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Science with a human face
CMS-based High-yielding Pigeonpea Hybrids
Dec 2010
CMS-based High-yielding Pigeonpea Hybrids
Introduction• Pigeonpea[Cajanus cajan(L.)Millsp.]orRedgramisanimportantpulsecropofIndiasowneveryyearon3.9mha.ThemajorpigeonpeagrowingstatesinIndiaareAndhraPradesh,Gujarat,Karnataka,MadhyaPradesh,Maharashtra,UttarPradeshandUttarakhand.
Why hybrids?• Forthelastfivedecadestheproductivityofpigeonpeahasstagnatedat600–700kgha-1.ICRISATismakingeffortstobreedhigh-yieldinghybridstobreakthisyieldbarrier.
TechnologyICRISAThasdevelopedastableCMSline,ICPA2039,derivedfromacrossbetweenawildrelativeofpigeonpea(C. cajanifolius)andacultivar.Thistraitwastransferredintomedium-durationwiltandsterilitymosaicresistantlines,andnewCMSlinesICPA2043andICPA2047,weredeveloped.
Toidentifyhighyieldinghybrids,over1,200hybridcombinationsweremadeonCMSlinesinthepastfiveyears.Amongthese,hybridsICPH2671andICPH2740werefoundmostpromisingandwereselectedforlarge-scaleproductionandtesting.
KB Saxena, R Vijay Kumar, Myer G Mula and CLL Gowda
Performance of hybrids in multi-location trialsICPH 2671
Important characters ICPH 2671 ICPH 2740Daysto50%flowering: 115-120 125-130Daysto75%maturity: 165-175 176-189100-seedmass(g): 11.0-11.5 11.3-11.6Seedcolor: Darkbrown BrownYield(tha-1): 2.5to3.0 2.7to3.0Superiorityovercheck: 30-40% 30-40%Suitability: Lightersoils DeepblacksoilsSpecialtrait: Resistanttowiltandsterilitymosaicdiseases
Seed production• TheseedproductionofA/B-andR-line,aswellashybrids,shouldbecarriedoutwithaminimumisolationdistanceof500m.
• TheseedrateforA-lineandhybridseedproductionwithaspacingof100x30cmisabout3kgha-1(A-line)and1kgha-1(B/R-line).
• ForA-lineandhybridseedproduction,theA-andB/R-linesshouldbeplantedinrowratioof4:1.
• Therowratiosandspacingofthehybridsandparentsmay be changedtosuitthelocalenvironmentandsowingtime.Inlateseasonplantingstheplantswillberelativelyshortinheightandabiggerpopulationwillberequiredtooptimizeseedyield.
Thishybridwasevaluatedin35multi-locationtrialsforfouryears(2005-2008)inAndhraPradesh,Jharkhand,Karnataka,MaharashtraandTamil Naduandrecorded41.6%superiorityovercontrolvarietyMaruti.
ICPH 2740Thishybridwasevaluatedin33multi-locationtrialsforfouryears(2005-2008)inAndhraPradesh,KarnatakaandMaharashtra,andrecorded37.8%superiorityovercontrolvarietyAsha.
On-farm trials• Atotalof923ICPH2671on-farmtrialswereevaluatedinAndhraPradesh,Jharkhand,Karnataka,MadhyaPradeshandMaharashtraduring2007,2008and2009.
Table 1. ICPH 2671 in on-farm trials in India- 2008.
System No. of demos.
Area (ha)
Yield (kg ha-1)
% Superiority
ICPH 2671
Maruti
Sole 637 211 1120 913 23
PP+ Maize 87 17 829 598 39
PP+Soybean 29 12 1250 648 93
PP+Cotton 21 8 730 648 13
PP+ Greengram
8 3 916 779 18
Total/Mean 782 251 969 717 35
• In2009,ICPH2671wasevaluatedin112on-farmtrialsatdifferentlocationsinIndia.Ofthese,afarmerinAndhraPradeshreceivedanawardforharvestingabumperyieldof10,400kginan8acreplot@3,250kg/ha.
• In2010,estimatedareasownunderhybridpigeonpeaisabout3,437hain6statesofIndia.
On-farm trials at various locations in India, 2007-2009
A x R seed production of ICPH 2671.
• On-farmtrialsofICPH2740wereplannedinlargerplotsin2010.However,inafewlocationsofGujaratandMaharashtra,goodyieldswereharvestedin2009.
• In2008,ICPH2671wasevaluatedasanintercropin145locationswithdifferentcropsandshowed93%superiorityoversoybeanininter-cropping.(Table1).
400037.5%
41.6%
3652
22152407
1582
27582592
2208
1607
2756
1999
3500
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
02005
2005
2006
2006
2007
2007
2008
2008
Mean
Mean
Years
Years
Yiel
d kg
ha-1
Yiel
d kg
ha-1
ICPH2740Asha
ICPH2671Asha
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