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CMS-based High-yielding Pigeonpea Hybrids

Dec 2010

CMS-based High-yielding Pigeonpea Hybrids

Introduction• Pigeonpea[Cajanus cajan(L.)Millsp.]orRedgramisanimportantpulsecropofIndiasowneveryyearon3.9mha.ThemajorpigeonpeagrowingstatesinIndiaareAndhraPradesh,Gujarat,Karnataka,MadhyaPradesh,Maharashtra,UttarPradeshandUttarakhand.

Why hybrids?• Forthelastfivedecadestheproductivityofpigeonpeahasstagnatedat600–700kgha-1.ICRISATismakingeffortstobreedhigh-yieldinghybridstobreakthisyieldbarrier.

TechnologyICRISAThasdevelopedastableCMSline,ICPA2039,derivedfromacrossbetweenawildrelativeofpigeonpea(C. cajanifolius)andacultivar.Thistraitwastransferredintomedium-durationwiltandsterilitymosaicresistantlines,andnewCMSlinesICPA2043andICPA2047,weredeveloped.

Toidentifyhighyieldinghybrids,over1,200hybridcombinationsweremadeonCMSlinesinthepastfiveyears.Amongthese,hybridsICPH2671andICPH2740werefoundmostpromisingandwereselectedforlarge-scaleproductionandtesting.

KB Saxena, R Vijay Kumar, Myer G Mula and CLL Gowda

Performance of hybrids in multi-location trialsICPH 2671

Important characters ICPH 2671 ICPH 2740Daysto50%flowering: 115-120 125-130Daysto75%maturity: 165-175 176-189100-seedmass(g): 11.0-11.5 11.3-11.6Seedcolor: Darkbrown BrownYield(tha-1): 2.5to3.0 2.7to3.0Superiorityovercheck: 30-40% 30-40%Suitability: Lightersoils DeepblacksoilsSpecialtrait: Resistanttowiltandsterilitymosaicdiseases

Seed production• TheseedproductionofA/B-andR-line,aswellashybrids,shouldbecarriedoutwithaminimumisolationdistanceof500m.

• TheseedrateforA-lineandhybridseedproductionwithaspacingof100x30cmisabout3kgha-1(A-line)and1kgha-1(B/R-line).

• ForA-lineandhybridseedproduction,theA-andB/R-linesshouldbeplantedinrowratioof4:1.

• Therowratiosandspacingofthehybridsandparentsmay be changedtosuitthelocalenvironmentandsowingtime.Inlateseasonplantingstheplantswillberelativelyshortinheightandabiggerpopulationwillberequiredtooptimizeseedyield.

Thishybridwasevaluatedin35multi-locationtrialsforfouryears(2005-2008)inAndhraPradesh,Jharkhand,Karnataka,MaharashtraandTamil Naduandrecorded41.6%superiorityovercontrolvarietyMaruti.

ICPH 2740Thishybridwasevaluatedin33multi-locationtrialsforfouryears(2005-2008)inAndhraPradesh,KarnatakaandMaharashtra,andrecorded37.8%superiorityovercontrolvarietyAsha.

On-farm trials• Atotalof923ICPH2671on-farmtrialswereevaluatedinAndhraPradesh,Jharkhand,Karnataka,MadhyaPradeshandMaharashtraduring2007,2008and2009.

Table 1. ICPH 2671 in on-farm trials in India- 2008.

System No. of demos.

Area (ha)

Yield (kg ha-1)

% Superiority

ICPH 2671

Maruti

Sole 637 211 1120 913 23

PP+ Maize 87 17 829 598 39

PP+Soybean 29 12 1250 648 93

PP+Cotton 21 8 730 648 13

PP+ Greengram

8 3 916 779 18

Total/Mean 782 251 969 717 35

• In2009,ICPH2671wasevaluatedin112on-farmtrialsatdifferentlocationsinIndia.Ofthese,afarmerinAndhraPradeshreceivedanawardforharvestingabumperyieldof10,400kginan8acreplot@3,250kg/ha.

• In2010,estimatedareasownunderhybridpigeonpeaisabout3,437hain6statesofIndia.

On-farm trials at various locations in India, 2007-2009

A x R seed production of ICPH 2671.

• On-farmtrialsofICPH2740wereplannedinlargerplotsin2010.However,inafewlocationsofGujaratandMaharashtra,goodyieldswereharvestedin2009.

• In2008,ICPH2671wasevaluatedasanintercropin145locationswithdifferentcropsandshowed93%superiorityoversoybeanininter-cropping.(Table1).

400037.5%

41.6%

3652

22152407

1582

27582592

2208

1607

2756

1999

3500

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

02005

2005

2006

2006

2007

2007

2008

2008

Mean

Mean

Years

Years

Yiel

d kg

ha-1

Yiel

d kg

ha-1

ICPH2740Asha

ICPH2671Asha