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Classification of Living Things
1. Classification is a way to organize- group things based on similarities
ex: cards in a deck
2. The first classification system was developed by Aristotle.
- he grouped everything into 2 categories: plant and animal
3. Linnaeus developed the classification system we use today based on the following characteristics:
1. Physical characteristics
ex: flowering plants are classified based on the # and similarities of their reproductive structures.
2. Evolutionary history (Phylogeny)
ex: bats fly like birds, but their origins are shared with animals that have hair and feed milk to their young.
4. Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature, a system that gives each organism 2 names.These names are always in Latin.
1. GENUS: group of closely related species
* CAPITALIZED
ex: Quercus alba (White Oak)
2. species: specific type of organism
* lower case
ex: Phoca vitulina (Harbor Seal)
5. The taxa are the groups that all living things are divided into.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
Taxon Corn House Fly Human
Kingdom Plantae Animalia Animalia
Phylum Anthophyta Arthropoda Chordata
Class Monocotyledon Insecta Mammalia
Order Commelinales Diptera Primates
Family Poaceae Muscidae Hominidae
Genus Zea Musca Homo
Species mays domestica sapiens
Biologists that study classification are: taxonomists!
The study of classification is called: taxonomy!
Kingdom: Monera
• Moneran’s are:– Prokaryotes
– Some are autotrophic, others are heterotrophic, and some are even chemoautotrophic
– Unicellular
• Found anywhere and everywhere in the world.
• Come in three basic shapes.
• Some species cause illness.
• Others are used in the food industry to make certain foods.
Spirillum- notice the flagella which helps
it move.
Streptococcus- some can
cause strept- throat and
other illnesses.
A Bacillus – one species is used to make yogurt.
Kingdom: Protista
• Protists are:– Eukaryotic– Some are
autrotrophic and others are heterotrophic. A few can do both.
– Most are unicellular but some are multicellular.
• Algae range in size from microscopic to 20 meters in length (kelp).
• Used as food, in cosmetics, and in pharmaceuticals.
• Some species are harmful – even deadly.
A desmid – a microscopic algae.
Kelp – a type of brown algae. Diatoms – a protist used to make toothpaste.
Plasmodium – a protozoan that causes malaria.
Kingdom: Fungi
• Fungi are:– Eukaryotic
– Heterotrophic
– Mostly multicellular but a few are unicellular
• Digest their food outside of their “bodies” and then absorb it.
• One is used in the making of most breads. Others “eat” bread.
• Have a cell wall made of chitin just like insects.
• Some can cause disease.
Rhizopus – a bread mold
Yeast – a fungus used to make bread, wines, and beer.
A fungul infection commonly known as “ringworm.”
Kingdom: Plantae
• Plants are:– Eukaryotic
– Autotrophic
– Multicellular
• Necessary for human survival in that they provide a means for shelter, food, medicine, entertainment, and of course, beauty.
• Range in size from 1 cm to taller than 275 feet
An orchid – a flowering plant that actually mimics their wasp pollinator.
A redwood tree and Aunt Mable and Uncle Albert.
Yummy fruits and veggies.
Kingdom: Animalia
• Animals are:– Eukaryotic
– Heterotrophic
– Multicellular
Animals are widely diverse: in where they live, in what and how they obtain food, in how they acquire oxygen, in how they move (if they do at all), and of course in how they look.
A sea horse – a type of fish. Heartworm – a parasite.
A cougar – a deadly predator.
Sponge Bob and the real thing.
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