religion
The Phoenicians
• Occupied string of cities along the eastern Mediterranean coast.
• What was the purpose?• Find valuable resources• (raw materials)• Resting place for merchant
fleets• Maintain a trade monopoly
The Phoenicians
• What were they famous for?
• Made glass from sand & purple dye from a tiny sea snail.
• Invented the alphabet that ours is based on (spread to Greeks and then Romans)
Beginnings
Minoans (2500-1400 B.C.E.)- Island of Crete
Traders, not fighters – economically well-connected
Geography? – tons of cultural diffusion Why city-states? What does geography have
to do with it? Built around hills Bottom- houses Middle- Agora (market) Top- Acropolis (i.e. The Parthenon)
Greek City-States
The Olympic Games (776 BCE) Held to honor Zeus
(100 oxen) Trade and wars
stopped during games
Only men who spoke Greek were allowed to participate -later included Greek colonies
Individual events rather than team
Women were not allowed
Bragging rights; political alliances
1. monarchy: [‘single ruler'] A government in which a king or queen exercises central power (chosen by birth; hereditary)
2. aristocracy: ['best-rule'] noble land- holding families (hereditary distinction)
3. oligarchy: ['few-rule'] small group of business elites like, merchants, farmers and artisans (wealth distinction)
4. Theocracy- rule by a religion (not common in Greece)
Review of Governments
Why Athens? Naval technology Economy – coins; lydians Origins of democracy
◦ Tyrants to Aristocrats
Athens
Only male citizens could vote Assemblies chosen by lottery (allotment) –
wealth? Expected to participate – Don’t be an
“idiotes” Discussion; majority rule Generals and financial officials were elected Large slave population in Athens- only 1/3
of adults could vote Solon (630 B.C.E.)- council of 400
Greek Democracy
Two kings Large slave population Leads to militaristic culture Strongest army in Greece Banned the use of coins tomaintain equality among itscitizens
Sparta
Athens aid Ionian rebellions Persians attack Greece City-States (Athens, Sparta et al.) ally
themselves Defeat Persian and new king (Xerxes I)-
479 B.C.E. Thermopylae Hoplites and Phalanx Marathon
The Persian Wars
Golden Age under Pericles (Classical Period) 495- 429 B.C.E.
Historians- Herodotus (father of history); Thucydides
Philosophers- Socrates (date?), Plato, Aristotle
Drama- Sophocles, Oedipus Rex
Athenian Culture
Second-class citizens Could not vote or hold office Could not own property Not educated Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle argued that
men were superior to women (Misogyny?) Spartans gave women property rights and
education, but no political rights
Women
Between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies)
Athens- too much power (empire?) Sparta wins
The Peloponnesian War(ends, 404 B.C.E.)
Macedonia, in northern Greece, conquers city-states
Leader, Phillip II dies Son, Alexander, takes over Conquers most of known world; biggest
empire in history to that time Spreads Greek culture- most significant
result of Al the Great
Alexander the Great
The Hellenistic Age was a period that followed the conquests of Alexander◦ lasting from about 323 to 30 B.C.E.
During the Hellenistic Age, Greek culture acted as the dominant influence ◦ northeastern Africa and western Asia
The Hellenistic Age boasted new forms of science, art, and scholarship.
The city of Alexandria in Egypt epitomized the Hellenistic Age through its art and architecture, its great library, and its cosmopolitan culture.
Long after Greeks ceased to exert any direct political control on those areas, their culture remained a powerful influence.
Explain what is meant by the Hellenistic Age
Recommended