Date: October 23, 2015Aim #19: What functions do carbohydrates serve to living things?

HW:1)Guided Reading 2-3 due Thursday 11/52)Worksheet (Carbohydrates) due Monday 11/23)Biochemistry Test- next Thursday 10/29 & Friday 10/30 4)Quarterly Exam- Thursday 11/5 & Friday 11/6

Do Now: NO Warm-Up Notebook today

Take our the chart “Identify Organic & Inorganic Molecules”

Happy Birthday Scott!!

Identify the Organic & Inorganic Molecules

H2O NaOH FeO3

CO2 C6H12O6 CO

HCl C2H6 C18H36O2

CaO H2CO3 C3H6

CaCO3 C2H5OH NaCl

CH3OH HNO3 CuSO4

NH3 KCl MnCl2

KMnO4 H2SO4 NO2

SO3 HF C8H18

Na2SO4 CH3COOH HBr

Inorganic

Inorganic

Inorganic

Inorganic

Inorganic

Organic

Inorganic

Inorganic

Inorganic

Inorganic

Inorganic

Organic

Organic

Organic

Organic

Inorganic

Inorganic

Inorganic

Inorganic

Organic

Inorganic

Inorganic

Organic

Organic

Inorganic

Inorganic

Inorganic

Inorganic

Organic

Inorganic

Aim #19: What functions do carbohydrates serve to

living things?

1) What inorganic compounds are essential to living things?

Minerals75% H2O

2) What organic compounds are essential to living things?

Lipids

Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates Proteins

3) Why is carbon the main ingredient of organic molecules?

CCarbon has only 4 electrons in its valence energy level. Because thisenergy level can hold 8, carbon can form up to 4 bonds.

Brain Pop: Body Chemistry

https://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/bodychemistry/

4) What is a carbohydrate?

A carbohydrate is an organic compound made up of sugarmolecules.

5) What is the chemical formula of a carbohydrate?

The basic chemical formula is CH2O

Simple Sugars contain C, H, & O in a 1:2:1 ratio

1) How many Carbons?

2) How many Hydrogens?

3) How many Oxygens?

C6H12O6

6

12

6

Glucose Galactose

6) What are monosaccharides?

The building blocks of carbohydrates.AKA simple sugars

7) What are isomers?

• Molecules with the same chemical formula, but differ in how their atoms are arranged.

Chemical Formula: C6H12O6

8) Why is glucose so important in living things?

Glucose is the main fuel forcellular work

What life function does this describe?

9) What does our body do with glucose when we don’t need it?

Our body will incorporate glucose into larger carbohydrates (glycogen) for later use.

Storage

10) How does our body do this?Dehydration Synthesis

+

11) What is dehydration synthesis?

Glucose

+

Sucrose

H2O

Monomers are added toa growing chain to formPolymers with the removal of water

Energy

12) What are Monomers & Polymers?

Monomers- are small, single molecular units like glucoseand fructose.Polymers- are a chains of monomers strung together.

Polymers are produced through dehydration synthesis

13) What are micromolecules and macromolecules?

• Micromolecules- small molecules (building blocks, monomers)

• Macromolecules- large molecules (polymers)

14) What is Sucrose?

Sucrose is formed from 2monosaccharides (glucoseand fructose)

It is called a disaccharide

Double Sugar

Examples of disaccharides

• Disaccharide= monosaccharide + monosaccharide

• Sucrose= Glucose + Fructose

• Lactose= Galactose and Glucose

• Maltose= Glucose + Glucose

two one

one

sugar

sugar

sugar

15) What are Polysaccharides?

Are long chains of monosaccharide monomers

16) What are some examples of polysaccharides?

Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose & Chitin

Starch- is a polysaccharide found in plant cells thatconsists entirely of glucose monomers

Glycogen- is a polysaccharide of glucose monomers found in humans. Glycogen is stored as granules in our cells and is broken down when our body needs energy

Cellulose- is a polysaccharide found in plants that helpstiffen plants to give them support.

Chitin- is a polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi.

17) How do we get energy from glycogen?

H2O

Energy

+

Polysaccharide Glucose

HYDROLYSIS

What is the difference?

Why are Carbohydrates organic?• Polymers of sugar

• Used for:

energy storage

structure

Disaccharide:sucrose

Polysaccharide:starch

Monosaccharide:glucose

CHAINSMANY

TWOONE