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Date: October 23, 2015Aim #19: What functions do carbohydrates serve to living things?
HW:1)Guided Reading 2-3 due Thursday 11/52)Worksheet (Carbohydrates) due Monday 11/23)Biochemistry Test- next Thursday 10/29 & Friday 10/30 4)Quarterly Exam- Thursday 11/5 & Friday 11/6
Do Now: NO Warm-Up Notebook today
Take our the chart “Identify Organic & Inorganic Molecules”
Happy Birthday Scott!!
Identify the Organic & Inorganic Molecules
H2O NaOH FeO3
CO2 C6H12O6 CO
HCl C2H6 C18H36O2
CaO H2CO3 C3H6
CaCO3 C2H5OH NaCl
CH3OH HNO3 CuSO4
NH3 KCl MnCl2
KMnO4 H2SO4 NO2
SO3 HF C8H18
Na2SO4 CH3COOH HBr
Inorganic
Inorganic
Inorganic
Inorganic
Inorganic
Organic
Inorganic
Inorganic
Inorganic
Inorganic
Inorganic
Organic
Organic
Organic
Organic
Inorganic
Inorganic
Inorganic
Inorganic
Organic
Inorganic
Inorganic
Organic
Organic
Inorganic
Inorganic
Inorganic
Inorganic
Organic
Inorganic
Aim #19: What functions do carbohydrates serve to
living things?
1) What inorganic compounds are essential to living things?
Minerals75% H2O
2) What organic compounds are essential to living things?
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates Proteins
3) Why is carbon the main ingredient of organic molecules?
CCarbon has only 4 electrons in its valence energy level. Because thisenergy level can hold 8, carbon can form up to 4 bonds.
Brain Pop: Body Chemistry
https://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/bodychemistry/
4) What is a carbohydrate?
A carbohydrate is an organic compound made up of sugarmolecules.
5) What is the chemical formula of a carbohydrate?
The basic chemical formula is CH2O
Simple Sugars contain C, H, & O in a 1:2:1 ratio
1) How many Carbons?
2) How many Hydrogens?
3) How many Oxygens?
C6H12O6
6
12
6
Glucose Galactose
6) What are monosaccharides?
The building blocks of carbohydrates.AKA simple sugars
7) What are isomers?
• Molecules with the same chemical formula, but differ in how their atoms are arranged.
Chemical Formula: C6H12O6
8) Why is glucose so important in living things?
Glucose is the main fuel forcellular work
What life function does this describe?
9) What does our body do with glucose when we don’t need it?
Our body will incorporate glucose into larger carbohydrates (glycogen) for later use.
Storage
10) How does our body do this?Dehydration Synthesis
+
11) What is dehydration synthesis?
Glucose
+
Sucrose
H2O
Monomers are added toa growing chain to formPolymers with the removal of water
Energy
12) What are Monomers & Polymers?
Monomers- are small, single molecular units like glucoseand fructose.Polymers- are a chains of monomers strung together.
Polymers are produced through dehydration synthesis
13) What are micromolecules and macromolecules?
• Micromolecules- small molecules (building blocks, monomers)
• Macromolecules- large molecules (polymers)
14) What is Sucrose?
Sucrose is formed from 2monosaccharides (glucoseand fructose)
It is called a disaccharide
Double Sugar
Examples of disaccharides
• Disaccharide= monosaccharide + monosaccharide
• Sucrose= Glucose + Fructose
• Lactose= Galactose and Glucose
• Maltose= Glucose + Glucose
two one
one
sugar
sugar
sugar
15) What are Polysaccharides?
Are long chains of monosaccharide monomers
16) What are some examples of polysaccharides?
Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose & Chitin
Starch- is a polysaccharide found in plant cells thatconsists entirely of glucose monomers
Glycogen- is a polysaccharide of glucose monomers found in humans. Glycogen is stored as granules in our cells and is broken down when our body needs energy
Cellulose- is a polysaccharide found in plants that helpstiffen plants to give them support.
Chitin- is a polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi.
17) How do we get energy from glycogen?
H2O
Energy
+
Polysaccharide Glucose
HYDROLYSIS
What is the difference?
Why are Carbohydrates organic?• Polymers of sugar
• Used for:
energy storage
structure
Disaccharide:sucrose
Polysaccharide:starch
Monosaccharide:glucose
CHAINSMANY
TWOONE
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